Azure Governance Visualizer aka AzGovViz

Do you want to get granular insights on your technical Azure Governance implementation and document it in CSV, HTML, Markdown, and JSON?

Azure Governance Visualizer is a PowerShell based script that iterates through your Azure Tenant's Management Group hierarchy, starting from the root Management Group down to the Subscription, Resource Group and Resource level. It collects data from various Azure APIs including Azure ARM, Microsoft Graph and Storage.

From the collected data it generates enriched insights for capabilities such as Azure Policy, RBAC, and a lot more.

Within an HTML output it provides visibility on your HierarchyMap, creates a TenantSummary, creates DefinitionInsights and builds granular ScopeInsights on Azure Management Groups and Subscriptions.

Further, CSV exports with enriched information per capability will be generated and detailed JSON files are exported which document your entire Azure tenant setup for Management Groups, Subscriptions, Azure RBAC definitions and assignments, Azure policy definitions and assignments. These exports come in handy for change tracking scenarios as well as redeployment of configuration (e.g. tenant migration scenario) and can even serve as a backup.

The technical requirements as well as the required permissions are minimal.

You can run the script either for your tenant root management group or any other management group.

Mission

"Governance can be a complex thing.."

Challenges:

Holistic overview on governance implementation
Connecting the dots

Azure Governance Visualizer is intended to help you to get a holistic overview on your technical Azure Governance implementation by connecting the dots.

Azure Governance Visualizer @ Microsoft CAF

Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF)

Listed as tool for the Govern discipline in the Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework.
Included in the Cloud Adoption Framework's Strategy-Plan-Ready-Governance Azure DevOps Demo Generator template.

Azure Governance Visualizer accelerator

The Azure Governance Visualizer accelerator provides an easy and fast deployment process that automates the creation and publishing of AzGovViz to an Azure Web Application and provides automation to configuring the pre-requisites for AzGovViz.

ChatGPT

🚀 Azure Governance Visualizer deployment guide

The instructions to deploy the Azure Governance Visualizer is found in the Azure Governance Visualizer (AzGovViz) deployment guide. Follow those instructions to run AzGovViz from your terminal (console), GitHub Codepaces, Azure DevOps, or GitHub.

As an alternative, you can use the Azure Governance Visualizer accelerator to deploy the Azure Governance Visualizer per code.

Release history

Changes (2024-Apr-17 / 6.4.4 Minor)

fix issue #230
- use AzAPICall PowerShell module version 1.2.1
update API reference Microsoft.Security/pricings use API version 2024-01-01 (previous 2018-06-01)
add 'Mutate' to ValidPolicyEffects
location related tasks - use only physical locations (exclude logical)
optimize collection of Role definitions that are used in Policy definitions

Full release history

Demo

Demo (v6_major_20220927_1)

More demo output

Media

Microsoft Tech Talks - Bevan Sinclair (Cloud Solution Architect Microsoft) Automated Governance Reporting in Azure (MTT0AEDT) (register to view)
Microsoft Dev Radio (YouTube) Get visibility into your environment with Azure Governance Visualizer
Jack Tracey (Cloud Solution Architect Microsoft) Azure Governance Visualizer With Azure DevOps

Presentations

Short presentation on Azure Governance Visualizer: download

Features

Hierarchy of Azure management groups
- Builds a visual hierarchy of your management group setup including counts on linked Azure subscriptions, Azure Policy assignments, scoped policy/set definitions and role assignments per management group
Azure Policy
- Custom policy definitions
  - Scope information
  - Policy effect
  - If policy effect is DeployIfNotExists (DINE) will show the specified Azure RBAC role
  - List of assignments
  - Usage in custom PolicySet definitions
  - System metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy' ('createdBy', 'updatedBy' identity is fully resolved)
- Orphaned custom policy definitions
  - List of custom policy definitions that matches the following criteria:
    - Policy definition is not used in any custom PolicySet definition
    - No policy assignment exists for the policy definition
- Custom PolicySet definitions
  - Scope information
  - List unique assignments
  - List of policy definitions used
- Orphaned custom PolicySet definitions
  - Criteria: no policy assignment exists for the PolicySet definition
- Custom PolicySet definitions using deprecated built-in policy definitions
- Policy assignments of deprecated built-in policy definition
- Policy exemptions
  - Lists all exemptions (scopes: management groups, subscriptions, resource groups, and resources)
  - Enrich information on exemption scope
  - Summary on expired exemptions
- Policy assignments orphaned
  - Policy assignments's policy definition does not exist / likely management group scoped Policy definition - management group deleted
- Policy assignments throughout the entirety of scopes (management groups, subscriptions, and resource groups)
  - Core information on policy assignments
    - NonCompliance message on policy assignment for a PolicySet will only show the default non-compliance message
  - Advanced/enriched information on policy assignments
    - Policy assignment scope (at scope/inheritance)
    - Indicates if scope is excluded from policy assignment
    - Indicates if exemption applies for scope
    - Policy/resource compliance (Policy: NonCompliant, Compliant; Resource: NonCompliant, Compliant, Conflicting)
    - Related Azure RBAC role assignments (if policy effect is DeployIfNotExists (DINE) or Modify)
    - Resolved managed identity (if policy effect is DeployIfNotExists (DINE) or Modify)
    - System metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy' ('createdBy', 'updatedBy' identity is fully resolved)
    - Parameters used
- Azure landing zone (ALZ) policy version checker for policy and set definitions. Azure Governance Visualizer will clone the Azure landing zone GitHub repository and collect the Azure landing zone policy and set definitions history. The ALZ data will be compared with the data from your tenant so that you can get lifecycle management recommendations for ALZ policy and set definitions that already exist in your tenant plus a list of ALZ policy and set definitions that do not exist in your tenant. The ALZ policy version checker results will be displayed in the TenantSummary and a CSV export *_ALZPolicyVersionChecker.csv will be provided.
- Policy Remediation - list all remediatable policies including relevant information such as assignment and definition data
Azure role-based access control (RBAC)
- Custom role definitions
  - List assignable scopes
  - System metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy' ('createdBy', 'updatedBy' identity is fully resolved)
- Orphaned custom role definitions
  - List of custom role definitions that matches the following criteria:
    - Role definition is not used in any role assignment
    - Role is not used in a policy definition's rule (roleDefinitionIds)
- Orphaned role assignments
  - List of role assignments that matches the following criteria:
    - Role definition was deleted although and assignment existed
    - Role assignment's target identity (User, Group, ServicePrincipal) was deleted
- Role assignments throughout the entirety of scopes (management groups, subscriptions, resource groups, and resources)
  - Core information on role assignments
  - Advanced information on role assignments
    - Role assignment scope (at scope / inheritance)
    - For role assignments on groups the Microsoft Entra group members are fully resolved. With this capability, Azure Governance Visualizer can ultimately provide holistic insights on permissions granted.
    - For role assignments on groups the Microsoft Entra group members count (transitive) will be reported
    - For identity-type == 'ServicePrincipal' the type (Application (internal/external) / ManagedIdentity (System assigned/User assigned)) will be revealed
    - For identity-type == 'User' the userType (Member/Guest) will be revealed
    - Related policy assignments (Policy assignment that use the DeployIfNotExists (DINE) or Modify effect)
    - System metadata 'createdOn, createdBy' ('createdBy' identity is fully resolved)
    - Determine if the role assignment is 'standing' or PIM (Privileged Identity Management) managed
    - Determine if the role assignment's role definition is capable to write role assignments
- PIM (Privileged Identity Management) eligibility for role assignments
  - Get a full report of all PIM eligible role assignments for management groups and subscriptions, including resolved user members of Microsoft Entra ID groups that have assigned eligibility
  - 💡 Note: this feature requires you to execute as service principal with Application API permission PrivilegedAccess.Read.AzureResources
- Role assignments ClassicAdministrators
- Security & best practice analysis
  - Existence of custom role definition that reflect 'Owner' permissions
  - Report all role definitions that are capable to write role assignments, list all role assignments for those role definitions
  - Role assignments for 'Owner' permissions on identity-type == 'ServicePrincipal'
  - Role assignments for 'Owner' permissions on identity-type != 'Group'
  - Role assignments for 'User Access Administrator' permissions on identity-type != 'Group'
  - High privilege role assignments for 'Guest Users' (Owner & User Access Administrator)
Blueprints
- Blueprint scopes and assignments
- Orphaned Blueprints
Management groups
- Management group count, level/depth, management group children, and sub children
- Hierarchy Settings | Default management group ID
- Hierarchy Settings | Require authorization for management group creation
Subscriptions, resources & Microsoft Defender
- Subscription insights
  - State
  - QuotaId
  - Role assignment limit
  - Tags
  - Owner & User Access Administrator role assignment count (at scope) direct and indirect plus PIM eligibility count
  - Microsoft Defender for Cloud secure score
  - Microsoft Defender for Cloud email notifications configuration
  - Cost
  - Management group path
- Tag name usage
  - Insights on usage of tag names on subscriptions, resource groups, and resources
- Resources
  - Resource types
    - Resource type count per location
    - Resource provider
      - Resource provider state aggregation throughout all subscriptions
      - Explicit resource provider state per subscription
    - Resource locks
      - Aggregated insights for lock and respective lock-type usage on subscriptions, resource groups, and resources
      - CSV output detailed / each scope that has a lock applied (at scope)
  - Resource fluctuation - added/removed resources since previous Azure Governance Visualizer execution
    - Aggregated insights on resource fluctuation add/remove (HTML)
    - Detailed insights on resource fluctuation add/remove (CSV)
  - Cost optimization & cleanup (ARG)
    - If you run Azure Governance Visualizer with parameter -DoAzureConsumption then the orphaned/unused resources output will show you potential cost savings for orphaned/unused resources with intent 'cost savings'
    - The cost optimization & cleanup feature is based on Azure Orphan Resources - GitHub ARG queries and workbooks by Dolev Shor
    - The virtual machines that are stopped but not deallocated are still generating compute costs. You should check if there are virtual machines running within your environment that are only stopped. The output will show these virtual machines with intent 'cost savings - stopped but not deallocated VM'.
  - Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF) Abbreviation examples for Azure resources alignment checks
- Microsoft Defender for Cloud
  - Summary of Microsoft Defender for Cloud coverage by plan (count of subscription per plan/tier)
  - Summary of Microsoft Defender for Cloud plans coverage by subscription (plan/tier)
  - Highlight the usage of deprecated Defender plans (e.g. Container Registry & Kubernetes)
- User-assigned managed identities assigned to resources / vice versa
  - Summary of all user-assigned managed identities assigned to resources
  - Summary of resources that have a user-assigned managed identity assigned
- Integrate PSRule for Azure
  - Pausing 'PSRule for Azure' integration. Azure Governance Visualizer uses the Invoke-PSRule cmdlet, but there are certain resource types where also child resources need to be queried to achieve full rule evaluation.
  - Well-Architected Framework aligned best practice analysis for resources, including guidance for remediation
- Azure Storage account access analysis
  - Provides insights on Storage accounts with focus on anonymous access (containers/blobs and 'Static website' feature)
Network
- Virtual networks
- Subnets
- Virtual network peerings
- Private endpoints
Diagnostics
- Management groups diagnostic settings report
  - Management group, diagnostic setting name, target type (Log Analytics, Storage account, Event Hub), target resource ID, log category status
- Subscriptions diagnostic settings report
  - Subscription, diagnostic setting name, target type (Log Analytics, Storage account, Event Hub), target resource ID, log category status
- Resources diagnostic capability report (1st party resource types only)
  - Resource type capability for resource diagnostics including:
    - Resource type count and information if capable for logs including list of available og categories
    - Resource type count and information if capable for metrics
- Lifecycle recommendations for existing Azure Policy definitions that configure resource diagnostics of type=Log
  - Check if policy definitions hold the latest set of applicable log categories
  - Recommendation to create policy definition for resource type if supported
  - Lists all policy definitions that deploy resource diagnostics of type=log, lists policy assignments and PolicySet assignments if the policy definition is used in a PolicySet definition
Limits
- Tenant approaching ARM limits:
  - Custom role definitions
  - PolicySet definitions
- Management groups approaching ARM limits:
  - Policy assignment limit
  - Policy / PolicySet definition scope limit
  - Role assignment limit
- Subscriptions approaching ARM limits:
  - Resource group limit
  - Subscription tags limit
  - Policy assignment limit
  - Policy / PolicySet definition scope limit
  - Role assignment limit
Microsoft Entra ID
- Insights on those service principals where a role assignment exists (scopes: management group, subscription, resource group, and resource):
  - Type=ManagedIdentity
    - Core information on the service principal such as related IDs, use case information and role assignments
    - For user-managed identities the count of assignment to resources is reported
    - Orphaned managed identity - policy assignment related managed identities / the related policy assignment does not exist
    - User-assigned managed identity - count of resources that it is assigned to
  - Type=Application
    - Secrets and Certificates expiry information & warning
    - Report on external service principals
Consumption
- Aggregated consumption insights throughout the entirety of scopes (management groups, subscriptions)
Change tracking
- Policy
  - Created/Updated policy and PolicySet definitions (system metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy')
  - Created/Updated policy assignments (system metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy')
- RBAC
  - Created/Updated role definitions (system metadata 'createdOn, createdBy, updatedOn, updatedBy')
  - Created role assignments (system metadata 'createdOn, createdBy)
- Resources
  - Aggregated insights on created/changed resources

Screenshots

HTML file

HierarchyMap

TenantSummary

DefinitionInsights

ScopeInsights

*IDs from screenshot are randomized

markdown in Azure DevOps Wiki as Code

*IDs from screenshot are randomized

Note: there is some fixing ongoing at the mermaid project to optimize the graphical experience: mermaid-js/mermaid#1177

Outputs

CSV file
HTML file
- the HTML file uses JavaScript and CSS files which are hosted on various CDNs (Content Delivery Network). For details review the BuildHTML region in the PowerShell script file.
- Browsers tested: Edge and Chrome
MD (Markdown) file
- for use with Azure DevOps Wiki using the Mermaid plugin
JSON folder (demo-output) containing
- all policy and role assignments (Scopes: tenant, management groups, and subscriptions)
- all built-in and custom policy & policy set definitions (Scopes: management groups and subscriptions)
- all built-in and custom role definitions
- JSON file of management group hierarchy including all custom policy, policy set, and RBAC definitions, policy and role assignments and some more relevant information
- Tenant tree including all policy and role assignments and all custom policy & policy set and role definitions

Trust

How can we trust a 20k lines PowerShell script? Besides assuring that Azure Governance Visualizer will not harm at any intent, you may want to secure yourself. Let's use Azure built-in capabilities such as VM Insights to monitor the Azure Governance Visualizer activity.

Setup a Virtual Machine in Azure, deploy the dependency agent extension and execute Azure Governance Visualizer.

In the Azure Portal navigate to the Virtual Machine, Click on Insights in the Monitoring section and click on Map. All connections that have been established will be shown. Now let's focus on the process pwsh and review the established connections.

Query for Log Analytics:

VMConnection
| where AgentId =~ '<GUID>'
| where ProcessName =~ 'pwsh'
| summarize by DestinationIp, DestinationPort, RemoteIp, Protocol, Direction, RemoteDnsQuestions, BytesSent, BytesReceived

Technical documentation

Permissions overview

Required permissions in Azure

These permissions are mandatory in each and every scenario!

Scenario	Permissions
ALL	'Reader' role assignment on management group

Required permissions in Microsoft Entra ID

Scenario

Permissions

A
Console | Member user account

No Microsoft Entra ID permissions required

B
Console | Guest user account

If the tenant is hardened (Microsoft Entra ID External Identities / Guest user access = most restrictive) then Guest User must be assigned the Microsoft Entra role 'Directory readers'
💡 Compare member and guest default permissions
💡 Restrict guest access permissions in Microsoft Entra ID

C
Console | Service principal | Managed identity

Capability	Microsoft Graph API permissions
Get Microsoft Entra ID Users	Service principal's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / User / User.Read.All 💡 Get user
Get Microsoft Entra ID Groups	Service principal's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / Group / Group.Read.All 💡 Get group
Get Microsoft Entra ID SP/App	Service principal's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / Application / Application.Read.All 💡 Get servicePrincipal, Get application
Get PIM eligibility SP/App	Service principal's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / PrivilegedAccess / PrivilegedAccess.Read.AzureResources 💡 Get privilegedAccess for Azure resources If you cannot grant this permission then use parameter -NoPIMEligibility

Optional: Microsoft Entra ID role 'Directory readers' could be used instead of API permissions (more 'read' than required)

D
Azure DevOps / Github Actions | Service principal

Capability	API Permissions
Get Microsoft Entra ID Users	Azure DevOps service connection's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / User / User.Read.All 💡 Get user
Get Microsoft Entra ID Groups	Azure DevOps service connection's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / Group / Group.Read.All 💡 Get group
Get Microsoft Entra ID SP/App	Azure DevOps service connection's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / Application / Application.Read.All 💡 Get service principal, Get application
Get PIM eligibility SP/App	Service principal's App registration grant with Microsoft Graph permissions: Application permissions / PrivilegedAccess / PrivilegedAccess.Read.AzureResources 💡 Get privilegedAccess for Azure resources If you cannot grant this permission then use parameter -NoPIMEligibility

Optional: Microsoft Entra ID role 'Directory readers' could be used instead of API permissions (more 'read' than required)

Screenshot of Microsoft Graph permissions in the Microsoft Entra admin center

PowerShell

Requires PowerShell 7 (minimum supported version 7.0.3)
Requires PowerShell Az Modules
- Az.Accounts
- Install the Azure Az PowerShell module
Requires PowerShell Module 'AzAPICall'
- Running in Azure DevOps or GitHub Actions the required AzAPICall module version will be installed automatically
- Running from Console the script will prompt you to confirm installation of the required AzAPICall module version
- AzAPICall resources:
  - GitHub Repository
Usage/command
- .\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -ManagementGroupId <your-Management-Group-Id>

Parameters

-ManagementGroupId Management Group Id (Root Management Group Id equals your Tenant Id)
-CsvDelimiter - The world is split into two kinds of delimiters - comma and semicolon - choose yours (default is semicolon ';')
-OutputPath
~~-AzureDevOpsWikiAsCode - Use this parameter only when running AzGovViz in a Azure DevOps Pipeline~~ Based on environment variables the script will detect the code run platform
-DoNotShowRoleAssignmentsUserData - Scrub personally identifiable information (PII)
-LimitCriticalPercentage - Limit warning level, default is 80%
~~-HierarchyTreeOnly~~ -HierarchyMapOnly - Output only the HierarchyMap for Management Groups including linked Subscriptions
-SubscriptionQuotaIdWhitelist - Process only Subscriptions with defined QuotaId(s). Example: .\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -SubscriptionQuotaIdWhitelist MSDN_,Enterprise_
-NoResourceProvidersDetailed - Disables output for ResourceProvider states for all Subscriptions in the TenantSummary section, in large Tenants this can become time consuming
-NoResourceProvidersAtAll - Resource Providers will not be collected
-NoMDfCSecureScore - Disables Microsoft Defender for Cloud Secure Score request for Subscriptions and Management Groups.
~~-DisablePolicyComplianceStates~~ -NoPolicyComplianceStates - Will not query policy compliance states. You may want to use this parameter to accellerate script execution or when receiving error 'ResponseTooLarge'.
-NoResourceDiagnosticsPolicyLifecycle - Disables Resource Diagnostics Policy Lifecycle recommendations
-NoAADGroupsResolveMembers - Disables resolving Microsoft Entra ID Group memberships
~~-NoAADGuestUsers - Disables resolving Microsoft Entra ID User type (Guest or Member)~~
~~-NoServicePrincipalResolve -NoAADServicePrincipalResolve - Disables resolving ServicePrincipals~~
~~-ServicePrincipalExpiryWarningDays~~ -AADServicePrincipalExpiryWarningDays - Define warning period for Service Principal secret and certificate expiry; default is 14 days
~~-NoAzureConsumption~~ - Azure Consumption data should not be collected/reported
-DoAzureConsumption - Azure Consumption data should be collected/reported
-DoAzureConsumptionPreviousMonth - Azure Consumption data should be collected/reported for the previous month
-AzureConsumptionPeriod - Define for which time period Azure Consumption data should be gathered; default is 1 day
-NoAzureConsumptionReportExportToCSV - Azure Consumption data should not be exported (CSV)
-NoScopeInsights - Q: Why would you want to do this? A: In larger tenants the ScopeInsights section blows up the html file (up to unusable due to html file size). Use -LargeTenant to further reduce the output.
-ThrottleLimit - leveraging PowerShell's parallel capability you can define the ThrottleLimit (default=5)
-DoTranscript - Log the console output
-SubscriptionId4AzContext - Define the Subscription Id to use for AzContext (default is to use a random Subscription Id)
-PolicyAtScopeOnly - Removing 'inherited' lines in the HTML file for 'Policy Assignments'; use this parameter if you run against a larger tenants. Note using parameter -LargeTenant will set -PolicyAtScopeOnly $true
-RBACAtScopeOnly - Removing 'inherited' lines in the HTML file for 'Role Assignments'; use this parameter if you run against a larger tenants. Note using parameter -LargeTenant will set -RBACAtScopeOnly $true
~~-CsvExport~~ -NoCsvExport - Do not export enriched data for 'Role assignments', 'Policy assignments' data and 'all Resources' (subscriptionId, managementGroup path, resourceType, id, name, location, tags, createdTime, changedTime)
~~-PolicyIncludeResourceGroups~~ -DoNotIncludeResourceGroupsOnPolicy - Do not include Policy assignments on ResourceGroups
~~-RBACIncludeResourceGroupsAndResources~~ -DoNotIncludeResourceGroupsAndResourcesOnRBAC - Do not include Role assignments on ResourceGroups and Resources
-ChangeTrackingDays - Define the period for Change tracking on newly created and updated custom Policy, PolicySet and RBAC Role definitions and Policy/RBAC Role assignments (default is '14')
-FileTimeStampFormat- Define the time format for the output files (default is yyyyMMdd_HHmmss)
~~-JsonExport~~ -NoJsonExport - Do not enable export of ManagementGroup Hierarchy including all MG/Sub Policy/RBAC definitions, Policy/RBAC assignments and some more relevant information to JSON
-JsonExportExcludeResourceGroups - JSON Export will not include ResourceGroups (Policy & Role assignments)
-JsonExportExcludeResources- JSON Export will not include Resources (Role assignments)
-LargeTenant - A large tenant is a tenant with more than ~500 Subscriptions - the HTML output for large tenants simply becomes too big. Using this parameter the following parameters will be set: -PolicyAtScopeOnly, -RBACAtScopeOnly, -NoResourceProvidersAtAll, -NoScopeInsights
-HtmlTableRowsLimit - Although the parameter -LargeTenant was introduced recently, still the html output may become too large to be processed properly. The new parameter defines the limit of rows - if for the html processing part the limit is reached then the html table will not be created (csv and json output will still be created). Default rows limit is 20.000
-AADGroupMembersLimit - Defines the limit (default=500) of Microsoft Entra group members; For Microsoft Entra ID groups that have more members than the defined limit group members will not be resolved
-NoResources - Will speed up the processing time but information like Resource diagnostics capability, resource type stats, UserAssigned Identities assigned to Resources is excluded (featured for large tenants)
-StatsOptOut - Opt out sending stats
-NoSingleSubscriptionOutput - Single Scope Insights output per Subscription should not be created
-ManagementGroupsOnly - Collect data only for Management Groups (Subscription data such as e.g. Policy assignments etc. will not be collected)
-ShowMemoryUsage - Shows memory usage at memory intense sections of the scripts, this shall help you determine if the the worker is well sized for Azure Governance Visualizer
-CriticalMemoryUsage - Define at what percentage of memory usage the garbage collection should kick in (default=90)
-ExcludedResourceTypesDiagnosticsCapable - Resource Types to be excluded from processing analysis for diagnostic settings capability (default: microsoft.web/certificates)
PSRule for Azure
- Pausing 'PSRule for Azure' integration. Azure Governance Visualizer leveraged the Invoke-PSRule cmdlet, but there are certain resource types where also child resources need to be queried to achieve full rule evaluation.
- -DoPSRule - Execute PSRule for Azure. Aggregated results are integrated in the HTML output, detailed results (per resource) are exported to CSV
- -PSRuleVersion - Define the PSRule..Rules.Azure PowerShell module version, if undefined then 'latest' will be used
- -PSRuleFailedOnly - PSRule for Azure will only report on failed resource (may save some space/noise). (e.g. .\pwsh\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -DoPSRule -PSRuleFailedOnly)
PIM (Privileged Identity Management) Eligibility
- -NoPIMEligibility - Do not report on PIM eligible Role assignments
- -PIMEligibilityIgnoreScope - By default will only report for PIM Elibility for the scope (ManagementGroupId) that was provided. If you use the new switch parameter then PIM Eligibility for all onboarded scopes (Management Groups and Subscriptions) will be reported
- -NoPIMEligibilityIntegrationRoleAssignmentsAll - Prevent integration of PIM eligible assignments with RoleAssignmentsAll (HTML, CSV)
~~-DefinitionInsightsDedicatedHTML~~ -NoDefinitionInsightsDedicatedHTML - DefinitionInsights will be written to a separate HTML file *_DefinitionInsights.html. If you want to keep DefinitionInsights in the main html file then use this parameter
~~-NoALZEvergreen~~ -NoALZPolicyVersionChecker - Do not execute the ~~'ALZ EverGreen'~~ 'Azure Landing Zones (ALZ) Policy Version Checker' feature
-NoStorageAccountAccessAnalysis - Do not execute Storage Account Access Analysis (focus on anonymous access)
-StorageAccountAccessAnalysisSubscriptionTags - Define Subscription tag names that should be added to the CSV output per Storage Account
-StorageAccountAccessAnalysisStorageAccountTags - Define Storage Account tag names that should be added to the CSV output per Storage Account
-NoNetwork - Do not execute Network analysis / Virtual Network and Virtual Network Peerings
- -NetworkSubnetIPAddressUsageCriticalPercentage - Warning level when certain percentage of IP addresses is used (default = 90%)
-TenantId4AzContext - Define the Tenant Id to use for AzContext (default is to use the Tenant Id from the current context)

API reference

Azure Governance Visualizer polls the following APIs

Endpoint	API version	API name
MS Graph	beta	/groups/`entraGroupId`/transitiveMembers
MS Graph	beta	/privilegedAccess/azureResources/resources
MS Graph	beta	/privilegedAccess/azureResources/roleAssignments
MS Graph	v1.0	/applications
MS Graph	v1.0	/directoryObjects/getByIds
MS Graph	v1.0	/users
MS Graph	v1.0	/groups
MS Graph	v1.0	/servicePrincipals
ARM	2021-05-01-preview	/`resourceId`/providers/Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettingsCategories
ARM	2018-11-01-preview	/`scopeId`/providers/Microsoft.Blueprint/blueprints/`blueprintName`
ARM	2021-04-01	/providers
ARM	2021-06-01	/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions
ARM	2021-06-01	/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policySetDefinitions
ARM	2020-02-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/getEntities
ARM	2021-06-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments
ARM	2021-06-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions
ARM	2020-07-01-preview	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyExemptions
ARM	2021-06-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policySetDefinitions
ARM	2015-07-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments
ARM	2020-10-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignmentScheduleInstances
ARM	2018-07-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions
ARM	2018-11-01-preview	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.Blueprint/blueprints
ARM	2023-03-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.CostManagement/query
ARM	2020-01-01-preview	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/microsoft.insights/diagnosticSettings
ARM	2019-10-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`/providers/Microsoft.PolicyInsights/policyStates/latest/summarize
ARM	2020-05-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`managementGroupId`
ARM	2020-02-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/`tenantId`/settings
ARM	2020-05-01	/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups
ARM	2021-03-01	/providers/Microsoft.ResourceGraph/resources
ARM	2021-05-01	/`resourceId`/providers/Microsoft.Insights/metrics
ARM	2020-01-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/locations
ARM	2020-07-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Advisor/advisorScore
ARM	2016-09-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/locks
ARM	2021-06-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments
ARM	2021-06-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions
ARM	2020-07-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyExemptions
ARM	2021-06-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policySetDefinitions
ARM	2015-07-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments
ARM	2020-10-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignmentScheduleInstances
ARM	2019-08-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignmentsUsageMetrics
ARM	2022-05-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions
ARM	2022-05-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Blueprint/blueprintAssignments
ARM	2018-11-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Blueprint/blueprints
ARM	2023-03-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.CostManagement/query
ARM	2021-05-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettings
ARM	2019-10-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.PolicyInsights/policyStates/latest/summarize
ARM	2022-07-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Network/locations/`location`/availablePrivateEndpointTypes
ARM	2022-05-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Network/privateEndpoints
ARM	2022-05-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
ARM	2020-06-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Resources/tags/default
ARM	2024-01-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Security/pricings
ARM	2020-01-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Security/securescores
ARM	2020-01-01-preview	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers/Microsoft.Security/securityContacts
ARM	2019-10-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/providers
ARM	2021-04-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/resourcegroups
ARM	2023-07-01	/subscriptions/`subscriptionId`/resources
ARM	2020-01-01	/subscriptions
ARM	2020-01-01	/tenants

Integrate with AzOps

Did you know you can run AzOps from Azure DevOps? Check AzOps accelerator. You can integrate Azure Governance Visualizer (same project as AzOps).

pipelines:
  - pipeline: 'Push'
    source: 'AzOps - Push'
    trigger:
      branches:
        include:
          - master

Integrate PSRule for Azure

Pausing 'PSRule for Azure' integration. Azure Governance Visualizer used the Invoke-PSRule cmdlet, but there are certain resource types where also child resources need to be queried to achieve full rule evaluation.

Let's use PSRule for Azure and use over 260 pre-built rules to validate Azure resources based on the Microsoft Well-Architected Framework (WAF) principles. PSRule for Azure is listed as security monitoring tool in the Microsoft Well-Architected Framework.

Parameter: -DoPSRule (e.g. .\pwsh\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -DoPSRule) Optional parameters:

-PSRuleVersion - Define the PSRule..Rules.Azure PowerShell module version, if undefined then 'latest' will be used
-PSRuleFailedOnly - PSRule for Azure will only report on failed resource (may save some space/noise). (e.g. .\pwsh\AzGovVizParallel.ps1 -DoPSRule -PSRuleFailedOnly)

Outputs:

HTML (summarized)
- TenantSummary
- ScopeInsights
  - Management Group (all resources below that scope)
  - Subscription
CSV (detailed, per resource)

TenantSummary HTML output example:

Stats

In order to better understand the Azure Governance Visualizer usage and to optimize the product accordingly some stats will be ingested to Azure Application Insights. Results of stats analysis may be shared at a later stage.

How / What?

If the script is run in Azure DevOps then the repository ID and executing principal's object ID will be used to create an unique identifier. If the script is not run in Azure DevOps then the tenant ID and executing principal's object ID will be used to create an unique identifier.

SHA384/512 hashed combination of:

portion of the repositoryId/tenantId
- if repositoryId/tenantId starts with a letter then use characters 3-8 (6 characters) of the first GUID's block, combine them with the third GUID's block of the principal's objectId (4 characters), SHA512 hash them as identifier0
- if repositoryId/tenantId starts with a number then use characters 7-12 (6 characters) of the last GUID's block, combine them with the second GUID's block of the principal's objectId (4 characters), SHA384 hash them as identifier0
portion of the executing principal's objectId
- if objectId starts with a letter then use characters 3-8 (6 characters) of the first GUID's block, combine them with the third GUID's block of the repositoryId/tenantId (4 characters), SHA512 hash them as identifier1
- if objectId starts with a number then use characters 7-12 (6 characters) of the last GUID's block, combine them with the second GUID's block of the repositoryId/tenantId (4 characters), SHA384 hash them as identifier1

Combine identifier0 and identifier1

if objectId starts with a letter then combine identifiers -> 'identifier0 + identifier1', SHA512 hash them as final identifier and remove dashes (string of 128 characters)
if objectId starts with a number then combine identifiers -> 'identifier1 + identifier0', SHA512 hash them as final identifier and remove dashes (string of 128 characters)

To conclude the approach: taking 6 or 4 characters from tenant ID / respository ID and object ID of the executing principal to create a unique identifier, which may not be backward resolveable.

The following data will be ingested to Azure Application Insights:

"accType": "ServicePrincipal / User (member) / User (Guest)",
"azCloud": "Azure environment e.g. AzureCloud, ChinaCloud, etc.",
"identifier": "8c62a7..53d08c0 (string of 128 characters)",
"platform": "Console / AzureDevOps",
"productVersion": "used Azure Governance Visualizer version",
"psAzAccountsVersion": "used Az.Accounts PS module version",
"psVersion": "used PowerShell version",
"scopeUsage": "childManagementGroup / rootManagementGroup",
"statsCountErrors": "count of encountered errors",
"statsCountSubscriptions": "less than 100 / more than 100 (no exact numbers)",
"statsParametersDoNotIncludeResourceGroupsAndResourcesOnRBAC": "true / false",
"statsParametersDoNotIncludeResourceGroupsOnPolicy": "true / false",
"statsParametersDoNotShowRoleAssignmentsUserData": "true / false",
"statsParametersHierarchyMapOnly": "true / false",
"statsParametersLargeTenant": "true / false",
"statsParametersNoASCSecureScore" "true / false",
"statsParametersNoAzureConsumption": "true / false",
"statsParametersNoJsonExport": "true / false",
"statsParametersNoPolicyComplianceStates": "true / false",
"statsParametersNoResourceProvidersDetailed": "true / false",
"statsParametersNoResources": "true / false",
"statsParametersPolicyAtScopeOnly": "true / false",
"statsParametersRBACAtScopeOnly": "true / false",
"statsTry": "count of try sending to Application Insights"

Azure Application Insights data:

If you do not want to contribute to stats for Azure Governance Visualizer then you can use the parameter: -StatsOptOut

If you have any concerns or see a risk sending stats please file an issue.

Thank you for your support!

Security

✋ Take care: Azure Governance Visualizer creates very detailed information about your Azure Governance setup. In your organization's best interest the outputs should be protected from not authorized access!

☝ Be aware: Any member user of the tenant can execute/run the script against the management group (and below) if the member user has the Azure RBAC role 'Reader' assigned at management froup (this of course also applies for the root management group). More important: also guest users can execute/run the script if your tenant is not hardened (and has the RBAC role 'Reader' assigned at management group) Microsoft Entra Id | External Identities | External collaboration settings | Guest user access ref

🛡️ Collaborate with the security team: Azure Defender for Cloud may alert Azure Governance Visualizer resource queries as suspicious activity:

Known issues

Working with Git and Windows cloning from your AzDO repository you may experience the following error:

fatal: cannot create directory at 'output/JSON_...': Filename too long

To work around that issue you may want to enable longpaths support. Note the caveats!

git config --system core.longpaths true

Facts

Disabled Azure subscriptions and subscriptions where Quota ID starts with with "AAD_" are being skipped, all others are queried. More information on Subscription Quota ID / Offer numbers: Supported Microsoft Azure offers.

ARM Limits are not acquired programmatically, these are hardcoded. The links used to check related limits are commented in the param section of the script.

Contribution

You are welcome to contribute to the project. Contribution Guide

Thanks to so many supporters - testing, giving feedback, making suggestions, presenting use-case, posting/blogging articles, refactoring code - THANK YOU!

Thanks Stefan Stranger (Microsoft) for providing me with his Azure Governance Visualizer outputs executed on his implementation of EnterpriseScale. Make sure you read Stefan's blog article: Enterprise-Scale - Policy Driven Governance

Thanks Frank Oltmanns-Mack (Microsoft) for providing me with his Azure Governance Visualizer outputs executed on his implementation of EnterpriseScale.

Carlos Mendible (Microsoft) gracias por tu contribución on the project - run Azure Governance Visualizer with GitHub Codespaces.

Special thanks to Tim Wanierke, Brooks Vaughn and Friedrich Weinmann (Microsoft).

And another big thanks to Wayne Meyer (Microsoft) for constant support and building bridges.

Kudos to the TableFilter Project Team!

Kudos to LorDOniX for JSON-viewer!

Kudos to Bernie White and PSRule for Azure team!

Kudos to @dolevshor for Azure Orphan Resources - GitHub ARG queries and workbooks!

Kudos to @ElanShudnow for AzSubnetAvailability - GitHub

AzAdvertizer

Also check https://www.azadvertizer.net - AzAdvertizer helps you to keep up with the pace by providing overview and insights on new releases and changes/updates for Azure governance capabilities such as Azure Policy's policy definitions, initiatives (set definitions), aliases, and Azure RBAC's role definitions and resource provider operations.

AzADServicePrincipalInsights

Also check https://aka.ms/AzADServicePrincipalInsights - What about your Microsoft Entra ID service principals? Get deep insights and track your service principals with AzADServicePrincipalInsights. Create an HTML overview, export to CSV and JSON and use it for further processing.

Closing Note

Please note that while being developed by a Microsoft employee, Azure Governance Visualizer is not a Microsoft service or product. Azure Governance Visualizer is a personal/community driven project, there are no implicit or explicit obligations related to this project, it is provided 'as is' with no warranties and confer no rights.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 592 Commits
.azuredevops/pipelines		.azuredevops/pipelines
.devcontainer		.devcontainer
.github		.github
.vscode		.vscode
img		img
pwsh		pwsh
setup		setup
slides		slides
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
contributionGuide.md		contributionGuide.md
history.md		history.md
setup.md		setup.md
version.json		version.json
version.txt		version.txt

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JulianHayward/Azure-MG-Sub-Governance-Reporting

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