How are software patents harmful to innovation?
Software patents can harm innovation in a few ways:

1. Legal battles: Patents on software can lead to legal battles, with companies suing each other over alleged infringement of their patents. This can be costly for both sides and can distract from the actual process of creating and improving products.
2. Strained resources: Defending against patent infringement claims and seeking patents of one's own can strain the resources of smaller companies and startups, diverting attention and funds away from innovation and development.
3. Obstacles to entry: Patents can create barriers to entry for new companies and startups, as they may have to navigate a complex web of existing patents and license agreements in order to bring their products to market. This can reduce competition and limit the number of players in a market, reducing overall innovation.
4. Encourages monopolies: Patents can give companies exclusive rights to certain technologies, allowing them to establish a monopoly and limit competition. This can result in higher prices, reduced innovation, and decreased consumer choice.
5. Decreased sharing and collaboration: Software patents can make it more difficult for developers to collaborate and share their work, as they may fear infringing on someone else's patent. This can reduce the pace of innovation and limit the sharing of ideas and technologies.

While the intention behind software patents is to encourage innovation by providing a legal framework for protecting intellectual property, they can sometimes have unintended consequences and limit innovation. A balance needs to be struck between protecting intellectual property rights and promoting competition and innovation.
How could we try to prevent those issues without eliminating the incentives for new developments on the future ?