what is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of irregular heartbeat, specifically affecting the atria, the two upper chambers of the heart. In a healthy heart, the atria and ventricles (lower chambers) work in a coordinated manner, guided by electrical signals. In AFib, these electrical signals go haywire, causing the atria to quiver or fibrillate instead of contracting properly. This disrupts the normal flow of blood into the ventricles and subsequently to the rest of the body.
What causes atrial fibrillation?
AF can result from a variety of conditions. Common ones include:
- High blood pressure
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart valve disease
- Chronic lung diseases
- Hyperthyroidism
- Alcohol use, particularly binge drinking
- Previous heart surgery
- Viral infections
- Certain medications or other substances
Other times, AF can occur in individuals without any known underlying condition (so-called lone AF).

**Symptoms**: Some people with AF don't have any symptoms, but others may experience:
- Palpitations (feeling like the heart is racing, pounding, or fluttering)
- Fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or pressure
- Reduced ability to exercise
explain a quantum bolzman machine (QBM) and some of its potential uses