What happens when I search for a website like https://openai.com/ on Google?
When you search for something on Google, it sends your search request into their servers, which attempt to find the most fitting result for your query. They have a database full of website links, their titles, contents, popularity, etc., and they use a propitiatory algorithm in order to rank each result's relevance to your specific search query, and they send back the most relevant results.

However, you specifically asked about searching for a website link on Google. It is likely that you confused Google and your browser's address bar. If you didn't, the previous paragraph still applies. But if you did, the process, is as follows:
- The link you typed gets sent to a DNS (domain name system), which is a server that contains a table that links between websites' links and their IP addresses (unique identifiers that allow  computers to communicate with a specific computer over the internet).
- The DNS sends back the website's true IP address
- Your browser sends what's known as an HTTP Request to the website. In it, the browser requests the webpage's underlying code.
- The website sends a reply containing the requested code.
- Your browser interprets the code and shows you the resulting page.
Note that these steps are a bit of an oversimplification, and the true process is much more complicated than that.

If you would like more details, please do ask.
Some people are under the misconception that Google is the internet, explain how Google and Internet are different