Could you explain to me how nerves transfer information between different neurons?
Yes, sure! Nerve cells, also known as neurons, communicate with each other through a process called synaptic transmission. When an electrical signal, known as an action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, a small gap between two neurons. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron, causing changes in the electrical potential of the post-synaptic neuron and leading to the initiation of an action potential in the next neuron, continuing the flow of the electrical signal. This process allows neurons to transmit information to each other, ultimately leading to the transmission of information throughout the nervous system.
How powerful is the action potential? Could it shock you if you touched someone's nerves?
Electric shock occurs when voltage in the form of a current of electrons moves through the body. Action potentials do not operate this way, as it is neither a traditional current nor does it consist of electrons. Ions are released through the membrane and later pumped back into resting position. No particles are flowing in a current. The action potential follows a chart which you can find images of online. The voltage changes from -70 mV to 40 mV before overcorrecting below -70 mV and finally reaching resting position again. Touching exposed nerves would certainly not shock you, though I advise against doing it anyways.