What does the term MP refer to in formal logic?
In formal logic, the term MP refers to the Modus Ponens rule of inference. Modus Ponens is a deductive argument form in which a proposition P implies a proposition Q, and P is asserted to be true, thereby Q must be true. The Modus Ponens rule is usually expressed in the form if P then Q and P, therefore Q. The Modus Ponens rule is one of the basic rules of inference in propositional logic and predicate logic.
Can you list all the terms used in logic with a few words on each. Use a logical sequence.
Sure, here's a list of some common terms used in logic, in a logical sequence that builds on each concept:

Proposition: A statement that is either true or false.
Logical connective: A word or symbol that connects two propositions, such as and, or, or not.
Truth value: The truth or falsity of a proposition.
Tautology: A proposition that is always true, regardless of the truth values of its constituent propositions.
Contradiction: A proposition that is always false, regardless of the truth values of its constituent propositions.
Logical equivalence: Two propositions that have the same truth values for all possible truth values of their constituent propositions.
Inference: The process of deriving a conclusion from one or more premises.
Deductive reasoning: A type of reasoning in which the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.
Inductive reasoning: A type of reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by the premises, but does not necessarily follow from them.
Modus Ponens: A deductive argument form in which a proposition P implies a proposition Q, and P is asserted to be true, thereby Q must be true.
Modus Tollens: A deductive argument form in which a proposition P implies a proposition Q, and Q is asserted to be false, thereby P must be false.
Syllogism: A deductive argument form consisting of two premises and a conclusion.