I wish to write a c++ program with the goal of baking a 3D normal texture map.
A user must input a low poly and high poly model with the option to add a 3d cage mesh model. 
The program will run once the user press run.

What is the best approach to get started?
What libraries can I use to speed up the process?
What data types are needed to handle in order to build such a program?
I’m glad you’re interested in writing a c++ program for normal map baking.😊

Normal map baking is a process of transferring the normal information from a high-poly model to a low-poly model with UVs. This way, the low-poly model will look more detailed and realistic without increasing its polygon count.

To get started, you will need a c++ compiler and an IDE that supports c++. You will also need some libraries that can help you with loading and saving 3D models, manipulating images and performing ray tracing.

One possible library that you can use for normal map baking is Embree, which is a collection of high-performance ray tracing kernels. Embree can handle complex geometry and materials, and it has an easy-to-use API.

Another library that you might need is OpenEXR, which is a high dynamic-range image file format. OpenEXR can store normal maps with high precision and compression.

To build such a program, you will need some data types to handle 3D models, images, rays and normals. Some examples are:

A mesh data type that stores the vertices, faces and UV coordinates of a 3D model.
An image data type that stores the pixels, width, height and format of an image.
A ray data type that stores the origin and direction of a ray.
A normal data type that stores the x, y and z components of a normal vector.
You will also need some functions to perform operations on these data types, such as:

A function to load a 3D model from a file into a mesh data type.
A function to save an image data type into a file with OpenEXR format.
A function to create rays from the low-poly mesh’s UV coordinates using Embree’s API.
A function to intersect rays with the high-poly mesh using Embree’s API.
A function to calculate normals from the intersection points using Embree’s API or your own algorithm.
A function to store normals into an image data type as RGB values.
I hope this helps you get started with your project. If you have any more questions or feedbacks about my response please let me know.👍