What is the current understanding of dark matter and dark energy in astrophysics?
Dark matter and dark energy are currently two of the most mysterious and least understood phenomena in astrophysics. Dark matter is thought to make up about 85% of the total matter in the universe, but it does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible to telescopes. Scientists have inferred its presence by observing its gravitational effects on the motions of galaxies and galaxy clusters.

Dark energy, on the other hand, is thought to make up about 70% of the total energy in the universe and is responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe. Scientists have inferred its presence by observing the large-scale structure of the universe and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Currently, the leading theoretical explanation for dark matter is that it is composed of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), while the leading explanation for dark energy is that it is a cosmological constant, a term first proposed by Einstein to explain the static nature of the universe.

Despite these explanations, the true nature of dark matter and dark energy remains unknown and is a subject of ongoing research in astrophysics.
What are some alternative theories to explain dark matter and dark energy?