Please help me understand how Arduino works.
Sure, I'd be happy to help you understand how Arduino works!

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software platform that allows you to create interactive projects and prototypes. The platform consists of a microcontroller board (such as the Arduino Uno) and a software development environment that runs on your computer.

Here's how it works:

1. The Arduino board is connected to your computer via a USB cable. The board contains a microcontroller (usually an ATmega328P) that can be programmed to control inputs and outputs.

2. Using the Arduino software development environment, you write a program (or sketch) that specifies how the microcontroller should interact with its inputs and outputs. The language used to write Arduino sketches is a simplified version of C++.

3. Once you've written your sketch, you upload it to the Arduino board via the USB cable. The board then executes the program, controlling the inputs and outputs as specified in the sketch.

4. Inputs to the Arduino can include sensors such as temperature sensors, light sensors, or accelerometers, as well as buttons, switches, and other digital inputs. Outputs can include LEDs, motors, speakers, and other actuators.

 5. The Arduino can also communicate with other devices via various communication protocols such as I2C, SPI, or serial communication.

Arduino is a popular platform for creating all kinds of interactive projects, from simple LED blinkers to complex robots and IoT devices. Its open-source nature means that there are many resources available online, including code examples, tutorials, and forums where you can get help from the Arduino community.
Great. Can you give me an example of something you could do with an Arduino?
One example of something you can make with an Arduino board, sensors, and actuators is to make a smart trash can lid that opens when you touch it. It should be a relatively easy Arduino project.