How do lightbulbs work?
Light bulbs work by converting electrical energy into light and heat energy. They consist of a filament made of tungsten wire that is enclosed inside a glass bulb filled with an inert gas, usually argon or nitrogen. When an electric current is passed through the filament, it heats up and becomes white-hot, producing visible light.

The filament is connected to two metal wires or electrodes, which are attached to the base of the bulb. When the bulb is screwed into a light fixture and connected to a power source, electricity flows through the wires and heats up the filament.

As the filament heats up, it begins to emit light, which is visible to the human eye. The gas inside the bulb helps to prevent the filament from oxidizing and burning out too quickly by absorbing some of the heat and redirecting it back to the filament.

Over time, the tungsten filament will eventually burn out and need to be replaced. This is because the high temperatures cause the tungsten to slowly evaporate, causing the filament to become thinner and eventually break.
How do LED light bulbs work?
LED bulbs are made of tiny chips that use quantum effects to emit light at a specific frequency. The light's temperature depends on the ratio of different colored LEDs in the bulb. LEDs use less power than old incandescent light bulbs because they don't need to heat up a filament to emit light.