According to theory, blood types in the general population occur in the following proportions: 46% O, 40% A, 10% B, and 4% AB. Anthropologists come upon a previously unknown civilization living on a remote island. A random sampling of blood types yields the following counts: 77 O, 85 A, 23 B, and 15 AB. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the distribution of blood types found among the island population differs from that which occurs in the general population?
No. A single random sample is not enough to prove it is different. It is better to use more random samples or larger sample size with statistical test to verify the difference.
This was 200 samples.  What is an appropriate sample-size based on population for this type of experiment?