What were Starship's test launches, and how did each one end?
SpaceX's Starship is a next-generation spacecraft designed for crewed missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Since its development began, Starship has undergone several test launches. Here is a summary of Starship's test launches and their outcomes:

1. Starhopper: On July 25, 2019, SpaceX performed the first test flight of the Starhopper, a prototype of the Starship vehicle. The test was successful, and the Starhopper reached an altitude of about 20 meters before landing safely.

2. SN5: On August 4, 2020, SpaceX conducted the first successful test flight of a full-scale Starship prototype, called SN5. The prototype flew to an altitude of 150 meters before successfully landing back on the launchpad.

3. SN6: On September 3, 2020, SpaceX conducted the second successful test flight of a full-scale Starship prototype, called SN6. The prototype flew to an altitude of 150 meters before successfully landing back on the launchpad.

4. SN8: On December 9, 2020, SpaceX conducted a high-altitude test flight of the SN8 prototype, which was designed to reach an altitude of 12.5 kilometers. The flight was successful in many ways, but the prototype crashed during the landing attempt, exploding on impact.

5. SN9: On February 2, 2021, SpaceX conducted another high-altitude test flight of the SN9 prototype. Like the SN8 flight, the test was successful in many ways, but the prototype crashed during the landing attempt, exploding on impact.

6. SN10: On March 3, 2021, SpaceX successfully launched and landed the SN10 prototype after reaching an altitude of 10 kilometers. However, the prototype exploded about 10 minutes after landing.

7. SN11: On March 30, 2021, SpaceX launched the SN11 prototype, but the test flight ended in a failure with the prototype crashing and exploding during the landing attempt.

8. SN15: On May 5, 2021, SpaceX launched the SN15 prototype, which successfully reached an altitude of 10 kilometers and then executed a controlled descent, successfully landing back on the launchpad.

9. SN16: As of my knowledge cutoff date of September 2021, there had been no SN16 prototype test launch.

It's worth noting that while many of these test launches did not end with a successful landing, they were still valuable for SpaceX to gather data and improve the design of the Starship vehicle. SpaceX has continued to make progress in developing Starship and plans to use it for future missions to space.