What is the difference between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy?
Kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy are both forms of mechanical energy but arise from different sources and are associated with different types of motion.

1. **Kinetic Energy:**
   - **Definition:** Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It depends on both the object's mass \(m\) and its velocity \(v\). The formula for kinetic energy (\(KE\)) is \(KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\).
   - **Source:** Kinetic energy arises from the movement of an object. Any object in motion, regardless of its size or speed, possesses kinetic energy.

2. **Gravitational Potential Energy:**
   - **Definition:** Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. It depends on the object's mass (\(m\)), the acceleration due to gravity (\(g\)), and its height above a reference point. The formula for gravitational potential energy (\(PE\)) near the surface of the Earth is \(PE = mgh\), where \(h\) is the height above the reference point.
   - **Source:** Gravitational potential energy arises from the object's position in a gravitational field. The higher an object is above the ground, the more gravitational potential energy it possesses.

**Key Differences:**

1. **Source of Energy:**
   - Kinetic energy comes from the motion of an object.
   - Gravitational potential energy comes from the position of an object in a gravitational field, specifically its height above a reference point.

2. **Formulas:**
   - The formula for kinetic energy is \(KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\), where \(m\) is the mass of the object and \(v\) is its velocity.
   - The formula for gravitational potential energy near the surface of the Earth is \(PE = mgh\), where \(m\) is the mass of the object, \(g\) is the acceleration due to gravity, and \(h\) is the height above the reference point.

3. **Dependence on Motion vs. Position:**
   - Kinetic energy depends on the object's velocity and is associated with its motion.
   - Gravitational potential energy depends on the object's height above the ground and is associated with its position in a gravitational field.
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