Compare and contrast bows and crossbows. Take into account their historical impact, not just how they work.
Bows and crossbows are both projectile weapons that have been used for hunting, warfare, and sport throughout history. While they share some similarities in their basic principles, there are key differences in their design, use, and historical impact.

Design and Functionality:

1. Bows are simpler in design, consisting of a flexible, curved piece of wood or composite material and a string connecting the two ends. The archer pulls back the string to bend the bow, storing potential energy that is released when the string is let go, propelling the arrow forward.
1. Crossbows have a more complex design, with a horizontal bow-like assembly mounted on a stock. The user pulls back the string and locks it in place using a mechanism called a trigger or latch. When the trigger is pulled, the string is released, and the bolt is shot forward.

Historical Impact:

1. Bows have a much longer history, dating back to the Stone Age. They have been used in many cultures around the world, including ancient Egypt, China, and Europe. Bows were the primary long-range weapon in many pre-modern armies, with skilled archers like the English longbowmen playing a critical role in medieval warfare. Bows have also played a significant role in hunting and sport, with modern archery competitions continuing this tradition.
1. Crossbows emerged later, first appearing in ancient China around the 5th century BCE and later in Europe during the medieval period. Crossbows had a major impact on European warfare due to their ease of use, as they required less training and strength compared to traditional bows. This made them particularly effective for siege warfare and infantry combat. However, their slow reloading time limited their effectiveness on the open battlefield. Crossbows were eventually replaced by firearms as the dominant long-range weapon.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

1. Bows are generally lighter, faster to reload, and have a higher rate of fire compared to crossbows. However, they require more skill and physical strength to use effectively, particularly for long-range accuracy and power.
1. Crossbows have the advantage of being easier to use, as they require less physical strength and training. Their design allows for more accurate aiming, and their shorter bolts can deliver powerful, penetrating force. However, crossbows are heavier, slower to reload, and have a lower rate of fire compared to bows.

In summary, bows and crossbows are both projectile weapons that have had a significant impact on hunting, sport, and warfare throughout history. Bows have a longer history and higher rate of fire, while crossbows are easier to use and deliver powerful shots. The differences in their design and use led to distinct roles in various historical contexts, with bows excelling in open battlefield combat and crossbows being more suited to infantry and siege warfare.
Why did bows and crossbows become obsolete in the modern era?
It is believed that longbows became obsolete, because longbowmen required longer training, required higher strength to draw bowstring, and as a result could not be quickly used by conscripts. And for that reason they started being replaced by musketeers around 16th century. 

In comparison to bows, crossbows had slower rate of fire, and were subject to damage by rain, while longbowmen could unstring their bows. On several occasions team of crossbowmen were outmatched by longbowmen in Europe, for example in of Agincourt in 1415. In China, crossbows were considered obsolete in 1536.

In modern era, bows and crossbows still receive minority interest and are used for hunting purposes by certain individuals. However, they're outclassed by modern firearms which have higher rate and better firepower.