diff --git a/sources/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md b/sources/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8c4d2edc55f3..000000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -translating by valoniakim - -What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science -====== -![][1] - -We have recently started a new [Science category][2] on It’s FOSS. We covered [how open source approach is impacting Science][3] in the last article. In this open science article, we discuss [NASA][4]‘s actively growing efforts that involve their dynamic role in boosting scientific research by encouraging open source practices. - -### How NASA is using Open Source approach to improve science - -It was a great [initiative][5] by NASA that they made their entire research library freely available on the public domain. - -Yes! Entire research library for everyone to access and get benefit from it in their research. - -Their open science resources can now be mainly classified into these three categories as follows: - - * Open Source NASA - * Open API - * Open Data - - - -#### 1\. Open Source NASA - -Here’s an interesting interview of [Chris Wanstrath][6], co-founder and CEO of [GitHub][7], about how it all began to form many years ago: - -Uniquely named “[code.nasa.gov][8]“, NASA now has precisely 365 scientific software available as [open source via GitHub][9] as of the time of this post. So if you are a developer who loves coding, you can study each one of them every day for a year’s time! - -Even if you are not a developer, you can still browse through the fantastic collection of open source packages enlisted on the portal! - -One of the interesting open source packages listed here is the source code of [Apollo 11][10]‘s guidance computer. The Apollo 11 spaceflight took [the first two humans to the Moon][11], namely, [Neil Armstrong][12] and [Edwin Aldrin][13] ! If you want to know more about Edwin Aldrin, you might want to pay a visit [here][14]. - -##### Licenses being used by NASA’s Open Source Initiative: - -Here are the different [open source licenses][15] categorized as under: - -#### 2\. Open API - -An Open [Application Programming Interface][16] or API plays a significant role in practicing Open Science. Just like [The Open Source Initiative][17], there is also one for API, called [The Open API Initiative][18]. Here is a simple illustration of how an API bridges an application with its developer: - -![][19] - -Do check out the link in the caption in the image above. The API has been explained in a straightforward manner. It concludes with five exciting takeaways in the end. - -![][20] - -Makes one wonder how different [an open vs a proprietary API][21] would be. - -![][22] - -Targeted towards application developers, [NASA’s open API][23] is an initiative to significantly improve the accessibility of data that could also contain image content. The site has a live editor, allowing you check out the [API][16] behind [Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD)][24]. - -#### 3\. Open Data - -![][25] - -In [our first science article][3], we shared with you the various open data models of three countries mentioned under the “Open Science” section, namely, France, India and the U.S. NASA also has a similar approach towards the same idea. This is a very important ideology that is being adopted by [many countries][26]. - -[NASA’s Open Data Portal][27] focuses on openness by having an ever-growing catalog of data, available for anyone to access freely. The inclusion of datasets within this collection is an essential and radical step towards the development of research of any kind. NASA have even taken a fantastic initiative to ask for dataset suggestions for submission on their portal and that’s really very innovative, considering the growing trends of [data science][28], [AI and deep learning][29]. - -The following video shows students and scientists coming up with their own definitions of Data Science based on their personal experience and research. That is really encouraging! [Dr. Murtaza Haider][30], Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, mentions the difference Open Source is making in the field of Data Science before the video ends. He explains in very simple terms, how development models transitioned from a closed source approach to an open one. The vision has proved to be sufficiently true enough in today’s time. - -![][31] - -Now anyone can suggest a dataset of any kind on NASA. Coming back to the video above, NASA’s initiative can be related so much with submitting datasets and working on analyzing them for better Data Science! - -![][32] - -You just need to signup for free. This initiative will have a very positive effect in the future, considering open discussions on the public forum and the significance of datasets in every type of analytical field that could exist. Statistical studies will also significantly improve for sure. We will talk about these concepts in detail in a future article and also about their relativeness to an open source model. - -So thus concludes an exploration into NASA’s open science model. See you soon in another open science article! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/nasa-open-science/ - -作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/ -[1]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/tux-in-space.jpg -[2]:https://itsfoss.com/category/science/ -[3]:https://itsfoss.com/open-source-impact-on-science/ -[4]:https://www.nasa.gov/ -[5]:https://futurism.com/free-science-nasa-just-opened-its-entire-research-library-to-the-public/ -[6]:http://chriswanstrath.com/ -[7]:https://github.com/ -[8]:http://code.nasa.gov -[9]:https://github.com/open-source -[10]:https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html -[11]:https://www.space.com/16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html -[12]:https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/armstrong-na.html -[13]:https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/aldrin-b.html -[14]:https://buzzaldrin.com/the-man/ -[15]:https://itsfoss.com/open-source-licenses-explained/ -[16]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface -[17]:https://opensource.org/ -[18]:https://www.openapis.org/ -[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/api-bridge.jpeg -[20]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/open-api-diagram.jpg -[21]:http://www.apiacademy.co/resources/api-strategy-lesson-201-private-apis-vs-open-apis/ -[22]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/nasa-open-api-live-example.jpg -[23]:https://api.nasa.gov/ -[24]:https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html -[25]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/nasa-open-data-portal.jpg -[26]:https://www.xbrl.org/the-standard/why/ten-countries-with-open-data/ -[27]:https://data.nasa.gov/ -[28]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science -[29]:https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/07/ai-deep-learning-explained-simply.html -[30]:https://www.ryerson.ca/tedrogersschool/bm/programs/real-estate-management/murtaza-haider/ -[31]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/suggest-dataset-nasa-1.jpg -[32]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/suggest-dataset-nasa-2-1.jpg diff --git a/translated/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md b/translated/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6bc8f4204d48 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/talk/20180328 What NASA Has Been Doing About Open Science.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +当 NASA 开始应用开放科学 +====== +![][1] + +最近我们刚为 NASA 在它的自由开源软件上新开放了[科学][2]板块。其中发表的最新一篇文章名为：[开源手段是怎样影响科学的][3]。在这篇文章中我们主要讨论的是 [NASA][4] 在鼓励使用开源工具之后，是怎样在大量的科研机构潮流中保持自身的动态角色，实现快速发展的。 + +### NASA 是怎样使用开源手段促进科学研究的 + +NASA 将他们的整个研究库对整个公共域开放，这是一项[壮举][5]。 + +没错！每个人都能访问他们的研究库，并能从他们的研究中获益。 + +他们现已开放的资料可以大致分为一下三类： + + * 开放的 NASA 资源 + * 开放的应用程序编程接口 + * 开放的资料 + + + +#### 1\.开放的 NASA 资源 + +采访 [GitHub][7] 的联合创始人之一和执行总裁 [Chris Wanstrath][6] 时，他向我们介绍道，一切都是从很多年前开始的。 + +NASA 的账号叫做 “[code.nasa.gov][8]“, 截至现在为止，NASA 已经[通过 GitHub 开放][9]了365个科学软件，对于一位热爱程序的开发者来说，即使一天研究一个软件，想把NASA的这些软件全部研究过来也要整整一年的时间。 + +即使你不是一位开发者，你也可以在入口网站浏览这些壮观软件合集的统计列表。 + +其中就有[阿波罗11号][10]的制导计算机的源代码。阿波罗11号空间飞行器[首次将两名人类带上月球][11]，分别是 [Neil Armstrong][12] 和 [Edwin Aldrin][13] 。如果你对 Edwin Aldrin 感兴趣，可以点击[这里][14]了解更多。 + +##### NASA 开源代码促进会使用的开源代码许可： + +这里有几种[开源代码许可][15]，其分类如下： + +#### 2\.开放的应用程序编程接口（API） + +开放的[应用程序设计接口][16]或者应用程序编程接口在推行开源技术中起到了很大作用。与[开源代码促进会][17]类似，开放的应用程序编程接口有它们的[开放平台促进会][18]。下面这张示意图可以告诉你 API 是怎样将应用程序和它的开发者连接起来的。 + +![][19] + +记得点击图片上面的链接看看。链接内的文章使用了简单易懂的方法解读 API ，文末将 API 总结为五种架构。 + +![][20] + +这让人忍不住想象由专有 API 变成开放 API 会有多么大的不同。 + +![][22] + +[NASA 的开放 API][23] 主要针对应用程序开发者，大大提高了包括图片内容在内的数据可及性，这是前所未有的。网站设有活动编辑器，为需要查阅[每日天文一图][24]板块 [API][16] 的用户们授权。 + +#### 3\.开放的资料 + +![][25] + +在[我们发布的第一篇科学文章][3]中，我们介绍了“开放科学”板块下提到的三个国家——法国，印度和美国的多种开放资料形式。NASA 有着类似的想法和行为。这种意识形态已经被[多个国家][26]所接受。 + +[NASA 的开放数据门户][27]致力于不断扩大的可供大众使用的开放数据目录。这个数据集的内容对于任何研究活动来说都是必要且重要的。NASA 还在他们的门户网站上征集各方的数据，以一同收录在他们的数据库中。这一行为不仅是领先的，创新的，还顺应了[数据科学][28]和 [AI 深度学习][29]的趋势。 + +下面的视频讲的是学者和学生们是怎样通过大量研究得出对数据科学的定义的。这个过程十分的激动人心。瑞尔森大学罗杰斯商学院的 [Murtaza Haider 教授][30]在视频中提到了开源的出现对数据科学的改变，尤其让是旧有的封闭发展模式逐渐变得开放。而这也确实成为了现实。 + +![][31] + +现在任何人都能在 NASA 上提交数据。正如视频中所说， NASA 的领先方案很大程度上与征集和分析优化数据有关。 + +![][32] + +你只需要进行免费注册。考虑到论坛上的公开讨论走向和在任何统计分析环境下都能运行的数据集，这个方案在未来会有非常积极的影响，对数据的统计分析当然也会大幅进展。在之后的文章中我们还会具体讨论这些细节，还有他们和开源模式之间的相关性。 + +以上就是对 NASA 开放科学模式的一些探索成就，希望您能继续关注我们接下来的相关文章！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/nasa-open-science/ + +作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a] +译者：[Valoniakim](https://github.com/Valoniakim) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/ +[1]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/tux-in-space.jpg +[2]:https://itsfoss.com/category/science/ +[3]:https://itsfoss.com/open-source-impact-on-science/ +[4]:https://www.nasa.gov/ +[5]:https://futurism.com/free-science-nasa-just-opened-its-entire-research-library-to-the-public/ +[6]:http://chriswanstrath.com/ +[7]:https://github.com/ +[8]:http://code.nasa.gov +[9]:https://github.com/open-source +[10]:https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html +[11]:https://www.space.com/16758-apollo-11-first-moon-landing.html +[12]:https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/armstrong-na.html +[13]:https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/aldrin-b.html +[14]:https://buzzaldrin.com/the-man/ +[15]:https://itsfoss.com/open-source-licenses-explained/ +[16]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface +[17]:https://opensource.org/ +[18]:https://www.openapis.org/ +[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/api-bridge.jpeg +[20]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/open-api-diagram.jpg +[21]:http://www.apiacademy.co/resources/api-strategy-lesson-201-private-apis-vs-open-apis/ +[22]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/nasa-open-api-live-example.jpg +[23]:https://api.nasa.gov/ +[24]:https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html +[25]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/nasa-open-data-portal.jpg +[26]:https://www.xbrl.org/the-standard/why/ten-countries-with-open-data/ +[27]:https://data.nasa.gov/ +[28]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science +[29]:https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/07/ai-deep-learning-explained-simply.html +[30]:https://www.ryerson.ca/tedrogersschool/bm/programs/real-estate-management/murtaza-haider/ +[31]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/suggest-dataset-nasa-1.jpg +[32]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/suggest-dataset-nasa-2-1.jpg