[ci] check dynamic symbol versions at CI side

[StrikerRUS]

Closed #1795.

Versioning

• GLIBC: https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Glibc%20Timeline;
• GLIBCXX: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html (History 4 section);
• GOMP: cannot find.

Should any other deps be checked?

[StrikerRUS]

Please ignore Travis docs test failure:

URL        `https://github.com/Microsoft/LightGBM/blob/master/helpers/parameter_generator.py'
Name       `this script'
Parent URL file:///home/travis/build/Microsoft/LightGBM/docs/_build/html/README.html, line 164, col 4
Real URL   https://github.com/Microsoft/LightGBM/blob/master/helpers/parameter_generator.py
Check time 0.414 seconds
Result     Error: 404 Not Found

I renamed helper -> helpers folder. It'll be OK after merging into master.