diff --git a/atomic_physics/common.py b/atomic_physics/common.py
index fd7c339..5c4e54b 100644
--- a/atomic_physics/common.py
+++ b/atomic_physics/common.py
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ def I0(self, transition: Transition):
         trans = self.transitions[transition]
         omega = trans.freq
         Gamma = self.GammaJ[self.levels[trans.upper]._start_ind]
-        return consts.hbar * (omega ** 3) * Gamma / (6 * np.pi * (consts.c ** 2))
+        return consts.hbar * (omega**3) * Gamma / (6 * np.pi * (consts.c**2))
 
     def P0(self, transition: Transition, w0: float):
         """Returns the power needed at the focus of a Guassian beam with waist
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ def P0(self, transition: Transition, w0: float):
         :return: beam power (W)
         """
         I0 = self.I0(transition)
-        return 0.5 * np.pi * (w0 ** 2) * I0
+        return 0.5 * np.pi * (w0**2) * I0
 
     def _sort_levels(self):
         """Use the transition data to sort the atomic levels in order of
diff --git a/atomic_physics/tests/test_rates.py b/atomic_physics/tests/test_rates.py
index 930ee11..36fe1dd 100644
--- a/atomic_physics/tests/test_rates.py
+++ b/atomic_physics/tests/test_rates.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def test_steady_state_detuning(self):
         # detuning scan relative to linewidth
         norm_detuning = [-1e4, 2.3e1, 2, -4, 0.5, 0]
         for det in norm_detuning:
-            I_eff = 1 / (4 * det ** 2 + 1)
+            I_eff = 1 / (4 * det**2 + 1)
             Np_ss = _steady_state_population(I_eff)
 
             Lasers = [ap.Laser("393", q=+1, I=1.0, delta=delta + line_width * det)]
diff --git a/atomic_physics/utils.py b/atomic_physics/utils.py
index 1e45475..f2681c1 100644
--- a/atomic_physics/utils.py
+++ b/atomic_physics/utils.py
@@ -117,5 +117,5 @@ def ac_zeeman_shift(atom: ap.Atom, state: int, f_RF: float):
         for _state in np.argwhere(M[state] == Mpr):
             freq = E[_state] - E[state]
             w = rabi[state, _state][0]
-            acz[q + 1] += 0.5 * w ** 2 * (freq / (freq ** 2 - (f_RF) ** 2))
+            acz[q + 1] += 0.5 * w**2 * (freq / (freq**2 - (f_RF) ** 2))
     return acz