diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7a4098a25b..31a8fd5575 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1480,6 +1480,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "oxc",
  "rolldown_error",
+ "rustc-hash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/common/case.rs b/crates/rolldown/tests/common/case.rs
index 5fd1bfd2f4..6e9299c82e 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/common/case.rs
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/common/case.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use super::fixture::Fixture;
 use rolldown::RolldownOutput;
 use rolldown_common::Output;
 use rolldown_error::BuildError;
+use rolldown_sourcemap::SourcemapVisualizer;
 
 pub struct Case {
   fixture: Fixture,
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ impl Case {
     assets.sort_by_key(|c| c.file_name().to_string());
     let artifacts = assets
       .iter()
-      .filter(|asset| !asset.file_name().contains("$runtime$"))
+      .filter(|asset| !asset.file_name().contains("$runtime$") && matches!(asset, Output::Chunk(_)))
       .flat_map(|asset| {
         [
           Cow::Owned(format!("## {}\n", asset.file_name())),
@@ -82,14 +83,18 @@ impl Case {
     self.snapshot.push_str(&artifacts);
 
     if self.fixture.test_config().snapshot_output_stats {
-      self.render_stats_to_snapshot(assets);
+      self.render_stats_to_snapshot(&assets);
+    }
+
+    if self.fixture.test_config().sourcemap {
+      self.render_sourcemap_visualizer_to_snapshot(&assets);
     }
   }
 
-  fn render_stats_to_snapshot(&mut self, assets: Vec<Output>) {
+  fn render_stats_to_snapshot(&mut self, assets: &[Output]) {
     self.snapshot.push_str("\n\n## Output Stats\n\n");
     let stats = assets
-      .into_iter()
+      .iter()
       .flat_map(|asset| match asset {
         Output::Chunk(chunk) => {
           vec![Cow::Owned(format!(
@@ -123,6 +128,23 @@ impl Case {
     self.snapshot.push_str(&rendered);
   }
 
+  fn render_sourcemap_visualizer_to_snapshot(&mut self, assets: &[Output]) {
+    self.snapshot.push_str("\n\n# Sourcemap Visualizer\n\n");
+    let visualizer_result = assets
+      .iter()
+      .filter(|asset| !asset.file_name().contains("$runtime$"))
+      .filter_map(|asset| match asset {
+        Output::Chunk(chunk) => chunk
+          .map
+          .as_ref()
+          .map(|sourcemap| SourcemapVisualizer::new(&chunk.code, sourcemap).into_visualizer_text()),
+        Output::Asset(_) => None,
+      })
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+      .join("\n");
+    self.snapshot.push_str(&visualizer_result);
+  }
+
   fn make_snapshot(&self) {
     // Configure insta to use the fixture path as the snapshot path
     let fixture_folder = self.fixture.dir_path();
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/common/fixture.rs b/crates/rolldown/tests/common/fixture.rs
index 31c7419643..0a0eab625a 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/common/fixture.rs
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/common/fixture.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::{
   process::Command,
 };
 
-use rolldown::{Bundler, External, InputOptions, OutputOptions, RolldownOutput};
+use rolldown::{Bundler, External, InputOptions, OutputOptions, RolldownOutput, SourceMapType};
 use rolldown_error::BuildError;
 use rolldown_testing::TestConfig;
 
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ impl Fixture {
       OutputOptions {
         entry_file_names: "[name].mjs".to_string().into(),
         chunk_file_names: "[name].mjs".to_string().into(),
+        sourcemap: test_config.sourcemap.then_some(SourceMapType::File),
         ..Default::default()
       },
     );
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/artifacts.snap
index 4f97678b39..bbb7a7ff21 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/artifacts.snap
@@ -14,4 +14,22 @@ const a = 'shared.js';
 // main.js
 const a$1 = 'index.js';
 console.log(a$1, a);
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- shared.js
+(0:0-0:6) "const " --> (2:0-2:6) "\nconst"
+(0:6-0:10) "a = " --> (2:6-2:10) " a ="
+(0:10-2:13) "'shared.js'\n\nexport { a }" --> (2:10-5:0) " 'shared.js';\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(1:0-1:6) "\nconst" --> (5:0-5:6) "\nconst"
+(1:6-1:10) " a =" --> (5:6-5:12) " a$1 ="
+(1:10-2:0) " 'index.js'" --> (5:12-6:0) " 'index.js';"
+(2:0-2:8) "\nconsole" --> (6:0-6:8) "\nconsole"
+(2:8-2:12) ".log" --> (6:8-6:12) ".log"
+(2:12-2:15) "(a," --> (6:12-6:17) "(a$1,"
+(2:15-2:18) " a2" --> (6:17-6:19) " a"
+(2:18-3:1) ")\n" --> (6:19-8:34) ");\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/test.config.json
index 9e26dfeeb6..b1d378a7fb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/basic/test.config.json
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-{}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+    "sourcemap": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/artifacts.snap
index 12967c9539..a09b32d696 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/artifacts.snap
@@ -19,4 +19,39 @@ function foo(a$1$1) {
 	return [a$1$1, a$1, a];
 }
 assert.deepEqual(foo('foo'), ['foo', 'main.js', 'a.js']);
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- a.js
+(0:0-0:6) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:6-0:10) "a = " --> (3:6-3:10) " a ="
+(0:10-3:1) "'a.js'\n\nexport { a }\n" --> (3:10-6:0) " 'a.js';\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(2:0-2:6) "\nconst" --> (6:0-6:6) "\nconst"
+(2:6-2:10) " a =" --> (6:6-6:12) " a$1 ="
+(2:10-5:0) " 'main.js'\n\n" --> (6:12-7:0) " 'main.js';"
+(5:0-5:9) "\nfunction" --> (7:0-7:9) "\nfunction"
+(5:9-5:13) " foo" --> (7:9-7:13) " foo"
+(5:13-5:18) "(a$1)" --> (7:13-7:20) "(a$1$1)"
+(5:18-6:2) " {\n " --> (7:20-8:0) " {"
+(6:2-6:9) " return" --> (8:0-8:8) "\n\treturn"
+(6:9-6:10) " " --> (8:8-8:9) " "
+(6:10-6:15) "[a$1," --> (8:9-8:16) "[a$1$1,"
+(6:15-6:18) " a," --> (8:16-8:21) " a$1,"
+(6:18-6:22) " aJs" --> (8:21-8:23) " a"
+(6:22-7:1) "]\n" --> (8:23-9:0) "];"
+(7:1-9:0) "}\n" --> (9:0-10:0) "\n}"
+(9:0-9:7) "\nassert" --> (10:0-10:7) "\nassert"
+(9:7-9:17) ".deepEqual" --> (10:7-10:17) ".deepEqual"
+(9:17-9:21) "(foo" --> (10:17-10:21) "(foo"
+(9:21-9:27) "('foo'" --> (10:21-10:27) "('foo'"
+(9:27-9:29) ")," --> (10:27-10:29) "),"
+(9:29-9:30) " " --> (10:29-10:30) " "
+(9:30-9:37) "['foo'," --> (10:30-10:37) "['foo',"
+(9:37-9:48) " 'main.js'," --> (10:37-10:48) " 'main.js',"
+(9:48-9:55) " 'a.js'" --> (10:48-10:55) " 'a.js'"
+(9:55-9:56) "]" --> (10:55-10:56) "]"
+(9:56-10:1) ")\n" --> (10:56-12:34) ");\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/test.config.json
index 229e6f23e5..c6d9fb070f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/basic_scoped/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
         "external": [
             "assert"
         ]
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/artifacts.snap
index 0df38709a3..b9787863e2 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/artifacts.snap
@@ -34,4 +34,143 @@ assert.deepStrictEqual(ret.names, ['a2', 'b2', 'c2', 'd2', 'e2']);
 assert.deepStrictEqual(ret.params, ['a$1', 'b$1', 'c$1', 'd$1', 'e$1']);
 
 export { a$1 as a, b$1 as b, c$1 as c, d$1 as d, e$1 as e };
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- names.js
+(0:7-0:13) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:13-0:14) "[" --> (3:6-3:7) " "
+(0:14-0:17) "a, " --> (3:7-3:9) "[a"
+(0:17-0:20) "b, " --> (3:9-3:11) ",b"
+(0:20-0:23) "c, " --> (3:11-3:13) ",c"
+(0:23-0:26) "d, " --> (3:13-3:15) ",d"
+(0:26-0:28) "e]" --> (3:15-3:17) ",e"
+(0:28-0:31) " = " --> (3:17-3:20) "] ="
+(0:31-0:32) "[" --> (3:20-3:21) " "
+(0:32-0:38) "'a2', " --> (3:21-3:27) "['a2',"
+(0:38-0:44) "'b2', " --> (3:27-3:33) " 'b2',"
+(0:44-0:50) "'c2', " --> (3:33-3:39) " 'c2',"
+(0:50-0:56) "'d2', " --> (3:39-3:45) " 'd2',"
+(0:56-0:61) "'e2']" --> (3:45-3:50) " 'e2'"
+(0:61-1:1) "\n" --> (3:50-6:0) "];\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(9:7-9:13) " const" --> (6:0-6:6) "\nconst"
+(9:13-9:14) " " --> (6:6-6:7) " "
+(9:14-9:17) "[a," --> (6:7-6:11) "[a$1"
+(9:17-9:20) " b," --> (6:11-6:15) ",b$1"
+(9:20-9:23) " c," --> (6:15-6:19) ",c$1"
+(9:23-9:26) " d," --> (6:19-6:23) ",d$1"
+(9:26-9:28) " e" --> (6:23-6:27) ",e$1"
+(9:28-9:31) "] =" --> (6:27-6:30) "] ="
+(9:31-9:32) " " --> (6:30-6:31) " "
+(9:32-9:37) "['a'," --> (6:31-6:36) "['a',"
+(9:37-9:42) " 'b'," --> (6:36-6:41) " 'b',"
+(9:42-9:47) " 'c'," --> (6:41-6:46) " 'c',"
+(9:47-9:52) " 'd'," --> (6:46-6:51) " 'd',"
+(9:52-9:56) " 'e'" --> (6:51-6:55) " 'e'"
+(9:56-11:0) "]\n" --> (6:55-7:0) "];"
+(11:0-11:9) "\nfunction" --> (7:0-7:9) "\nfunction"
+(11:9-11:13) " foo" --> (7:9-7:13) " foo"
+(11:13-11:18) "(a$1," --> (7:13-7:20) "(a$1$1,"
+(11:18-11:20) " {" --> (7:20-7:21) " "
+(11:20-11:25) " b$1 " --> (7:21-7:31) "{b$1:b$1$1"
+(11:25-11:27) "}," --> (7:31-7:33) "},"
+(11:27-11:29) " {" --> (7:33-7:34) " "
+(11:29-11:35) " c$1 =" --> (7:34-7:44) "{c$1:c$1$1"
+(11:35-11:42) " 'c$1' " --> (7:44-7:50) "='c$1'"
+(11:42-11:44) "}," --> (7:50-7:52) "},"
+(11:44-11:46) " {" --> (7:52-7:53) " "
+(11:46-11:51) " d$1 " --> (7:53-7:63) "{d$1:d$1$1"
+(11:51-11:54) "} =" --> (7:63-7:64) "}"
+(11:54-11:56) " {" --> (7:64-8:1) "={\n"
+(11:56-11:61) " d$1:" --> (8:1-8:5) "\td$1"
+(11:61-11:68) " 'd$1' " --> (8:5-9:1) ":'d$1'\n"
+(11:68-11:70) "}," --> (9:1-9:3) "},"
+(11:70-11:72) " {" --> (9:3-9:4) " "
+(11:72-11:78) " e$1 =" --> (9:4-9:14) "{e$1:e$1$1"
+(11:78-11:82) " '' " --> (9:14-9:17) "=''"
+(11:82-11:85) "} =" --> (9:17-9:18) "}"
+(11:85-11:87) " {" --> (9:18-10:1) "={\n"
+(11:87-11:92) " e$1:" --> (10:1-10:5) "\te$1"
+(11:92-11:99) " 'e$1' " --> (10:5-11:1) ":'e$1'\n"
+(11:99-11:101) "})" --> (11:1-11:3) "})"
+(11:101-12:2) " {\n " --> (11:3-12:0) " {"
+(12:2-12:9) " return" --> (12:0-12:8) "\n\treturn"
+(12:9-13:4) " {\n   " --> (12:8-13:2) " {\n\t"
+(13:4-13:10) " main:" --> (13:2-13:7) "\tmain"
+(13:10-13:11) " " --> (13:7-13:8) ":"
+(13:11-13:14) "[a," --> (13:8-13:13) "[a$1,"
+(13:14-13:17) " b," --> (13:13-13:18) " b$1,"
+(13:17-13:20) " c," --> (13:18-13:23) " c$1,"
+(13:20-13:23) " d," --> (13:23-13:28) " d$1,"
+(13:23-13:25) " e" --> (13:28-13:32) " e$1"
+(13:25-14:4) "],\n   " --> (13:32-14:2) "],\n\t"
+(14:4-14:11) " names:" --> (14:2-14:8) "\tnames"
+(14:11-14:12) " " --> (14:8-14:9) ":"
+(14:12-14:16) "[a2," --> (14:9-14:12) "[a,"
+(14:16-14:20) " b2," --> (14:12-14:15) " b,"
+(14:20-14:24) " c2," --> (14:15-14:18) " c,"
+(14:24-14:28) " d2," --> (14:18-14:21) " d,"
+(14:28-14:31) " e2" --> (14:21-14:23) " e"
+(14:31-15:4) "],\n   " --> (14:23-15:2) "],\n\t"
+(15:4-15:12) " params:" --> (15:2-15:9) "\tparams"
+(15:12-15:13) " " --> (15:9-15:10) ":"
+(15:13-15:18) "[a$1," --> (15:10-15:17) "[a$1$1,"
+(15:18-15:23) " b$1," --> (15:17-15:24) " b$1$1,"
+(15:23-15:28) " c$1," --> (15:24-15:31) " c$1$1,"
+(15:28-15:33) " d$1," --> (15:31-15:38) " d$1$1,"
+(15:33-15:37) " e$1" --> (15:38-15:44) " e$1$1"
+(15:37-16:3) "],\n  " --> (15:44-16:2) "]\n\t"
+(16:3-17:1) "}\n" --> (16:2-17:0) "};"
+(17:1-19:0) "}\n" --> (17:0-18:0) "\n}"
+(19:0-19:6) "\nconst" --> (18:0-18:6) "\nconst"
+(19:6-19:12) " ret =" --> (18:6-18:12) " ret ="
+(19:12-19:16) " foo" --> (18:12-18:16) " foo"
+(19:16-19:23) "('a$1'," --> (18:16-18:23) "('a$1',"
+(19:23-19:25) " {" --> (18:23-19:1) " {\n"
+(19:25-19:30) " b$1:" --> (19:1-19:5) "\tb$1"
+(19:30-19:37) " 'b$1' " --> (19:5-20:1) ":'b$1'\n"
+(19:37-19:39) "}," --> (20:1-20:3) "},"
+(19:39-19:41) " {" --> (20:3-20:5) " {"
+(19:41-19:43) "}," --> (20:5-20:7) "},"
+(19:43-19:54) " undefined," --> (20:7-20:18) " undefined,"
+(19:54-19:64) " undefined" --> (20:18-20:28) " undefined"
+(19:64-20:0) ")" --> (20:28-21:0) ");"
+(20:0-20:7) "\nassert" --> (21:0-21:7) "\nassert"
+(20:7-20:23) ".deepStrictEqual" --> (21:7-21:23) ".deepStrictEqual"
+(20:23-20:27) "(ret" --> (21:23-21:27) "(ret"
+(20:27-20:33) ".main," --> (21:27-21:33) ".main,"
+(20:33-20:34) " " --> (21:33-21:34) " "
+(20:34-20:39) "['a'," --> (21:34-21:39) "['a',"
+(20:39-20:44) " 'b'," --> (21:39-21:44) " 'b',"
+(20:44-20:49) " 'c'," --> (21:44-21:49) " 'c',"
+(20:49-20:54) " 'd'," --> (21:49-21:54) " 'd',"
+(20:54-20:58) " 'e'" --> (21:54-21:58) " 'e'"
+(20:58-20:59) "]" --> (21:58-21:59) "]"
+(20:59-21:0) ")" --> (21:59-22:0) ");"
+(21:0-21:7) "\nassert" --> (22:0-22:7) "\nassert"
+(21:7-21:23) ".deepStrictEqual" --> (22:7-22:23) ".deepStrictEqual"
+(21:23-21:27) "(ret" --> (22:23-22:27) "(ret"
+(21:27-21:34) ".names," --> (22:27-22:34) ".names,"
+(21:34-21:35) " " --> (22:34-22:35) " "
+(21:35-21:41) "['a2'," --> (22:35-22:41) "['a2',"
+(21:41-21:47) " 'b2'," --> (22:41-22:47) " 'b2',"
+(21:47-21:53) " 'c2'," --> (22:47-22:53) " 'c2',"
+(21:53-21:59) " 'd2'," --> (22:53-22:59) " 'd2',"
+(21:59-21:64) " 'e2'" --> (22:59-22:64) " 'e2'"
+(21:64-21:65) "]" --> (22:64-22:65) "]"
+(21:65-22:0) ")" --> (22:65-23:0) ");"
+(22:0-22:7) "\nassert" --> (23:0-23:7) "\nassert"
+(22:7-22:23) ".deepStrictEqual" --> (23:7-23:23) ".deepStrictEqual"
+(22:23-22:27) "(ret" --> (23:23-23:27) "(ret"
+(22:27-22:35) ".params," --> (23:27-23:35) ".params,"
+(22:35-22:36) " " --> (23:35-23:36) " "
+(22:36-22:43) "['a$1'," --> (23:36-23:43) "['a$1',"
+(22:43-22:50) " 'b$1'," --> (23:43-23:50) " 'b$1',"
+(22:50-22:57) " 'c$1'," --> (23:50-23:57) " 'c$1',"
+(22:57-22:64) " 'd$1'," --> (23:57-23:64) " 'd$1',"
+(22:64-22:70) " 'e$1'" --> (23:64-23:70) " 'e$1'"
+(22:70-22:71) "]" --> (23:70-23:71) "]"
+(22:71-23:1) ")\n" --> (23:71-26:34) ");\n\nexport { a$1 as a, b$1 as b, c$1 as c, d$1 as d, e$1 as e };\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/test.config.json
index 229e6f23e5..c6d9fb070f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/complex_params_patterns/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
         "external": [
             "assert"
         ]
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/artifacts.snap
index defea38857..8a17551bb7 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/artifacts.snap
@@ -51,4 +51,146 @@ assert.equal(e$1, 'e1');
 assert.equal(e, 'e2');
 
 export { a$1 as a, a as a2, b$1 as b, b as b2, c$1 as c, c as c2, d$1 as d, d as d2, e$1 as e, e as e2 };
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- names.js
+(0:7-0:13) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:13-0:14) "[" --> (3:6-3:7) " "
+(0:14-0:16) "a]" --> (3:7-3:9) "[a"
+(0:16-0:19) " = " --> (3:9-3:12) "] ="
+(0:19-0:20) "[" --> (3:12-3:13) " "
+(0:20-0:25) "'a2']" --> (3:13-3:18) "['a2'"
+(0:25-1:7) "\nexport" --> (3:18-4:0) "];"
+(1:7-1:13) " const" --> (4:0-4:6) "\nconst"
+(1:13-1:15) " {" --> (4:6-4:7) " "
+(1:15-1:18) " b " --> (4:7-4:9) "{b"
+(1:18-1:21) "} =" --> (4:9-4:12) "} ="
+(1:21-1:23) " {" --> (4:12-5:1) " {\n"
+(1:23-1:26) " b:" --> (5:1-5:3) "\tb"
+(1:26-1:32) " 'b2' " --> (5:3-6:1) ":'b2'\n"
+(1:32-2:7) "}\nexport" --> (6:1-7:0) "};"
+(2:7-2:13) " const" --> (7:0-7:6) "\nconst"
+(2:13-2:15) " {" --> (7:6-7:7) " "
+(2:15-2:18) " b:" --> (7:7-7:9) "{b"
+(2:18-2:21) " c " --> (7:9-7:11) ":c"
+(2:21-2:24) "} =" --> (7:11-7:14) "} ="
+(2:24-2:26) " {" --> (7:14-8:1) " {\n"
+(2:26-2:29) " b:" --> (8:1-8:3) "\tb"
+(2:29-2:35) " 'c2' " --> (8:3-9:1) ":'c2'\n"
+(2:35-3:7) "}\nexport" --> (9:1-10:0) "};"
+(3:7-3:13) " const" --> (10:0-10:6) "\nconst"
+(3:13-3:15) " {" --> (10:6-10:7) " "
+(3:15-3:19) " d =" --> (10:7-10:9) "{d"
+(3:19-3:23) " '' " --> (10:9-10:12) "=''"
+(3:23-3:26) "} =" --> (10:12-10:15) "} ="
+(3:26-3:28) " {" --> (10:15-11:1) " {\n"
+(3:28-3:31) " d:" --> (11:1-11:3) "\td"
+(3:31-3:37) " 'd2' " --> (11:3-12:1) ":'d2'\n"
+(3:37-4:7) "}\nexport" --> (12:1-13:0) "};"
+(4:7-4:13) " const" --> (13:0-13:6) "\nconst"
+(4:13-4:15) " {" --> (13:6-13:7) " "
+(4:15-4:18) " d:" --> (13:7-13:9) "{d"
+(4:18-4:22) " e =" --> (13:9-13:11) ":e"
+(4:22-4:26) " '' " --> (13:11-13:14) "=''"
+(4:26-4:29) "} =" --> (13:14-13:17) "} ="
+(4:29-4:31) " {" --> (13:17-14:1) " {\n"
+(4:31-4:34) " d:" --> (14:1-14:3) "\td"
+(4:34-4:40) " 'e2' " --> (14:3-15:1) ":'e2'\n"
+(4:40-6:1) "}\n\n" --> (15:1-18:0) "};\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(2:7-2:13) " const" --> (18:0-18:6) "\nconst"
+(2:13-2:14) " " --> (18:6-18:7) " "
+(2:14-2:16) "[a" --> (18:7-18:11) "[a$1"
+(2:16-2:19) "] =" --> (18:11-18:14) "] ="
+(2:19-2:20) " " --> (18:14-18:15) " "
+(2:20-2:25) "['a1'" --> (18:15-18:20) "['a1'"
+(2:25-3:7) "]\nexport" --> (18:20-19:0) "];"
+(3:7-3:13) " const" --> (19:0-19:6) "\nconst"
+(3:13-3:15) " {" --> (19:6-19:7) " "
+(3:15-3:18) " b " --> (19:7-19:13) "{b:b$1"
+(3:18-3:21) "} =" --> (19:13-19:16) "} ="
+(3:21-3:23) " {" --> (19:16-20:1) " {\n"
+(3:23-3:26) " b:" --> (20:1-20:3) "\tb"
+(3:26-3:32) " 'b1' " --> (20:3-21:1) ":'b1'\n"
+(3:32-4:7) "}\nexport" --> (21:1-22:0) "};"
+(4:7-4:13) " const" --> (22:0-22:6) "\nconst"
+(4:13-4:15) " {" --> (22:6-22:7) " "
+(4:15-4:18) " b:" --> (22:7-22:9) "{b"
+(4:18-4:21) " c " --> (22:9-22:13) ":c$1"
+(4:21-4:24) "} =" --> (22:13-22:16) "} ="
+(4:24-4:26) " {" --> (22:16-23:1) " {\n"
+(4:26-4:29) " b:" --> (23:1-23:3) "\tb"
+(4:29-4:35) " 'c1' " --> (23:3-24:1) ":'c1'\n"
+(4:35-5:7) "}\nexport" --> (24:1-25:0) "};"
+(5:7-5:13) " const" --> (25:0-25:6) "\nconst"
+(5:13-5:15) " {" --> (25:6-25:7) " "
+(5:15-5:19) " d =" --> (25:7-25:13) "{d:d$1"
+(5:19-5:23) " '' " --> (25:13-25:16) "=''"
+(5:23-5:26) "} =" --> (25:16-25:19) "} ="
+(5:26-5:28) " {" --> (25:19-26:1) " {\n"
+(5:28-5:31) " d:" --> (26:1-26:3) "\td"
+(5:31-5:37) " 'd1' " --> (26:3-27:1) ":'d1'\n"
+(5:37-6:7) "}\nexport" --> (27:1-28:0) "};"
+(6:7-6:13) " const" --> (28:0-28:6) "\nconst"
+(6:13-6:15) " {" --> (28:6-28:7) " "
+(6:15-6:18) " d:" --> (28:7-28:9) "{d"
+(6:18-6:22) " e =" --> (28:9-28:13) ":e$1"
+(6:22-6:26) " '' " --> (28:13-28:16) "=''"
+(6:26-6:29) "} =" --> (28:16-28:19) "} ="
+(6:29-6:31) " {" --> (28:19-29:1) " {\n"
+(6:31-6:34) " d:" --> (29:1-29:3) "\td"
+(6:34-6:40) " 'e1' " --> (29:3-30:1) ":'e1'\n"
+(6:40-9:0) "}\nexport { a2, b2, c2, d2, e2 }\n" --> (30:1-31:0) "};"
+(9:0-9:7) "\nassert" --> (31:0-31:7) "\nassert"
+(9:7-9:13) ".equal" --> (31:7-31:13) ".equal"
+(9:13-9:16) "(a," --> (31:13-31:18) "(a$1,"
+(9:16-9:21) " 'a1'" --> (31:18-31:23) " 'a1'"
+(9:21-10:0) ")" --> (31:23-32:0) ");"
+(10:0-10:7) "\nassert" --> (32:0-32:7) "\nassert"
+(10:7-10:13) ".equal" --> (32:7-32:13) ".equal"
+(10:13-10:17) "(a2," --> (32:13-32:16) "(a,"
+(10:17-10:22) " 'a2'" --> (32:16-32:21) " 'a2'"
+(10:22-11:0) ")" --> (32:21-33:0) ");"
+(11:0-11:7) "\nassert" --> (33:0-33:7) "\nassert"
+(11:7-11:13) ".equal" --> (33:7-33:13) ".equal"
+(11:13-11:16) "(b," --> (33:13-33:18) "(b$1,"
+(11:16-11:21) " 'b1'" --> (33:18-33:23) " 'b1'"
+(11:21-12:0) ")" --> (33:23-34:0) ");"
+(12:0-12:7) "\nassert" --> (34:0-34:7) "\nassert"
+(12:7-12:13) ".equal" --> (34:7-34:13) ".equal"
+(12:13-12:17) "(b2," --> (34:13-34:16) "(b,"
+(12:17-12:22) " 'b2'" --> (34:16-34:21) " 'b2'"
+(12:22-13:0) ")" --> (34:21-35:0) ");"
+(13:0-13:7) "\nassert" --> (35:0-35:7) "\nassert"
+(13:7-13:13) ".equal" --> (35:7-35:13) ".equal"
+(13:13-13:16) "(c," --> (35:13-35:18) "(c$1,"
+(13:16-13:21) " 'c1'" --> (35:18-35:23) " 'c1'"
+(13:21-14:0) ")" --> (35:23-36:0) ");"
+(14:0-14:7) "\nassert" --> (36:0-36:7) "\nassert"
+(14:7-14:13) ".equal" --> (36:7-36:13) ".equal"
+(14:13-14:17) "(c2," --> (36:13-36:16) "(c,"
+(14:17-14:22) " 'c2'" --> (36:16-36:21) " 'c2'"
+(14:22-15:0) ")" --> (36:21-37:0) ");"
+(15:0-15:7) "\nassert" --> (37:0-37:7) "\nassert"
+(15:7-15:13) ".equal" --> (37:7-37:13) ".equal"
+(15:13-15:16) "(d," --> (37:13-37:18) "(d$1,"
+(15:16-15:21) " 'd1'" --> (37:18-37:23) " 'd1'"
+(15:21-16:0) ")" --> (37:23-38:0) ");"
+(16:0-16:7) "\nassert" --> (38:0-38:7) "\nassert"
+(16:7-16:13) ".equal" --> (38:7-38:13) ".equal"
+(16:13-16:17) "(d2," --> (38:13-38:16) "(d,"
+(16:17-16:22) " 'd2'" --> (38:16-38:21) " 'd2'"
+(16:22-17:0) ")" --> (38:21-39:0) ");"
+(17:0-17:7) "\nassert" --> (39:0-39:7) "\nassert"
+(17:7-17:13) ".equal" --> (39:7-39:13) ".equal"
+(17:13-17:16) "(e," --> (39:13-39:18) "(e$1,"
+(17:16-17:21) " 'e1'" --> (39:18-39:23) " 'e1'"
+(17:21-18:0) ")" --> (39:23-40:0) ");"
+(18:0-18:7) "\nassert" --> (40:0-40:7) "\nassert"
+(18:7-18:13) ".equal" --> (40:7-40:13) ".equal"
+(18:13-18:17) "(e2," --> (40:13-40:16) "(e,"
+(18:17-18:22) " 'e2'" --> (40:16-40:21) " 'e2'"
+(18:22-20:1) ")\n\n" --> (40:21-43:34) ");\n\nexport { a$1 as a, a as a2, b$1 as b, b as b2, c$1 as c, c as c2, d$1 as d, d as d2, e$1 as e, e as e2 };\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/test.config.json
index 229e6f23e5..c6d9fb070f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_complex_patterns/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
         "external": [
             "assert"
         ]
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/artifacts.snap
index afafe64f53..3aa5bfcc53 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/artifacts.snap
@@ -31,4 +31,70 @@ assert.strictEqual(baz$1, 'baz');
 assert.strictEqual(baz, 'baz2');
 
 export { baz$1 as baz, baz as baz2 };
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- names.js
+(0:7-0:13) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:13-0:15) "{ " --> (3:6-3:7) " "
+(0:15-0:20) "foo: " --> (3:7-3:11) "{foo"
+(0:20-0:22) "{ " --> (3:11-3:12) ":"
+(0:22-0:27) "bar: " --> (3:12-3:16) "{bar"
+(0:27-0:29) "{ " --> (3:16-3:17) ":"
+(0:29-0:35) "baz = " --> (3:17-3:21) "{baz"
+(0:35-0:39) "'' }" --> (3:21-3:24) "=''"
+(0:39-0:42) " = " --> (3:24-3:25) "}"
+(0:42-0:44) "{}" --> (3:25-3:27) "={"
+(0:44-0:46) " }" --> (3:27-3:28) "}"
+(0:46-0:49) " = " --> (3:28-3:29) "}"
+(0:49-0:51) "{}" --> (3:29-3:31) "={"
+(0:51-0:53) " }" --> (3:31-3:32) "}"
+(0:53-0:56) " = " --> (3:32-3:35) "} ="
+(0:56-0:58) "{ " --> (3:35-4:1) " {\n"
+(0:58-0:63) "foo: " --> (4:1-4:5) "\tfoo"
+(0:63-0:65) "{ " --> (4:5-5:2) ":{\n\t"
+(0:65-0:70) "bar: " --> (5:2-5:6) "\tbar"
+(0:70-0:72) "{ " --> (5:6-6:3) ":{\n\t\t"
+(0:72-0:77) "baz: " --> (6:3-6:7) "\tbaz"
+(0:77-0:85) "'baz2' }" --> (6:7-7:3) ":'baz2'\n\t\t"
+(0:85-0:87) " }" --> (7:3-8:2) "}\n\t"
+(0:87-0:89) " }" --> (8:2-9:1) "}\n"
+(0:89-2:1) "\n\n" --> (9:1-12:0) "};\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(2:7-2:13) " const" --> (12:0-12:6) "\nconst"
+(2:13-2:15) " {" --> (12:6-12:7) " "
+(2:15-2:20) " foo:" --> (12:7-12:11) "{foo"
+(2:20-2:22) " {" --> (12:11-12:12) ":"
+(2:22-2:27) " bar:" --> (12:12-12:16) "{bar"
+(2:27-2:29) " {" --> (12:16-12:17) ":"
+(2:29-2:35) " baz =" --> (12:17-12:27) "{baz:baz$1"
+(2:35-2:39) " '' " --> (12:27-12:30) "=''"
+(2:39-2:42) "} =" --> (12:30-12:31) "}"
+(2:42-2:44) " {" --> (12:31-12:33) "={"
+(2:44-2:46) "} " --> (12:33-12:34) "}"
+(2:46-2:49) "} =" --> (12:34-12:35) "}"
+(2:49-2:51) " {" --> (12:35-12:37) "={"
+(2:51-2:53) "} " --> (12:37-12:38) "}"
+(2:53-2:56) "} =" --> (12:38-12:41) "} ="
+(2:56-2:58) " {" --> (12:41-13:1) " {\n"
+(2:58-2:63) " foo:" --> (13:1-13:5) "\tfoo"
+(2:63-2:65) " {" --> (13:5-14:2) ":{\n\t"
+(2:65-2:70) " bar:" --> (14:2-14:6) "\tbar"
+(2:70-2:72) " {" --> (14:6-15:3) ":{\n\t\t"
+(2:72-2:77) " baz:" --> (15:3-15:7) "\tbaz"
+(2:77-2:84) " 'baz' " --> (15:7-16:3) ":'baz'\n\t\t"
+(2:84-2:86) "} " --> (16:3-17:2) "}\n\t"
+(2:86-2:88) "} " --> (17:2-18:1) "}\n"
+(2:88-3:0) "}" --> (18:1-19:0) "};"
+(3:0-3:7) "\nassert" --> (19:0-19:7) "\nassert"
+(3:7-3:19) ".strictEqual" --> (19:7-19:19) ".strictEqual"
+(3:19-3:24) "(baz," --> (19:19-19:26) "(baz$1,"
+(3:24-3:30) " 'baz'" --> (19:26-19:32) " 'baz'"
+(3:30-4:0) ")" --> (19:32-20:0) ");"
+(4:0-4:7) "\nassert" --> (20:0-20:7) "\nassert"
+(4:7-4:19) ".strictEqual" --> (20:7-20:19) ".strictEqual"
+(4:19-4:25) "(baz2," --> (20:19-20:24) "(baz,"
+(4:25-4:32) " 'baz2'" --> (20:24-20:31) " 'baz2'"
+(4:32-7:1) ")\n\nexport { baz, baz2 }\n" --> (20:31-23:34) ");\n\nexport { baz$1 as baz, baz as baz2 };\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/test.config.json
index 229e6f23e5..c6d9fb070f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/decl_nested_assign_pattern/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
         "external": [
             "assert"
         ]
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/artifacts.snap
index ddd12bc2e7..74cc67f56a 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/artifacts.snap
@@ -25,4 +25,42 @@ var bar_default = {
 const a = 2;
 const {foo} = bar_default;
 assert.strictEqual(typeof foo, 'function');
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- foo.js
+(0:0-0:6) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:6-0:10) "a = " --> (3:6-3:12) " a$1 ="
+(0:10-2:15) "1;\n\nexport default" --> (3:12-4:0) " 1;"
+(2:15-2:24) " function" --> (4:0-4:9) "\nfunction"
+(2:24-2:28) " foo" --> (4:9-4:15) " foo$1"
+(2:28-2:33) "(a$1)" --> (4:15-4:22) "(a$1$1)"
+(2:33-3:4) " {\n   " --> (4:22-5:0) " {"
+(3:4-3:12) " console" --> (5:0-5:9) "\n\tconsole"
+(3:12-3:16) ".log" --> (5:9-5:13) ".log"
+(3:16-3:21) "(a$1," --> (5:13-5:20) "(a$1$1,"
+(3:21-3:23) " a" --> (5:20-5:24) " a$1"
+(3:23-4:1) ")\n" --> (5:24-6:0) ");"
+(4:1-4:2) "}" --> (6:0-9:0) "\n}\n\n// bar.js"
+- bar.js
+(0:0-2:15) "import foo from './foo'\n\nexport default" --> (9:0-9:18) "\nvar bar_default ="
+(2:15-2:17) " {" --> (9:18-10:1) " {\n"
+(2:17-2:22) " foo " --> (10:1-11:1) "\tfoo:foo$1\n"
+(2:22-2:23) "}" --> (11:1-14:0) "};\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(3:0-3:6) "\nconst" --> (14:0-14:6) "\nconst"
+(3:6-3:10) " a =" --> (14:6-14:10) " a ="
+(3:10-5:0) " 2; // make foo `a` conflict\n" --> (14:10-15:0) " 2;"
+(5:0-5:6) "\nconst" --> (15:0-15:6) "\nconst"
+(5:6-5:8) " {" --> (15:6-15:7) " "
+(5:8-5:13) " foo " --> (15:7-15:11) "{foo"
+(5:13-5:16) "} =" --> (15:11-15:14) "} ="
+(5:16-7:0) " bar\n" --> (15:14-16:0) " bar_default;"
+(7:0-7:7) "\nassert" --> (16:0-16:7) "\nassert"
+(7:7-7:26) ".strictEqual(typeof" --> (16:7-16:26) ".strictEqual(typeof"
+(7:26-7:31) " foo," --> (16:26-16:31) " foo,"
+(7:31-7:42) " 'function'" --> (16:31-16:42) " 'function'"
+(7:42-7:43) ")" --> (16:42-18:34) ");\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/test.config.json
index 7e20017b94..712eee2623 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/default_function/test.config.json
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
             "assert"
         ],
         "treeshake": false
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/artifacts.snap
index e46471d234..0e92456b3f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/artifacts.snap
@@ -19,4 +19,35 @@ const a$1$1 = 'a$1';
 assert.equal(a, 'shared.js');
 assert.equal(a$1, 'a');
 assert.equal(a$1$1, 'a$1');
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- shared.js
+(0:0-0:6) "const " --> (3:0-3:6) "\nconst"
+(0:6-0:10) "a = " --> (3:6-3:10) " a ="
+(0:10-2:13) "'shared.js'\n\nexport { a }" --> (3:10-6:0) " 'shared.js';\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(2:0-2:6) "\nconst" --> (6:0-6:6) "\nconst"
+(2:6-2:10) " a =" --> (6:6-6:12) " a$1 ="
+(2:10-3:0) " 'a'" --> (6:12-7:0) " 'a';"
+(3:0-3:6) "\nconst" --> (7:0-7:6) "\nconst"
+(3:6-3:12) " a$1 =" --> (7:6-7:14) " a$1$1 ="
+(3:12-5:0) " 'a$1'\n" --> (7:14-8:0) " 'a$1';"
+(5:0-5:7) "\nassert" --> (8:0-8:7) "\nassert"
+(5:7-5:13) ".equal" --> (8:7-8:13) ".equal"
+(5:13-5:17) "(a2," --> (8:13-8:16) "(a,"
+(5:17-5:29) " 'shared.js'" --> (8:16-8:28) " 'shared.js'"
+(5:29-6:0) ")" --> (8:28-9:0) ");"
+(6:0-6:7) "\nassert" --> (9:0-9:7) "\nassert"
+(6:7-6:13) ".equal" --> (9:7-9:13) ".equal"
+(6:13-6:16) "(a," --> (9:13-9:18) "(a$1,"
+(6:16-6:20) " 'a'" --> (9:18-9:22) " 'a'"
+(6:20-7:0) ")" --> (9:22-10:0) ");"
+(7:0-7:7) "\nassert" --> (10:0-10:7) "\nassert"
+(7:7-7:13) ".equal" --> (10:7-10:13) ".equal"
+(7:13-7:18) "(a$1," --> (10:13-10:20) "(a$1$1,"
+(7:18-7:24) " 'a$1'" --> (10:20-10:26) " 'a$1'"
+(7:24-8:1) ")\n" --> (10:26-12:34) ");\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/test.config.json
index e2b37cb841..d0b601e7c3 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/issue_364/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
     "external": [
       "node:assert"
     ]
-  }
+  },
+  "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/reserved_names/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/reserved_names/artifacts.snap
index 5859b2a40a..9f96c9f3eb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/reserved_names/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/reserved_names/artifacts.snap
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 ---
 source: crates/rolldown/tests/common/case.rs
-assertion_line: 135
 expression: content
 input_file: crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/reserved_names
 ---
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/artifacts.snap
index effe2a2463..50258d3ce3 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/artifacts.snap
@@ -35,4 +35,40 @@ const a = 2;
 const {foo} = bar_default;
 assert.strictEqual(typeof foo, 'function');
 init_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- foo.js
+(2:15-2:24) " function" --> (4:0-4:9) "\nfunction"
+(2:24-2:28) " foo" --> (4:9-4:15) " foo$1"
+(2:28-2:33) "(a$1)" --> (4:15-4:22) "(a$1$1)"
+(2:33-3:4) " {\n   " --> (4:22-5:0) " {"
+(3:4-3:12) " console" --> (5:0-5:9) "\n\tconsole"
+(3:12-3:16) ".log" --> (5:9-5:13) ".log"
+(3:16-3:21) "(a$1," --> (5:13-5:20) "(a$1$1,"
+(3:21-3:23) " a" --> (5:20-5:24) " a$1"
+(3:23-4:1) ")\n" --> (5:24-6:0) ");"
+(4:1-4:2) "}" --> (6:0-17:0) "\n}\nvar foo_ns, a$1;\nvar init_foo = __esmMin(() => {\n\tfoo_ns = {};\n\t__export(foo_ns, {\n\t\tdefault:() => foo$1\n\t});\n\ta$1 = 1;\n});\n\n// bar.js"
+- bar.js
+(0:0-2:15) "import foo from './foo'\n\nexport default" --> (17:0-18:18) "\ninit_foo();\nvar bar_default ="
+(2:15-2:17) " {" --> (18:18-19:1) " {\n"
+(2:17-2:22) " foo " --> (19:1-20:1) "\tfoo:foo$1\n"
+(2:22-2:23) "}" --> (20:1-23:0) "};\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(3:0-3:6) "\nconst" --> (23:0-23:6) "\nconst"
+(3:6-3:10) " a =" --> (23:6-23:10) " a ="
+(3:10-5:0) " 2; // make foo `a` conflict\n" --> (23:10-24:0) " 2;"
+(5:0-5:6) "\nconst" --> (24:0-24:6) "\nconst"
+(5:6-5:8) " {" --> (24:6-24:7) " "
+(5:8-5:13) " foo " --> (24:7-24:11) "{foo"
+(5:13-5:16) "} =" --> (24:11-24:14) "} ="
+(5:16-7:0) " bar\n" --> (24:14-25:0) " bar_default;"
+(7:0-7:7) "\nassert" --> (25:0-25:7) "\nassert"
+(7:7-7:26) ".strictEqual(typeof" --> (25:7-25:26) ".strictEqual(typeof"
+(7:26-7:31) " foo," --> (25:26-25:31) " foo,"
+(7:31-7:42) " 'function'" --> (25:31-25:42) " 'function'"
+(7:42-9:0) ")\n" --> (25:42-26:0) ");"
+(9:0-9:17) "\nrequire('./foo')" --> (26:0-28:34) "\ninit_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/test.config.json
index 7e20017b94..712eee2623 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_default_function/test.config.json
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
             "assert"
         ],
         "treeshake": false
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/artifacts.snap
index c463a851c7..8374b1dd4f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/artifacts.snap
@@ -35,4 +35,40 @@ const a = 2;
 const {foo} = bar_default;
 assert.strictEqual(typeof foo, 'function');
 init_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- foo.js
+(2:7-2:16) " function" --> (4:0-4:9) "\nfunction"
+(2:16-2:20) " foo" --> (4:9-4:15) " foo$1"
+(2:20-2:25) "(a$1)" --> (4:15-4:22) "(a$1$1)"
+(2:25-3:4) " {\n   " --> (4:22-5:0) " {"
+(3:4-3:12) " console" --> (5:0-5:9) "\n\tconsole"
+(3:12-3:16) ".log" --> (5:9-5:13) ".log"
+(3:16-3:21) "(a$1," --> (5:13-5:20) "(a$1$1,"
+(3:21-3:23) " a" --> (5:20-5:24) " a$1"
+(3:23-4:1) ")\n" --> (5:24-6:0) ");"
+(4:1-4:2) "}" --> (6:0-17:0) "\n}\nvar foo_ns, a$1;\nvar init_foo = __esmMin(() => {\n\tfoo_ns = {};\n\t__export(foo_ns, {\n\t\tfoo:() => foo$1\n\t});\n\ta$1 = 1;\n});\n\n// bar.js"
+- bar.js
+(0:0-2:15) "import { foo } from './foo'\n\nexport default" --> (17:0-18:18) "\ninit_foo();\nvar bar_default ="
+(2:15-2:17) " {" --> (18:18-19:1) " {\n"
+(2:17-2:22) " foo " --> (19:1-20:1) "\tfoo:foo$1\n"
+(2:22-2:23) "}" --> (20:1-23:0) "};\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(3:0-3:6) "\nconst" --> (23:0-23:6) "\nconst"
+(3:6-3:10) " a =" --> (23:6-23:10) " a ="
+(3:10-5:0) " 2; // make foo `a` conflict\n" --> (23:10-24:0) " 2;"
+(5:0-5:6) "\nconst" --> (24:0-24:6) "\nconst"
+(5:6-5:8) " {" --> (24:6-24:7) " "
+(5:8-5:13) " foo " --> (24:7-24:11) "{foo"
+(5:13-5:16) "} =" --> (24:11-24:14) "} ="
+(5:16-7:0) " bar\n" --> (24:14-25:0) " bar_default;"
+(7:0-7:7) "\nassert" --> (25:0-25:7) "\nassert"
+(7:7-7:26) ".strictEqual(typeof" --> (25:7-25:26) ".strictEqual(typeof"
+(7:26-7:31) " foo," --> (25:26-25:31) " foo,"
+(7:31-7:42) " 'function'" --> (25:31-25:42) " 'function'"
+(7:42-9:0) ")\n" --> (25:42-26:0) ");"
+(9:0-9:17) "\nrequire('./foo')" --> (26:0-28:34) "\ninit_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/test.config.json
index 7e20017b94..712eee2623 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/deconflict/wrapped_esm_export_named_function/test.config.json
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
             "assert"
         ],
         "treeshake": false
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/artifacts.snap
index a5cbc1f6dc..9673e17f9d 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/artifacts.snap
@@ -38,4 +38,33 @@ console.log(import_cjs.a);
 
 // main.js
 var import_esm_import_cjs_export = __toESM(require_esm_import_cjs_export());
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- esm-export-cjs-export.js
+(0:0-0:7) "module." --> (3:0-3:7) "\nmodule"
+(0:7-0:17) "exports = " --> (3:7-3:17) ".exports ="
+(0:17-1:24) "1;\nexport const value = 1;" --> (3:17-6:0) " 1;\n\n// foo.js"
+- foo.js
+(0:0-0:0) "" --> (6:0-10:0) "\nvar require_foo = __commonJSMin((exports, module) => {\n});\n\n// esm-export-cjs-require.js"
+- esm-export-cjs-require.js
+(0:0-1:24) "require('./foo')\nexport const value = 1;" --> (10:0-13:0) "\nrequire_foo();\n\n// esm-import-cjs-export.js"
+- esm-import-cjs-export.js
+(0:0-1:0) "import './foo'" --> (13:0-15:0) "\nvar require_esm_import_cjs_export = __commonJSMin((exports, module) => {\n\tvar import_foo = __toESM(require_foo());"
+(1:0-1:7) "\nmodule" --> (15:0-15:8) "\n\tmodule"
+(1:7-1:17) ".exports =" --> (15:8-15:18) ".exports ="
+(1:17-1:19) " 1" --> (15:18-19:0) " 1;\n});\n\n// cjs.js"
+- cjs.js
+(0:0-0:7) "module." --> (19:0-20:8) "\nvar require_cjs = __commonJSMin((exports, module) => {\n\tmodule"
+(0:7-0:17) "exports = " --> (20:8-20:18) ".exports ="
+(0:17-0:19) "1;" --> (20:18-24:0) " 1;\n});\n\n// esm-import-cjs-require.js"
+- esm-import-cjs-require.js
+(0:0-1:0) "import { a } from './cjs'" --> (24:0-25:0) "\nvar import_cjs = __toESM(require_cjs());"
+(1:0-2:0) "\nrequire('./foo')" --> (25:0-26:0) "\nrequire_foo();"
+(2:0-2:8) "\nconsole" --> (26:0-26:8) "\nconsole"
+(2:8-2:14) ".log(a" --> (26:8-26:25) ".log(import_cjs.a"
+(2:14-2:15) ")" --> (26:25-29:0) ");\n\n// main.js"
+(0:0-3:34) "import \"./esm-export-cjs-export\"\nimport \"./esm-export-cjs-require\"\nimport \"./esm-import-cjs-export\"\nimport \"./esm-import-cjs-require\"" --> (29:0-31:34) "\nvar import_esm_import_cjs_export = __toESM(require_esm_import_cjs_export());\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/test.config.json
index 9e26dfeeb6..b1d378a7fb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/mix-cjs-esm/test.config.json
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-{}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+    "sourcemap": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/artifacts.snap
index 99e481e739..a80b471b40 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/artifacts.snap
@@ -18,4 +18,24 @@ const value = {
 	foo:foo_default
 };
 assert.strictEqual(value.foo, 'foo');
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- foo.js
+(0:0-0:15) "export default " --> (3:0-3:18) "\nvar foo_default ="
+(0:15-0:20) "'foo'" --> (3:18-6:0) " 'foo';\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(3:0-3:6) "\nconst" --> (6:0-6:6) "\nconst"
+(3:6-3:14) " value =" --> (6:6-6:14) " value ="
+(3:14-3:16) " {" --> (6:14-7:1) " {\n"
+(3:16-3:21) " foo " --> (7:1-8:1) "\tfoo:foo_default\n"
+(3:21-5:0) "}\n" --> (8:1-9:0) "};"
+(5:0-5:7) "\nassert" --> (9:0-9:7) "\nassert"
+(5:7-5:19) ".strictEqual" --> (9:7-9:19) ".strictEqual"
+(5:19-5:25) "(value" --> (9:19-9:25) "(value"
+(5:25-5:30) ".foo," --> (9:25-9:30) ".foo,"
+(5:30-5:36) " 'foo'" --> (9:30-9:36) " 'foo'"
+(5:36-5:37) ")" --> (9:36-11:34) ");\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/test.config.json
index 229e6f23e5..c6d9fb070f 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/object_shorthand_property/test.config.json
@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
         "external": [
             "assert"
         ]
-    }
+    },
+    "sourcemap": true
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/artifacts.snap
index ec26e74ea8..4982d36ceb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/artifacts.snap
@@ -18,4 +18,18 @@ var require_cjs = __commonJSMin((exports, module) => {
 // main.js
 require_cjs();
 var cjs = require_cjs();
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- cjs.js
+(0:0-0:7) "module." --> (3:0-4:8) "\nvar require_cjs = __commonJSMin((exports, module) => {\n\tmodule"
+(0:7-0:17) "exports = " --> (4:8-4:18) ".exports ="
+(0:17-0:19) "{}" --> (4:18-4:20) " {"
+(0:19-1:1) "\n" --> (4:20-8:0) "};\n});\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(0:0-1:0) "require('./cjs.js');" --> (8:0-9:0) "\nrequire_cjs();"
+(1:0-1:4) "\nvar" --> (9:0-9:4) "\nvar"
+(1:4-2:1) " cjs = require('./cjs.js');\n" --> (9:4-11:34) " cjs = require_cjs();\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/test.config.json
index 9e26dfeeb6..b1d378a7fb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_cjs/test.config.json
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-{}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+    "sourcemap": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/artifacts.snap
index 0b988d2350..6fe3b790c5 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/artifacts.snap
@@ -19,4 +19,15 @@ var init_esm = __esmMin(() => {
 // main.js
 init_esm(),__toCommonJS(esm_ns);
 var esm = (init_esm(),__toCommonJS(esm_ns));
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- esm.js
+(0:0-1:1) "export { }\n" --> (3:0-9:0) "\nvar esm_ns;\nvar init_esm = __esmMin(() => {\n\tesm_ns = {};\n});\n\n// main.js"
+- main.js
+(0:0-1:0) "require('./esm.js');" --> (9:0-10:0) "\ninit_esm(),__toCommonJS(esm_ns);"
+(1:0-1:4) "\nvar" --> (10:0-10:4) "\nvar"
+(1:4-2:1) " esm = require('./esm.js');\n" --> (10:4-12:34) " esm = (init_esm(),__toCommonJS(esm_ns));\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/test.config.json
index 9e26dfeeb6..b1d378a7fb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/require/require_esm/test.config.json
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-{}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+    "sourcemap": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/artifacts.snap b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/artifacts.snap
index d9d578c4be..f32b3b70a7 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/artifacts.snap
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/artifacts.snap
@@ -33,4 +33,21 @@ var init_foo = __esmMin(() => {
 
 // main.js
 init_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map
 ```
+
+# Sourcemap Visualizer
+
+- foo.js
+(1:7-1:16) " function" --> (3:0-3:9) "\nfunction"
+(1:16-1:22) " foo()" --> (3:9-3:15) " foo()"
+(1:22-1:25) " { " --> (3:15-4:0) " {"
+(1:25-2:7) "}\nexport" --> (4:0-17:1) "\n}\nvar foo_ns, a, b, c, bar, baz;\nvar init_foo = __esmMin(() => {\n\tfoo_ns = {};\n\t__export(foo_ns, {\n\t\ta:() => a,\n\t\tb:() => b,\n\t\tbar:() => bar,\n\t\tc:() => c,\n\t\tdefault:() => baz,\n\t\tfoo:() => foo\n\t});\n\t[b] = [],[c=1] = [];\n"
+(2:7-2:17) " class bar" --> (17:1-17:13) "\tbar = class"
+(2:17-2:20) " { " --> (17:13-18:1) " {\n"
+(2:20-3:15) "}\nexport default" --> (18:1-19:1) "\t};\n"
+(3:15-3:25) " class baz" --> (19:1-19:13) "\tbaz = class"
+(3:25-3:28) " { " --> (19:13-20:1) " {\n"
+(3:28-7:1) "}\n\n\nexport { }\n" --> (20:1-24:0) "\t};\n});\n\n// main.js"
+(0:0-1:1) "require('./foo')\n" --> (24:0-26:34) "\ninit_foo(),__toCommonJS(foo_ns);\n\n//# sourceMappingURL=main.mjs.map"
diff --git a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/test.config.json b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/test.config.json
index 9e26dfeeb6..b1d378a7fb 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/test.config.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown/tests/fixtures/wrapped_esm/test.config.json
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-{}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+    "sourcemap": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/Cargo.toml b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/Cargo.toml
index cd98be647a..806553734c 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ test    = false
 [dependencies]
 oxc            = { workspace = true }
 rolldown_error = { path = "../rolldown_error" }
+rustc-hash     = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/lib.rs b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/lib.rs
index 1660baad63..8b6bce9baf 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // cSpell:disable
 pub use concat_sourcemap::{ConcatSource, RawSource, SourceMapSource};
 pub use oxc::sourcemap::SourceMap;
+// TODO bump oxc next version and using oxc::sourcemap::SourcemapVisualizer
+pub use sourcemap_visualizer::SourcemapVisualizer;
 
 use oxc::sourcemap::SourceMapBuilder;
 use rolldown_error::BuildError;
-
 mod concat_sourcemap;
+mod sourcemap_visualizer;
 
 pub fn collapse_sourcemaps(
   mut sourcemap_chain: Vec<&SourceMap>,
diff --git a/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/sourcemap_visualizer.rs b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/sourcemap_visualizer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..047bb69947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rolldown_sourcemap/src/sourcemap_visualizer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// cSpell:disable
+use crate::SourceMap;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
+
+/// The `SourcemapVisualizer` is a helper for sourcemap testing.
+/// It print the mapping of original content and final content tokens.
+pub struct SourcemapVisualizer<'a> {
+  output: &'a str,
+  sourcemap: &'a SourceMap,
+}
+
+impl<'a> SourcemapVisualizer<'a> {
+  pub fn new(output: &'a str, sourcemap: &'a SourceMap) -> Self {
+    Self { output, sourcemap }
+  }
+
+  #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
+  pub fn into_visualizer_text(self) -> String {
+    let mut source_log_map = FxHashMap::default();
+    let source_contents_lines_map: FxHashMap<String, Option<Vec<Vec<u16>>>> = self
+      .sourcemap
+      .get_sources()
+      .enumerate()
+      .map(|(source_id, source)| {
+        (
+          source.to_string(),
+          self.sourcemap.get_source_content(source_id as u32).map(Self::generate_line_utf16_tables),
+        )
+      })
+      .collect();
+    let output_lines = Self::generate_line_utf16_tables(self.output);
+
+    let mut s = String::new();
+
+    self.sourcemap.get_tokens().reduce(|pre_token, token| {
+      if let Some(source) = pre_token.get_source_id().and_then(|id| self.sourcemap.get_source(id)) {
+        if let Some(Some(source_contents_lines)) = source_contents_lines_map.get(source) {
+          // Print source
+          source_log_map.entry(source).or_insert_with(|| {
+            s.push('-');
+            s.push(' ');
+            s.push_str(source);
+            s.push('\n');
+            true
+          });
+
+          // Print token
+          if pre_token.get_source_id() == token.get_source_id() {
+            s.push_str(&format!(
+              "({}:{}-{}:{}) {:?}",
+              pre_token.get_src_line(),
+              pre_token.get_src_col(),
+              token.get_src_line(),
+              token.get_src_col(),
+              Self::str_slice_by_token(
+                source_contents_lines,
+                (pre_token.get_src_line(), pre_token.get_src_col()),
+                (token.get_src_line(), token.get_src_col())
+              )
+            ));
+          } else if token.get_source_id().is_some() {
+            Self::print_source_last_mapping(
+              &mut s,
+              source_contents_lines,
+              (pre_token.get_src_line(), pre_token.get_src_col()),
+            );
+          }
+
+          s.push_str(" --> ");
+
+          s.push_str(&format!(
+            "({}:{}-{}:{}) {:?}",
+            pre_token.get_dst_line(),
+            pre_token.get_dst_col(),
+            token.get_dst_line(),
+            token.get_dst_col(),
+            Self::str_slice_by_token(
+              &output_lines,
+              (pre_token.get_dst_line(), pre_token.get_dst_col(),),
+              (token.get_dst_line(), token.get_dst_col(),)
+            )
+          ));
+          s.push('\n');
+        }
+      }
+
+      token
+    });
+
+    if let Some(last_token) =
+      self.sourcemap.get_token(self.sourcemap.get_tokens().count() as u32 - 1)
+    {
+      if let Some(Some(source_contents_lines)) = last_token
+        .get_source_id()
+        .and_then(|id| self.sourcemap.get_source(id))
+        .and_then(|source| source_contents_lines_map.get(source))
+      {
+        Self::print_source_last_mapping(
+          &mut s,
+          source_contents_lines,
+          (last_token.get_src_line(), last_token.get_src_col()),
+        );
+      }
+      s.push_str(" --> ");
+      Self::print_source_last_mapping(
+        &mut s,
+        &output_lines,
+        (last_token.get_dst_line(), last_token.get_dst_col()),
+      );
+      s.push('\n');
+    }
+
+    s
+  }
+
+  #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
+  fn print_source_last_mapping(s: &mut String, buff: &[Vec<u16>], start: (u32, u32)) {
+    let line = if buff.is_empty() { 0 } else { buff.len() as u32 - 1 };
+    let column = buff.last().map(|v| v.len() as u32).unwrap_or_default();
+    s.push_str(&format!(
+      "({}:{}-{}:{}) {:?}",
+      start.0,
+      start.1,
+      line,
+      column,
+      Self::str_slice_by_token(buff, start, (line, column))
+    ));
+  }
+
+  fn generate_line_utf16_tables(content: &str) -> Vec<Vec<u16>> {
+    let mut tables = vec![];
+    let mut line_byte_offset = 0;
+    for (i, ch) in content.char_indices() {
+      match ch {
+        '\r' | '\n' | '\u{2028}' | '\u{2029}' => {
+          // Handle Windows-specific "\r\n" newlines
+          if ch == '\r' && content.chars().nth(i + 1) == Some('\n') {
+            continue;
+          }
+          tables.push(content[line_byte_offset..i].encode_utf16().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+          line_byte_offset = i;
+        }
+        _ => {}
+      }
+    }
+    tables.push(content[line_byte_offset..].encode_utf16().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    tables
+  }
+
+  fn str_slice_by_token(buff: &[Vec<u16>], start: (u32, u32), end: (u32, u32)) -> String {
+    if start.0 == end.0 {
+      return String::from_utf16(&buff[start.0 as usize][start.1 as usize..end.1 as usize])
+        .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    for i in start.0..=end.0 {
+      let slice = &buff[i as usize];
+      if i == start.0 {
+        s.push_str(&String::from_utf16(&slice[start.1 as usize..]).unwrap());
+      } else if i == end.0 {
+        s.push_str(&String::from_utf16(&slice[..end.1 as usize]).unwrap());
+      } else {
+        s.push_str(&String::from_utf16(slice).unwrap());
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Windows: Replace "\r\n" and replace with "\n"
+    s.replace('\r', "")
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+  use super::*;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn should_work() {
+    let sourcemap = SourceMap::from_json_string(r#"{
+            "version":3,
+            "sources":["shared.js","index.js"],
+            "sourcesContent":["const a = 'shared.js'\n\nexport { a }","import { a as a2 } from './shared'\nconst a = 'index.js'\nconsole.log(a, a2)\n"],
+            "names":["a","a$1"],
+            "mappings":";;AAAA,MAAMA,IAAI;;;ACCV,MAAMC,MAAI;AACV,QAAQ,IAAIA,KAAGD,EAAG"
+        }"#).unwrap();
+    let output = "\n// shared.js\nconst a = 'shared.js';\n\n// index.js\nconst a$1 = 'index.js';\nconsole.log(a$1, a);\n";
+    let visualizer = SourcemapVisualizer::new(output, &sourcemap);
+    let visualizer_text = visualizer.into_visualizer_text();
+    println!("{visualizer_text}");
+    assert_eq!(
+      visualizer_text,
+      r#"- shared.js
+(0:0-0:6) "const " --> (2:0-2:6) "\nconst"
+(0:6-0:10) "a = " --> (2:6-2:10) " a ="
+(0:10-2:13) "'shared.js'\n\nexport { a }" --> (2:10-5:0) " 'shared.js';\n\n// index.js"
+- index.js
+(1:0-1:6) "\nconst" --> (5:0-5:6) "\nconst"
+(1:6-1:10) " a =" --> (5:6-5:12) " a$1 ="
+(1:10-2:0) " 'index.js'" --> (5:12-6:0) " 'index.js';"
+(2:0-2:8) "\nconsole" --> (6:0-6:8) "\nconsole"
+(2:8-2:12) ".log" --> (6:8-6:12) ".log"
+(2:12-2:15) "(a," --> (6:12-6:17) "(a$1,"
+(2:15-2:18) " a2" --> (6:17-6:19) " a"
+(2:18-3:1) ")\n" --> (6:19-7:1) ");\n"
+"#
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/crates/rolldown_testing/src/test_config/mod.rs b/crates/rolldown_testing/src/test_config/mod.rs
index a344cc6178..16eafb39bd 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown_testing/src/test_config/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/rolldown_testing/src/test_config/mod.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ macro_rules! impl_serde_default {
 fn true_by_default() -> bool {
   true
 }
+
+#[allow(clippy::struct_excessive_bools)]
 #[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Default)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct TestConfig {
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@ pub struct TestConfig {
   #[serde(default)]
   /// If `true`, the fixture output stats will be snapshot.
   pub snapshot_output_stats: bool,
+  #[serde(default)]
+  /// If `true`, the sourcemap visualizer will be snapshot.
+  pub sourcemap: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
diff --git a/crates/rolldown_testing/test.config.scheme.json b/crates/rolldown_testing/test.config.scheme.json
index 10f922764a..d505e670fd 100644
--- a/crates/rolldown_testing/test.config.scheme.json
+++ b/crates/rolldown_testing/test.config.scheme.json
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@
       "description": "If `true`, the fixture output stats will be snapshot.",
       "default": false,
       "type": "boolean"
+    },
+    "sourcemap": {
+      "description": "If `true`, the sourcemap visualizer will be snapshot.",
+      "default": false,
+      "type": "boolean"
     }
   },
   "additionalProperties": false,