From 598044baaa6fe45094b5994f655f379943a78e5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akkishiva1 <142904126+Akkishiva1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2024 22:39:13 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 01/58] Added the file
converted to markdown format
---
_posts/Migrating Zookeeper to kraft.md | 390 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 390 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 _posts/Migrating Zookeeper to kraft.md
diff --git a/_posts/Migrating Zookeeper to kraft.md b/_posts/Migrating Zookeeper to kraft.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/_posts/Migrating Zookeeper to kraft.md
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+
+Introduction
+
+In its evolution, Kafka has recently shifted away from relying on ZooKeeper to
+manage its essential metadata and now embraces a quorum-based controller using
+Kafka Raft, or KRaft (pronounced 'craft'), which has been generally available
+since Confluent Platform version 7.4.
+
+
+Apache Kafka has traditionally entrusted ZooKeeper with crucial tasks such as
+storing metadata, managing brokers, controlling topics, and overseeing cluster
+configurations. Initially, this centralized approach with ZooKeeper was ideal
+for ensuring robust distributed coordination and reliable leader election
+mechanisms. However, the complexity of maintaining ZooKeeper alongside a Kafka
+cluster has become evident over time. Moreover, ZooKeeper's limitations have
+emerged as a bottleneck, restricting the scalability of Kafka clusters by
+limiting the number of partitions a single broker can effectively manage.
+
+
+Recognizing these challenges and seeking to streamline Kafka's architecture, the
+Kafka community introduced KIP-500.
+This initiative aims to phase out ZooKeeper and introduce a more efficient
+metadata quorum solution. This blog post is dedicated to guiding you through the
+transition from ZooKeeper to KRaft. We will provide a step-by-step roadmap for
+migrating your Kafka deployment to KRaft.
+
+
+Why Bye to ZooKeeper ?
+
+
+ZooKeeper data is replicated across a number of nodes forming an ensemble, using
+the ZooKeeper Atomic Broadcast (ZAB) protocol to ensure data consistency across
+all nodes. However, integrating ZooKeeper with Kafka involves managing a
+separate distributed system alongside Kafka itself, which introduces additional
+complexities in deployment, management, and troubleshooting.
+
+
+Moreover, ZooKeeper introduces scalability bottlenecks that limit the number of
+topics and partitions supported within a Kafka cluster. For example, during
+controller failover events, the newly elected controller must retrieve metadata
+from ZooKeeper, including details for all topics, which can impact performance.
+Additionally, any metadata updates require propagation to other brokers via
+RPCs, and as the number of partitions increases, the propagation time grows,
+potentially slowing down the system.
+
+
+In contrast, other distributed systems like MongoDB, Cassandra, and
+Elasticsearch handle metadata management internally, eliminating the need for
+external tools like ZooKeeper. This streamlined approach significantly
+simplifies deployment and operational management—imagine handling just one
+distributed system instead of two! Furthermore, internal metadata management
+enhances scalability and efficiency, optimizing operations and providing
+stronger guarantees for Kafka's functionality.
+
+
+Hello from KRaft!
+
+
+To address challenges with ZooKeeper, the Kafka community introduced KRaft, a
+new way to handle metadata directly within Kafka itself. Unlike ZooKeeper, which
+required managing a separate system alongside Kafka, KRaft integrates metadata
+management into Kafka using an event-driven approach.
+
+
+KRaft uses a quorum-based controller with an event-driven implementation of the
+Raft protocol. This controller manages an event log stored in a special topic
+named "__cluster_metadata." Unlike regular topics, data in "__cluster_metadata"
+is written synchronously to disk, ensuring reliability required by Raft.
+
+
+Advantages of KRaft
+
+
+- Simplicity: KRaft streamlines Kafka’s architecture by
+eliminating the need for a separate coordination service like ZooKeeper. Users
+and operators only need to manage one system, and KRaft uses the same
+configuration, failure handling, and security mechanisms as Kafka’s data plane,
+making it easier to learn and operate.
+
- Scalability: KRaft enhances Kafka’s scalability by reducing
+the load on the metadata store. In KRaft mode, only a subset of brokers, known
+as the controller quorum, handles metadata. This setup minimizes connections and
+requests to the metadata store, enabling Kafka to support more brokers and
+topics without impacting performance.
+
- Availability: KRaft improves Kafka’s availability by
+allowing the system to handle partial failures. Only a quorum of controllers is
+needed to process requests, so if some controllers are down or disconnected, the
+remaining ones can still maintain cluster operations. This makes Kafka more
+resilient to network issues and data center failures.
+
+
+
+- Simplified Deployment and Management: With KRaft, you no
+longer need to manage a separate ZooKeeper cluster, reducing operational
+complexity and costs. Kafka users can continue using existing tools and APIs,
+such as the Admin API and kafka-reassign-partitions tool, for managing their
+clusters.
+
- Increased Security: KRaft supports encryption and
+authentication for client-server communication using SSL/TLS or SASL, ensuring
+that Kafka metadata is protected from unauthorized access or tampering.
+
+
+
+By adopting KRaft, Kafka enhances its scalability, simplifies operations, and
+integrates metadata management directly into its architecture, offering a more
+efficient alternative to ZooKeeper.
+
+
+How to migrate from ZooKeeper to KRaft
+
+
+While KRaft has been production-ready for several releases now, with continuous
+feature enhancements, the majority of existing Kafka clusters still rely on
+ZooKeeper. However, there's growing interest among users to migrate to KRaft to
+overcome the limitations associated with ZooKeeper, as discussed earlier.
+
+
+Moreover, ZooKeeper will be deprecated within the Kafka project, with support
+expected to be fully removed in an upcoming release. This development
+underscores the urgency for Kafka users to plan and execute migrations from
+ZooKeeper to KRaft.
+
+
+Before beginning the migration process, our Kafka brokers are currently
+operating in ZooKeeper-mode and are connected to the ZooKeeper ensemble where
+metadata is stored. Let's follow the steps below to migrate to KRaft.
+
+
+Step 1: Retrieve the cluster ID
+
+
+- You must format storage for your Kafka cluster with the ID of the existing
+cluster. You can get this ID with the zookeeper-shell tool.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Step 2: Configure a KRaft controller quorum
+
+
+- Set up the KRaft controller quorum responsible for managing metadata in
+KRaft mode.
+
- Number of KRaft controller nodes should match the current ZooKeeper ensemble
+size.
+
- Migration does not support transitioning to "combined" mode nodes.
+
- Configure each KRaft controller node with connections to ZooKeeper.
+
- Add the flag zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true to signal the
+migration intent.
+
- Upon startup, KRaft controllers establish a quorum and elect a leader.
+
- Controllers enter a waiting state for Kafka brokers to register.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+process.roles=controller
+node.id=3000
+controller.quorum.voters=3000@localhost:9093
+controller.listener.names=CONTROLLER
+listeners=CONTROLLER://:9093
+
+
+# Enable the migration
+ zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true
+
+
+# ZooKeeper client configuration
+ zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
+
+
+# Enable migrations for cluster linking
+ confluent.cluster.link.metadata.topic.enable=true
+
+
+# Other configuration entries ...
+
+
+Step 3: Format storage with the ID you saved previously
+
+
+- Format storage on each node with the ID and the controller configuration
+file.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Step 4: Start each controller
+
+
+- Start each controller, specifying the configuration file with migration
+enabled.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+./bin/kafka-server-start.sh ./etc/kafka/kraft/controller.properties
+
+Step 5: Enable migration on the brokers
+
+
+
+
+
+
+broker.id=0
+listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
+advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://localhost:9092
+listener.security.protocol.map=PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,CONTROLLER:PLAINTEXT
+
+
+# Set the IBP
+ inter.broker.protocol.version=3.6
+
+
+# Enable the migration
+ zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true
+
+
+# Cluster linking metadata topic enabled
+ confluent.cluster.link.metadata.topic.enable=true
+
+
+# ZooKeeper client configuration
+ zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
+
+
+# KRaft controller quorum configuration
+ controller.quorum.voters=3000@localhost:9093
+ controller.listener.names=CONTROLLER
+
+
+Step 6: Migrate the brokers
+
+
+
+
+
+
+process.roles=broker
+node.id=0
+listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
+advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://localhost:9092
+listener.security.protocol.map=PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,CONTROLLER:PLAINTEXT
+
+
+# Remove the IBP, KRaft uses "metadata.version" feature flag
+# inter.broker.protocol.version=3.6
+
+
+# Remove the migration enabled flag
+# zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true
+
+
+# Remove the cluster linking metadata topic setting
+# confluent.cluster.link.metadata.topic.enable=true
+
+
+# Remove ZooKeeper client configuration
+# zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
+
+
+# Keep the KRaft controller quorum configuration
+ controller.quorum.voters=3000@localhost:9093
+ controller.listener.names=CONTROLLER
+
+
+# If using ACLs, change the authorizer from AclAuthorizer used for ZooKeeper to the StandardAuthorizer used for KRaft.
+ authorizer.class.name=kafka.security.authorizer
+
+
+Step 7: Take KRaft controllers out of migration mode
+
+
+- Disable Migration: Comment out or remove the
+zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true property. This signals that the
+controllers are no longer in migration mode and are fully operational in KRaft
+mode.
+
- Remove ZooKeeper Configuration: Comment out or remove any ZooKeeper-specific
+configuration entries (zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181 in this example). Since
+KRaft mode no longer relies on ZooKeeper for metadata management, these entries
+are no longer needed.
+
+ Example controller.properties File for KRaft Mode
+
+
+
+
+
+process.roles=controller
+node.id=3000
+controller.quorum.voters=3000@localhost:9093
+controller.listener.names=CONTROLLER
+listeners=CONTROLLER://:9093
+
+
+# Disable migration
+# zookeeper.metadata.migration.enable=true
+
+
+# Remove ZooKeeper client configuration.
+# zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
+
+
+
+Conclusion
+
+
+In this article, we've explored the role of ZooKeeper in Kafka and why Kafka has
+opted to transition to a quorum-based controller, KRaft. The Apache Kafka
+community has deprecated ZooKeeper for storing cluster metadata, with plans for
+complete removal in the upcoming version release. This signifies that users will
+need to transition towards KRaft-based clusters in the near future. Given the
+prevalence of ZooKeeper-based clusters currently in production, migrating to
+KRaft involves significant manual intervention, including configuration updates
+and rolling node restarts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+gd2md-html: xyzzy Sun Jul 21 2024
gd2md-html: xyzzy Sun Jul 21 2024
gd2md-html: xyzzy Sun Jul 21 2024
Introduction
+Introduction
In its evolution, Kafka has recently shifted away from relying on ZooKeeper to
manage its essential metadata and now embraces a quorum-based controller using
From 82fd3859b275f5e73cf8aeb8a729404b9b00f690 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Akkishiva1 <142904126+Akkishiva1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2024 22:54:12 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 04/58] Update Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md
---
_posts/Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md | 1 -
1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/_posts/Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md b/_posts/Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md
index 5f0cea7595..955cbfd4d4 100644
--- a/_posts/Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md
+++ b/_posts/Migrating-Zookeeper-to-kraft.md
@@ -387,4 +387,3 @@ and rolling node restarts.
-
gd2md-html: xyzzy Sun Jul 21 2024
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