diff --git a/backends/s3/metrics.go b/backends/s3/metrics.go
index 5ba24db..a935fa7 100644
--- a/backends/s3/metrics.go
+++ b/backends/s3/metrics.go
@@ -26,10 +26,27 @@ var (
 		},
 		[]string{"method"},
 	)
+	metricCallErrorsType = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
+		prometheus.CounterOpts{
+			Name: "storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total",
+			Help: "S3 API call errors by method and error type",
+		},
+		[]string{"method", "error"},
+	)
+	metricCallHistogram = prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
+		prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "storage_s3_call_duration_seconds",
+			Help:    "S3 API call duration by method",
+			Buckets: []float64{0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, 60},
+		},
+		[]string{"method"},
+	)
 )
 
 func init() {
 	prometheus.MustRegister(metricLastCallTimestamp)
 	prometheus.MustRegister(metricCalls)
 	prometheus.MustRegister(metricCallErrors)
+	prometheus.MustRegister(metricCallErrorsType)
+	prometheus.MustRegister(metricCallHistogram)
 }
diff --git a/backends/s3/s3.go b/backends/s3/s3.go
index c23550b..0a3bed8 100644
--- a/backends/s3/s3.go
+++ b/backends/s3/s3.go
@@ -236,9 +236,16 @@ func (b *Backend) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) (blobList simpleblob.
 	return blobs.WithPrefix(prefix), nil
 }
 
+func recordMinioDurationMetric(method string, start time.Time) {
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	metricCallHistogram.WithLabelValues(method).Observe(elapsed.Seconds())
+}
+
 func (b *Backend) doList(ctx context.Context, prefix string) (simpleblob.BlobList, error) {
 	var blobs simpleblob.BlobList
 
+	defer recordMinioDurationMetric("list", time.Now())
+
 	// Runes to strip from blob names for GlobalPrefix
 	// This is fine, because we can trust the API to only return with the prefix.
 	// TODO: trust but verify
@@ -252,6 +259,7 @@ func (b *Backend) doList(ctx context.Context, prefix string) (simpleblob.BlobLis
 		// Handle error returned by MinIO client
 		if err := convertMinioError(obj.Err, true); err != nil {
 			metricCallErrors.WithLabelValues("list").Inc()
+			metricCallErrorsType.WithLabelValues("list", errorToMetricsLabel(err)).Inc()
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -303,9 +311,12 @@ func (b *Backend) doLoadReader(ctx context.Context, name string) (io.ReadCloser,
 	metricCalls.WithLabelValues("load").Inc()
 	metricLastCallTimestamp.WithLabelValues("load").SetToCurrentTime()
 
+	defer recordMinioDurationMetric("load", time.Now())
+
 	obj, err := b.client.GetObject(ctx, b.opt.Bucket, name, minio.GetObjectOptions{})
 	if err = convertMinioError(err, false); err != nil {
 		metricCallErrors.WithLabelValues("load").Inc()
+		metricCallErrorsType.WithLabelValues("load", errorToMetricsLabel(err)).Inc()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if obj == nil {
@@ -314,6 +325,7 @@ func (b *Backend) doLoadReader(ctx context.Context, name string) (io.ReadCloser,
 	info, err := obj.Stat()
 	if err = convertMinioError(err, false); err != nil {
 		metricCallErrors.WithLabelValues("load").Inc()
+		metricCallErrorsType.WithLabelValues("load", errorToMetricsLabel(err)).Inc()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if info.Key == "" {
@@ -347,6 +359,7 @@ func (b *Backend) doStore(ctx context.Context, name string, data []byte) (minio.
 func (b *Backend) doStoreReader(ctx context.Context, name string, r io.Reader, size int64) (minio.UploadInfo, error) {
 	metricCalls.WithLabelValues("store").Inc()
 	metricLastCallTimestamp.WithLabelValues("store").SetToCurrentTime()
+	defer recordMinioDurationMetric("store", time.Now())
 
 	putObjectOptions := minio.PutObjectOptions{
 		NumThreads:     b.opt.NumMinioThreads,
@@ -358,6 +371,7 @@ func (b *Backend) doStoreReader(ctx context.Context, name string, r io.Reader, s
 	err = convertMinioError(err, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		metricCallErrors.WithLabelValues("store").Inc()
+		metricCallErrorsType.WithLabelValues("store", errorToMetricsLabel(err)).Inc()
 	}
 	return info, err
 }
@@ -377,10 +391,12 @@ func (b *Backend) Delete(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
 func (b *Backend) doDelete(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
 	metricCalls.WithLabelValues("delete").Inc()
 	metricLastCallTimestamp.WithLabelValues("delete").SetToCurrentTime()
+	defer recordMinioDurationMetric("delete", time.Now())
 
 	err := b.client.RemoveObject(ctx, b.opt.Bucket, name, minio.RemoveObjectOptions{})
 	if err = convertMinioError(err, false); err != nil {
 		metricCallErrors.WithLabelValues("delete").Inc()
+		metricCallErrorsType.WithLabelValues("delete", errorToMetricsLabel(err)).Inc()
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -555,6 +571,40 @@ func convertMinioError(err error, isList bool) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// errorToMetricsLabel converts an error into a prometheus label.
+// If error is a NotExist error, "NotFound" is returned.
+// If error is a timeout, "Timeout" is returned.
+// If error is a DNS error, the DNS error is returned.
+// If error is a URL error, the URL error is returned.
+// If error is a MinIO error, the MinIO error code is returned.
+// Otherwise "Unknown" is returned.
+func errorToMetricsLabel(err error) string {
+	if err == nil {
+		return "ok"
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return "NotFound"
+	}
+	var netError *net.OpError
+	if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
+		(errors.As(err, &netError) && netError.Timeout()) {
+		return "Timeout"
+	}
+	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
+	if errors.As(err, &dnsErr) {
+		return "DNSError"
+	}
+	var urlErr *url.Error
+	if errors.As(err, &urlErr) {
+		return "URLError"
+	}
+	errRes := minio.ToErrorResponse(err)
+	if errRes.Code != "" {
+		return errRes.Code
+	}
+	return "Unknown"
+}
+
 func getOpt[T comparable](optVal, defaultVal T) T {
 	var zero T
 	if optVal == zero {
diff --git a/backends/s3/s3_test.go b/backends/s3/s3_test.go
index af0dfb4..f1104da 100644
--- a/backends/s3/s3_test.go
+++ b/backends/s3/s3_test.go
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ package s3
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
@@ -64,15 +66,49 @@ func getBackend(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) (b *Backend) {
 	return b
 }
 
+func getBadBackend(ctx context.Context, url string, t *testing.T) (b *Backend) {
+	b, err := New(ctx, Options{
+		EndpointURL:  url,
+		AccessKey:    "foo",
+		SecretKey:    "bar",
+		Bucket:       "test-bucket",
+		CreateBucket: false,
+		DialTimeout:  1 * time.Second,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return b
+}
+
 func TestBackend(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-
 	b := getBackend(ctx, t)
 	tester.DoBackendTests(t, b)
 	assert.Len(t, b.lastMarker, 0)
 }
 
+func TestMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	bTimeout := getBadBackend(context.Background(), "http://1.2.3.4:1234", t)
+
+	_, err := bTimeout.List(context.Background(), "")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	expectedMetric := "# HELP storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total S3 API call errors by method and error type\n# TYPE storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total counter\nstorage_s3_call_error_by_type_total{error=\"Timeout\",method=\"list\"} 1\nstorage_s3_call_error_by_type_total{error=\"NotFound\",method=\"load\"} 3\n"
+
+	err = testutil.CollectAndCompare(metricCallErrorsType, strings.NewReader(expectedMetric), "storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	bBadHost := getBadBackend(context.Background(), "http://nosuchhost:1234", t)
+
+	_, err = bBadHost.List(context.Background(), "")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	expectedMetric += "storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total{error=\"DNSError\",method=\"list\"} 1\n"
+
+	err = testutil.CollectAndCompare(metricCallErrorsType, strings.NewReader(expectedMetric), "storage_s3_call_error_by_type_total")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestBackend_marker(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 8cfff84..a93684d 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.11 // indirect
+	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/crc64nvme v1.0.2 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index a5a69e4..c0b4e3d 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
+github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0 h1:6E+4a0GO5zZEnZ81pIr0yLvtUWk2if982qA3F3QD6H4=
 github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0/go.mod h1:zJYVVT2jmtg6P3p1VtQj7WsuWi/y4VnjVBn7F8KPB3I=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10 h1:s31yESBquKXCV9a/ScB3ESkOjUYYv+X0rg8SYxI99mE=