diff --git a/monai/apps/auto3dseg/__main__.py b/monai/apps/auto3dseg/__main__.py
index 41996d6a01..eec56b7582 100644
--- a/monai/apps/auto3dseg/__main__.py
+++ b/monai/apps/auto3dseg/__main__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from monai.apps.auto3dseg.auto_runner import AutoRunner
 from monai.apps.auto3dseg.bundle_gen import BundleAlgo, BundleGen
 from monai.apps.auto3dseg.data_analyzer import DataAnalyzer
diff --git a/monai/apps/auto3dseg/ensemble_builder.py b/monai/apps/auto3dseg/ensemble_builder.py
index 629318d69e..72ea557dc4 100644
--- a/monai/apps/auto3dseg/ensemble_builder.py
+++ b/monai/apps/auto3dseg/ensemble_builder.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import json
 import os
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
diff --git a/monai/apps/deepedit/transforms.py b/monai/apps/deepedit/transforms.py
index 94669e5900..76b9e18cc7 100644
--- a/monai/apps/deepedit/transforms.py
+++ b/monai/apps/deepedit/transforms.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-
 distance_transform_cdt, _ = optional_import("scipy.ndimage.morphology", name="distance_transform_cdt")
 
 
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/metrics/coco.py b/monai/apps/detection/metrics/coco.py
index 2ffd99aec6..8dba3fa7da 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/metrics/coco.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/metrics/coco.py
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 # The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
 # of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
 # either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
-
 """
 This script is almost same with https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection/blob/main/nndet/evaluator/detection/coco.py
 The changes include 1) code reformatting, 2) docstrings.
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/metrics/matching.py b/monai/apps/detection/metrics/matching.py
index 59748045d0..37e6e2fa06 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/metrics/matching.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/metrics/matching.py
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 # The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
 # of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
 # either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
-
 """
 This script is almost same with https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection/blob/main/nndet/evaluator/detection/matching.py
 The changes include 1) code reformatting, 2) docstrings,
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_detector.py b/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_detector.py
index b4ccafbd01..4c6f165439 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_detector.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_detector.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 # * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 #   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 #   this software without specific prior written permission.
-
 """
 Part of this script is adapted from
 https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/detection/retinanet.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_network.py b/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_network.py
index 4539a913ac..4a0d8dc228 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_network.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/networks/retinanet_network.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 # * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 #   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 #   this software without specific prior written permission.
-
 """
 Part of this script is adapted from
 https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/detection/retinanet.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/utils/ATSS_matcher.py b/monai/apps/detection/utils/ATSS_matcher.py
index c04faa3ffd..c208fcd41c 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/utils/ATSS_matcher.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/utils/ATSS_matcher.py
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@
 # CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 # OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
 """
 The functions in this script are adapted from nnDetection,
 https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection/blob/main/nndet/core/boxes/matcher.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/utils/anchor_utils.py b/monai/apps/detection/utils/anchor_utils.py
index baaaeb7147..55c256248a 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/utils/anchor_utils.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/utils/anchor_utils.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 # * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 #   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 #   this software without specific prior written permission.
-
 """
 This script is adapted from
 https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/release/0.12/torchvision/models/detection/anchor_utils.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_coder.py b/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_coder.py
index c2c1b89fc4..6458360fcd 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_coder.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_coder.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 # CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 # OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
 """
 This script is modified from torchvision to support N-D images,
 
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_selector.py b/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_selector.py
index f50b398289..e0e82dbef7 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_selector.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/utils/box_selector.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 # * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 #   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 #   this software without specific prior written permission.
-
 """
 Part of this script is adapted from
 https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/main/torchvision/models/detection/retinanet.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/detection/utils/hard_negative_sampler.py b/monai/apps/detection/utils/hard_negative_sampler.py
index 4f0e9f2e6a..ee423bb4bc 100644
--- a/monai/apps/detection/utils/hard_negative_sampler.py
+++ b/monai/apps/detection/utils/hard_negative_sampler.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 The functions in this script are adapted from nnDetection,
 https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection/blob/main/nndet/core/boxes/sampler.py
diff --git a/monai/apps/mmars/mmars.py b/monai/apps/mmars/mmars.py
index 055de3f328..6e1770b19e 100644
--- a/monai/apps/mmars/mmars.py
+++ b/monai/apps/mmars/mmars.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 Utilities for accessing Nvidia MMARs
 
diff --git a/monai/apps/mmars/model_desc.py b/monai/apps/mmars/model_desc.py
index 47bbfe2eaa..e0a7f26117 100644
--- a/monai/apps/mmars/model_desc.py
+++ b/monai/apps/mmars/model_desc.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 Collection of the remote MMAR descriptors
 
diff --git a/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/array.py b/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/array.py
index 660eab396b..ed58439d29 100644
--- a/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/array.py
+++ b/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/array.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from typing import Sequence
 
diff --git a/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/dictionary.py b/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/dictionary.py
index dfc7c1c504..baa9bdb2ce 100644
--- a/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/dictionary.py
+++ b/monai/apps/reconstruction/transforms/dictionary.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Dict, Hashable, Mapping, Optional, Sequence
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/monai/apps/tcia/label_desc.py b/monai/apps/tcia/label_desc.py
index 582f83154a..e3875e4095 100644
--- a/monai/apps/tcia/label_desc.py
+++ b/monai/apps/tcia/label_desc.py
@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Dict
 
 __all__ = ["TCIA_LABEL_DICT"]
 
-
 TCIA_LABEL_DICT: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] = {
     "C4KC-KiTS": {"Kidney": 0, "Renal Tumor": 1},
     "NSCLC-Radiomics": {
diff --git a/monai/bundle/__main__.py b/monai/bundle/__main__.py
index ace3701d19..a9671fe385 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/__main__.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/__main__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from monai.bundle.scripts import ckpt_export, download, init_bundle, run, verify_metadata, verify_net_in_out
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/monai/bundle/utils.py b/monai/bundle/utils.py
index c3a8343163..f382fd820e 100644
--- a/monai/bundle/utils.py
+++ b/monai/bundle/utils.py
@@ -21,13 +21,11 @@
 
 __all__ = ["ID_REF_KEY", "ID_SEP_KEY", "EXPR_KEY", "MACRO_KEY"]
 
-
 ID_REF_KEY = "@"  # start of a reference to a ConfigItem
 ID_SEP_KEY = "#"  # separator for the ID of a ConfigItem
 EXPR_KEY = "$"  # start of a ConfigExpression
 MACRO_KEY = "%"  # start of a macro of a config
 
-
 _conf_values = get_config_values()
 
 DEFAULT_METADATA = {
diff --git a/monai/config/type_definitions.py b/monai/config/type_definitions.py
index bb6f87e97a..5c360b5536 100644
--- a/monai/config/type_definitions.py
+++ b/monai/config/type_definitions.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     "SequenceStr",
 ]
 
-
 #: KeysCollection
 #
 # The KeyCollection type is used to for defining variables
diff --git a/monai/data/box_utils.py b/monai/data/box_utils.py
index 3aaedb3850..a1e321b623 100644
--- a/monai/data/box_utils.py
+++ b/monai/data/box_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 This utility module mainly supports rectangular bounding boxes with a few
 different parameterizations and methods for converting between them. It
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@
 # We support 2-D or 3-D bounding boxes
 SUPPORTED_SPATIAL_DIMS = [2, 3]
 
-
 # TO_REMOVE = 0.0 if the bottom-right corner pixel/voxel is not included in the boxes,
 #      i.e., when xmin=1., xmax=2., we have w = 1.
 # TO_REMOVE = 1.0  if the bottom-right corner pixel/voxel is included in the boxes,
diff --git a/monai/data/dataset.py b/monai/data/dataset.py
index 0298ee9b4c..22e8bdb610 100644
--- a/monai/data/dataset.py
+++ b/monai/data/dataset.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import collections.abc
 import math
 import pickle
diff --git a/monai/data/image_writer.py b/monai/data/image_writer.py
index cf7f3e0291..28465f35a4 100644
--- a/monai/data/image_writer.py
+++ b/monai/data/image_writer.py
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
     nib, _ = optional_import("nibabel")
     PILImage, _ = optional_import("PIL.Image")
 
-
 __all__ = [
     "ImageWriter",
     "ITKWriter",
diff --git a/monai/data/thread_buffer.py b/monai/data/thread_buffer.py
index 964ea21be3..0a9079ae0c 100644
--- a/monai/data/thread_buffer.py
+++ b/monai/data/thread_buffer.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from multiprocessing.context import SpawnContext
 from queue import Empty, Full, Queue
 from threading import Thread
diff --git a/monai/data/utils.py b/monai/data/utils.py
index 40f3de4831..0fb5c9a33a 100644
--- a/monai/data/utils.py
+++ b/monai/data/utils.py
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 DataFrame, _ = optional_import("pandas", name="DataFrame")
 nib, _ = optional_import("nibabel")
 
-
 __all__ = [
     "AFFINE_TOL",
     "SUPPORTED_PICKLE_MOD",
diff --git a/monai/handlers/logfile_handler.py b/monai/handlers/logfile_handler.py
index d46ac8760f..73c58431a9 100644
--- a/monai/handlers/logfile_handler.py
+++ b/monai/handlers/logfile_handler.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 else:
     Engine, _ = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Engine")
 
-
 __all__ = ["LogfileHandler"]
 
 
diff --git a/monai/handlers/nvtx_handlers.py b/monai/handlers/nvtx_handlers.py
index 327c156f63..66462a698c 100644
--- a/monai/handlers/nvtx_handlers.py
+++ b/monai/handlers/nvtx_handlers.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
     Engine, _ = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Engine")
     Events, _ = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Events")
 
-
 __all__ = ["RangeHandler", "RangePushHandler", "RangePopHandler", "MarkHandler"]
 
 
diff --git a/monai/losses/contrastive.py b/monai/losses/contrastive.py
index 7292b4bc56..ad53269f82 100644
--- a/monai/losses/contrastive.py
+++ b/monai/losses/contrastive.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 
 class ContrastiveLoss(_Loss):
-
     """
     Compute the Contrastive loss defined in:
 
diff --git a/monai/losses/giou_loss.py b/monai/losses/giou_loss.py
index ec7e358f42..623e55921b 100644
--- a/monai/losses/giou_loss.py
+++ b/monai/losses/giou_loss.py
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 
 class BoxGIoULoss(_Loss):
-
     """
     Compute the generalized intersection over union (GIoU) loss of a pair of boxes.
     The two inputs should have the same shape. giou_loss = 1.0 - giou
diff --git a/monai/losses/ssim_loss.py b/monai/losses/ssim_loss.py
index 240023cdc4..4a1ceb5a16 100644
--- a/monai/losses/ssim_loss.py
+++ b/monai/losses/ssim_loss.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 from torch import nn
diff --git a/monai/losses/tversky.py b/monai/losses/tversky.py
index ee6d7d933b..a0735c24e0 100644
--- a/monai/losses/tversky.py
+++ b/monai/losses/tversky.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 
 class TverskyLoss(_Loss):
-
     """
     Compute the Tversky loss defined in:
 
diff --git a/monai/metrics/froc.py b/monai/metrics/froc.py
index 93ad625b90..56e0755b99 100644
--- a/monai/metrics/froc.py
+++ b/monai/metrics/froc.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/monai/networks/blocks/backbone_fpn_utils.py b/monai/networks/blocks/backbone_fpn_utils.py
index c663485583..145a4ac2e1 100644
--- a/monai/networks/blocks/backbone_fpn_utils.py
+++ b/monai/networks/blocks/backbone_fpn_utils.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 # CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 # OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
 """
 This script is modified from from torchvision to support N-D images,
 by overriding the definition of convolutional layers and pooling layers.
diff --git a/monai/networks/blocks/dints_block.py b/monai/networks/blocks/dints_block.py
index b7365f50e3..1823845adf 100644
--- a/monai/networks/blocks/dints_block.py
+++ b/monai/networks/blocks/dints_block.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Tuple, Union
 
 import torch
diff --git a/monai/networks/blocks/feature_pyramid_network.py b/monai/networks/blocks/feature_pyramid_network.py
index 13897a51a0..f950321297 100644
--- a/monai/networks/blocks/feature_pyramid_network.py
+++ b/monai/networks/blocks/feature_pyramid_network.py
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 # CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 # OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
 """
 This script is modified from from torchvision to support N-D images,
 by overriding the definition of convolutional layers and pooling layers.
diff --git a/monai/networks/blocks/unetr_block.py b/monai/networks/blocks/unetr_block.py
index a9d871a644..452a535a2a 100644
--- a/monai/networks/blocks/unetr_block.py
+++ b/monai/networks/blocks/unetr_block.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
 import torch
diff --git a/monai/networks/layers/factories.py b/monai/networks/layers/factories.py
index 4cde478f7a..a58dbc161f 100644
--- a/monai/networks/layers/factories.py
+++ b/monai/networks/layers/factories.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 Defines factories for creating layers in generic, extensible, and dimensionally independent ways. A separate factory
 object is created for each type of layer, and factory functions keyed to names are added to these objects. Whenever
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ def use_factory(fact_args):
 
 InstanceNorm3dNVFuser, has_nvfuser = optional_import("apex.normalization", name="InstanceNorm3dNVFuser")
 
-
 __all__ = ["LayerFactory", "Dropout", "Norm", "Act", "Conv", "Pool", "Pad", "split_args"]
 
 
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/dints.py b/monai/networks/nets/dints.py
index b7f3921a47..334d0abf0d 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/dints.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/dints.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import warnings
 from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/dynunet.py b/monai/networks/nets/dynunet.py
index 053ab255b8..ad7251241b 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/dynunet.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/dynunet.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
 import torch
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/senet.py b/monai/networks/nets/senet.py
index 8933cbe7e9..b4c024b1f2 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/senet.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/senet.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
     "SE_NET_MODELS",
 ]
 
-
 SE_NET_MODELS = {
     "senet154": "http://data.lip6.fr/cadene/pretrainedmodels/senet154-c7b49a05.pth",
     "se_resnet50": "http://data.lip6.fr/cadene/pretrainedmodels/se_resnet50-ce0d4300.pth",
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/torchvision_fc.py b/monai/networks/nets/torchvision_fc.py
index 50436e8516..85103a2c04 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/torchvision_fc.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/torchvision_fc.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 models, _ = optional_import("torchvision.models")
 
-
 __all__ = ["TorchVisionFCModel"]
 
 
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/vit.py b/monai/networks/nets/vit.py
index 971a7bd126..e4166c78b6 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/vit.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/vit.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Sequence, Union
 
 import torch
diff --git a/monai/networks/nets/vitautoenc.py b/monai/networks/nets/vitautoenc.py
index 9e5490f9d6..6197f6bd99 100644
--- a/monai/networks/nets/vitautoenc.py
+++ b/monai/networks/nets/vitautoenc.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Sequence, Union
 
 import torch
diff --git a/monai/transforms/adaptors.py b/monai/transforms/adaptors.py
index 92fd11cf79..1edbcc63e2 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/adaptors.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/adaptors.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 How to use the adaptor function
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/monai/transforms/signal/array.py b/monai/transforms/signal/array.py
index 6b904ad1c5..07f29a3039 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/signal/array.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/signal/array.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 central_frequency, has_central_frequency = optional_import("pywt", name="central_frequency")
 cwt, has_cwt = optional_import("pywt", name="cwt")
 
-
 __all__ = [
     "SignalRandDrop",
     "SignalRandScale",
diff --git a/monai/transforms/smooth_field/array.py b/monai/transforms/smooth_field/array.py
index 3f6ddf7704..13507339e1 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/smooth_field/array.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/smooth_field/array.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """Transforms using a smooth spatial field generated by interpolating from smaller randomized fields."""
 
 from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, Union
diff --git a/monai/transforms/smooth_field/dictionary.py b/monai/transforms/smooth_field/dictionary.py
index eb975ceb04..08fb71edb4 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/smooth_field/dictionary.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/smooth_field/dictionary.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Any, Hashable, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Union
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/monai/transforms/utility/array.py b/monai/transforms/utility/array.py
index 8d891958de..7a1f86c1e0 100644
--- a/monai/transforms/utility/array.py
+++ b/monai/transforms/utility/array.py
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
 pil_image_fromarray, _ = optional_import("PIL.Image", name="fromarray")
 cp, has_cp = optional_import("cupy")
 
-
 __all__ = [
     "Identity",
     "AsChannelFirst",
diff --git a/monai/utils/aliases.py b/monai/utils/aliases.py
index 0ae79e26ff..1a63c3aba8 100644
--- a/monai/utils/aliases.py
+++ b/monai/utils/aliases.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 This module is written for configurable workflow, not currently in use.
 """
diff --git a/monai/utils/jupyter_utils.py b/monai/utils/jupyter_utils.py
index bc7d703d4b..f9eb00aa02 100644
--- a/monai/utils/jupyter_utils.py
+++ b/monai/utils/jupyter_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 This set of utility function is meant to make using Jupyter notebooks easier with MONAI. Plotting functions using
 Matplotlib produce common plots for metrics and images.
diff --git a/monai/utils/type_conversion.py b/monai/utils/type_conversion.py
index cf86e2bde7..33c7bb5f3b 100644
--- a/monai/utils/type_conversion.py
+++ b/monai/utils/type_conversion.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
     "convert_to_dst_type",
 ]
 
-
 # conversion map for types unsupported by torch.as_tensor
 UNSUPPORTED_TYPES = {np.dtype("uint16"): np.int32, np.dtype("uint32"): np.int64, np.dtype("uint64"): np.int64}
 
diff --git a/monai/visualize/gradient_based.py b/monai/visualize/gradient_based.py
index 106378dff2..7f4ddce1d0 100644
--- a/monai/visualize/gradient_based.py
+++ b/monai/visualize/gradient_based.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 trange, has_trange = optional_import("tqdm", name="trange")
 
-
 __all__ = ["VanillaGrad", "SmoothGrad", "GuidedBackpropGrad", "GuidedBackpropSmoothGrad"]
 
 
diff --git a/monai/visualize/visualizer.py b/monai/visualize/visualizer.py
index 5f19e4f63f..05ebb2e280 100644
--- a/monai/visualize/visualizer.py
+++ b/monai/visualize/visualizer.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 from typing import Callable
 
 import torch
diff --git a/tests/profile_subclass/cprofile_profiling.py b/tests/profile_subclass/cprofile_profiling.py
index a6c940c9c0..0befa0f450 100644
--- a/tests/profile_subclass/cprofile_profiling.py
+++ b/tests/profile_subclass/cprofile_profiling.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 Profiling MetaTensor
 """
diff --git a/tests/profile_subclass/min_classes.py b/tests/profile_subclass/min_classes.py
index 87c0ce671d..702ba73e21 100644
--- a/tests/profile_subclass/min_classes.py
+++ b/tests/profile_subclass/min_classes.py
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
-
 """
 Minimal subclassing as baselines
 Adapted from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/tree/v1.11.0/benchmarks/overrides_benchmark
diff --git a/tests/profile_subclass/profiling.py b/tests/profile_subclass/profiling.py
index 28740e82e1..46047b619c 100644
--- a/tests/profile_subclass/profiling.py
+++ b/tests/profile_subclass/profiling.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 Comparing torch.Tensor, SubTensor, SubWithTorchFunc, MetaTensor
 Adapted from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/tree/v1.11.0/benchmarks/overrides_benchmark
diff --git a/tests/profile_subclass/pyspy_profiling.py b/tests/profile_subclass/pyspy_profiling.py
index 302bfd39c3..1caeee69e7 100644
--- a/tests/profile_subclass/pyspy_profiling.py
+++ b/tests/profile_subclass/pyspy_profiling.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """
 To be used with py-spy, comparing torch.Tensor, SubTensor, SubWithTorchFunc, MetaTensor
 Adapted from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/tree/v1.11.0/benchmarks/overrides_benchmark
diff --git a/tests/test_affine_grid.py b/tests/test_affine_grid.py
index b481601df5..23651c8b6b 100644
--- a/tests/test_affine_grid.py
+++ b/tests/test_affine_grid.py
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@
             ]
         )
 
-
 _rtol = 5e-2 if is_tf32_env() else 1e-4
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_cachedataset.py b/tests/test_cachedataset.py
index 4fa1b5ea69..e30a34b335 100644
--- a/tests/test_cachedataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_cachedataset.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 
 TEST_CASE_2 = [None, (128, 128, 128)]
 
-
 TEST_DS = []
 for c in (0, 1, 2):
     for l in (0, 1, 2):
diff --git a/tests/test_cast_to_typed.py b/tests/test_cast_to_typed.py
index 4c7623a9e0..1ac23314a5 100644
--- a/tests/test_cast_to_typed.py
+++ b/tests/test_cast_to_typed.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
     {"img": torch.float64, "seg": torch.int8},
 ]
 
-
 TESTS_CUPY = [
     [
         {"keys": "image", "dtype": np.uint8},
diff --git a/tests/test_center_scale_crop.py b/tests/test_center_scale_crop.py
index ab07a44eb5..3fe7a453d3 100644
--- a/tests/test_center_scale_crop.py
+++ b/tests/test_center_scale_crop.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/test_center_scale_cropd.py b/tests/test_center_scale_cropd.py
index 894692530d..088c1c70e7 100644
--- a/tests/test_center_scale_cropd.py
+++ b/tests/test_center_scale_cropd.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
     [{"keys": "img", "roi_scale": 0.5}, (3, 3, 3, 3), (3, 2, 2, 2)],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_VALUES = [
     [
         {"keys": "img", "roi_scale": [0.4, 0.4]},
diff --git a/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps.py b/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps.py
index f5091a57af..5c4674dd04 100644
--- a/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps.py
+++ b/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 _, has_skimage = optional_import("skimage", "0.19.0", min_version)
 
-
 INSTANCE_MASK = np.zeros((1, 16, 16), dtype="int16")
 INSTANCE_MASK[:, 5:8, 4:11] = 1
 INSTANCE_MASK[:, 3:5, 6:9] = 1
diff --git a/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps_d.py b/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps_d.py
index 3c20c7f200..475e50bc70 100644
--- a/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps_d.py
+++ b/tests/test_compute_ho_ver_maps_d.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 _, has_skimage = optional_import("skimage", "0.19.0", min_version)
 
-
 INSTANCE_MASK = np.zeros((1, 16, 16), dtype="int16")
 INSTANCE_MASK[:, 5:8, 4:11] = 1
 INSTANCE_MASK[:, 3:5, 6:9] = 1
diff --git a/tests/test_config_parser.py b/tests/test_config_parser.py
index 18c91d719c..d02a05c914 100644
--- a/tests/test_config_parser.py
+++ b/tests/test_config_parser.py
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ def __call__(self, a, b):
     }
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_3 = [
     {
         "A": 1,
diff --git a/tests/test_convert_data_type.py b/tests/test_convert_data_type.py
index b49e7ebd52..d411f3f972 100644
--- a/tests/test_convert_data_type.py
+++ b/tests/test_convert_data_type.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
             )
         )
 
-
 UNSUPPORTED_TYPES = {np.dtype("uint16"): torch.int32, np.dtype("uint32"): torch.int64, np.dtype("uint64"): torch.int64}
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_cucim_dict_transform.py b/tests/test_cucim_dict_transform.py
index f8b54c3147..4a6d2f9d51 100644
--- a/tests/test_cucim_dict_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_cucim_dict_transform.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     np.array([[[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_ROTATE_1 = [
     {"name": "image_rotate_90", "k": 1, "spatial_axis": (-2, -1)},
     np.array([[[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
diff --git a/tests/test_cucim_transform.py b/tests/test_cucim_transform.py
index 2bf9791bce..dd73ad94c0 100644
--- a/tests/test_cucim_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_cucim_transform.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     np.array([[[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 0.0], [3.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_ROTATE_1 = [
     {"name": "image_rotate_90", "k": 1, "spatial_axis": (-2, -1)},
     np.array([[[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
diff --git a/tests/test_decollate.py b/tests/test_decollate.py
index a634471be5..538eb38311 100644
--- a/tests/test_decollate.py
+++ b/tests/test_decollate.py
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
 TESTS_LIST.append((RandRotate90(prob=0.0, max_k=1),))
 TESTS_LIST.append((RandAffine(prob=0.0, translate_range=10),))
 
-
 TEST_BASIC = [
     [("channel", "channel"), ["channel", "channel"]],
     [torch.Tensor([1, 2, 3]), [torch.tensor(1.0), torch.tensor(2.0), torch.tensor(3.0)]],
diff --git a/tests/test_deepedit_transforms.py b/tests/test_deepedit_transforms.py
index 3d4870d2fd..f608a4342f 100644
--- a/tests/test_deepedit_transforms.py
+++ b/tests/test_deepedit_transforms.py
@@ -140,7 +140,6 @@
 
 DATA_11 = {"image": IMAGE, "label": LABEL, "label_names": LABEL_NAMES, "pred": PRED}
 
-
 ADD_GUIDANCE_FROM_POINTS_TEST_CASE = [
     {"ref_image": "image", "guidance": "guidance", "label_names": LABEL_NAMES},  # arguments
     DATA_4,  # input_data
diff --git a/tests/test_densenet.py b/tests/test_densenet.py
index 47f584297e..66f27cba51 100644
--- a/tests/test_densenet.py
+++ b/tests/test_densenet.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 else:
     torchvision, has_torchvision = optional_import("torchvision")
 
-
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
 TEST_CASE_1 = [  # 4-channel 3D, batch 2
@@ -54,10 +53,8 @@
     for model in [DenseNet121, Densenet169, densenet201, DenseNet264]:
         TEST_CASES.append([model, *case])
 
-
 TEST_SCRIPT_CASES = [[model, *TEST_CASE_1] for model in [DenseNet121, Densenet169, densenet201, DenseNet264]]
 
-
 TEST_PRETRAINED_2D_CASE_1 = [  # 4-channel 2D, batch 2
     DenseNet121,
     {"pretrained": True, "progress": True, "spatial_dims": 2, "in_channels": 2, "out_channels": 3},
diff --git a/tests/test_deprecated.py b/tests/test_deprecated.py
index 3d27994404..c94c300175 100644
--- a/tests/test_deprecated.py
+++ b/tests/test_deprecated.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/tests/test_fill_holes.py b/tests/test_fill_holes.py
index 4292ff3a22..688c65005e 100644
--- a/tests/test_fill_holes.py
+++ b/tests/test_fill_holes.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
diff --git a/tests/test_fill_holesd.py b/tests/test_fill_holesd.py
index fce90fd86a..7711df36b3 100644
--- a/tests/test_fill_holesd.py
+++ b/tests/test_fill_holesd.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
diff --git a/tests/test_fl_exchange_object.py b/tests/test_fl_exchange_object.py
index 7c8087da27..bb2d0372db 100644
--- a/tests/test_fl_exchange_object.py
+++ b/tests/test_fl_exchange_object.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 models, has_torchvision = optional_import("torchvision.models")
 
-
 TEST_INIT_1 = [{"weights": None, "optim": None, "metrics": None, "weight_type": None, "statistics": None}, "{}"]
 TEST_INIT_2: list = []
 if has_torchvision:
diff --git a/tests/test_fl_monai_algo.py b/tests/test_fl_monai_algo.py
index 8c2709c582..66722d0086 100644
--- a/tests/test_fl_monai_algo.py
+++ b/tests/test_fl_monai_algo.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import json
 import os
 import unittest
diff --git a/tests/test_get_unique_labels.py b/tests/test_get_unique_labels.py
index 9bc6f9b152..67953a3205 100644
--- a/tests/test_get_unique_labels.py
+++ b/tests/test_get_unique_labels.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
diff --git a/tests/test_globalnet.py b/tests/test_globalnet.py
index ef0209e397..4a3e9c124c 100644
--- a/tests/test_globalnet.py
+++ b/tests/test_globalnet.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASES_GLOBAL_NET = [
     [
         {
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_confusion_matrix_dist.py b/tests/test_handler_confusion_matrix_dist.py
index 325a799098..511e84d22a 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_confusion_matrix_dist.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_confusion_matrix_dist.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_garbage_collector.py b/tests/test_handler_garbage_collector.py
index 0350ba62fb..e3bc3411b9 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_garbage_collector.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_garbage_collector.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 Events, has_ignite = optional_import("ignite.engine", IgniteInfo.OPT_IMPORT_VERSION, min_version, "Events")
 
-
 TEST_CASE_0 = [[0, 1, 2], "epoch"]
 
 TEST_CASE_1 = [[0, 1, 2], "iteration"]
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_mean_dice.py b/tests/test_handler_mean_dice.py
index 587062c3b3..88eb4fbdcd 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_mean_dice.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_mean_dice.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class TestHandlerMeanDice(unittest.TestCase):
     @parameterized.expand([TEST_CASE_1, TEST_CASE_2, TEST_CASE_3])
     def test_compute(self, input_params, expected_avg, details_shape):
         dice_metric = MeanDice(**input_params)
+
         # set up engine
 
         def _val_func(engine, batch):
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_mean_iou.py b/tests/test_handler_mean_iou.py
index 4b0bfb09c3..fdd4a5d04d 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_mean_iou.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_mean_iou.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class TestHandlerMeanIoU(unittest.TestCase):
     @parameterized.expand([TEST_CASE_1, TEST_CASE_2, TEST_CASE_3])
     def test_compute(self, input_params, expected_avg, details_shape):
         iou_metric = MeanIoUHandler(**input_params)
+
         # set up engine
 
         def _val_func(engine, batch):
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_metrics_saver_dist.py b/tests/test_handler_metrics_saver_dist.py
index a92fdf93d3..426d99c223 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_metrics_saver_dist.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_metrics_saver_dist.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import csv
 import os
 import tempfile
diff --git a/tests/test_handler_rocauc_dist.py b/tests/test_handler_rocauc_dist.py
index 5113911d7c..994cbe139b 100644
--- a/tests/test_handler_rocauc_dist.py
+++ b/tests/test_handler_rocauc_dist.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/test_integration_stn.py b/tests/test_integration_stn.py
index e655ff6755..5b9b22668a 100644
--- a/tests/test_integration_stn.py
+++ b/tests/test_integration_stn.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/test_label_filter.py b/tests/test_label_filter.py
index b782f90441..42aa419b1d 100644
--- a/tests/test_label_filter.py
+++ b/tests/test_label_filter.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@
 
     VALID_TESTS.append(["filter_all", {"applied_labels": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}, p(grid_1), p(grid_1)])
 
-
 ITEST_CASE_1 = ["invalid_image_data_type", {"applied_labels": 1}, [[[[1, 1, 1]]]], NotImplementedError]
 
 INVALID_CASES = [ITEST_CASE_1]
diff --git a/tests/test_label_filterd.py b/tests/test_label_filterd.py
index d53dc21faf..eea18d0278 100644
--- a/tests/test_label_filterd.py
+++ b/tests/test_label_filterd.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
@@ -51,7 +50,6 @@
 
     VALID_TESTS.append(["filter_all", {"applied_labels": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]}, p(grid_1), p(grid_1)])
 
-
 ITEST_CASE_1 = ["invalid_image_data_type", {"applied_labels": 1}, [[[[1, 1, 1]]]], NotImplementedError]
 
 INVALID_CASES = [ITEST_CASE_1]
diff --git a/tests/test_lesion_froc.py b/tests/test_lesion_froc.py
index b135b3eaeb..8c9f751b1e 100644
--- a/tests/test_lesion_froc.py
+++ b/tests/test_lesion_froc.py
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ def prepare_test_data():
     np.nan,
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_1 = [
     {
         "data": [
@@ -163,7 +162,6 @@ def prepare_test_data():
     1.0,
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_4 = [
     {
         "data": [
@@ -196,7 +194,6 @@ def prepare_test_data():
     0.5,
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_6 = [
     {
         "data": [
diff --git a/tests/test_load_image.py b/tests/test_load_image.py
index cc227021a2..7dffa845ba 100644
--- a/tests/test_load_image.py
+++ b/tests/test_load_image.py
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ def get_data(self, _obj):
     (384, 128, 128),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_9 = [
     {"reader": ITKReader()},
     ["test_image.nii.gz", "test_image2.nii.gz", "test_image3.nii.gz"],
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ def get_data(self, _obj):
 # test reader consistency between PydicomReader and ITKReader on dicom data
 TEST_CASE_22 = ["tests/testing_data/CT_DICOM"]
 
-
 TESTS_META = []
 for track_meta in (False, True):
     TESTS_META.append([{}, (128, 128, 128), track_meta])
diff --git a/tests/test_loader_semaphore.py b/tests/test_loader_semaphore.py
index bbb2d4eef6..85cf5593f8 100644
--- a/tests/test_loader_semaphore.py
+++ b/tests/test_loader_semaphore.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 """this test should not generate errors or
 UserWarning: semaphore_tracker: There appear to be 1 leaked semaphores"""
 import multiprocessing as mp
diff --git a/tests/test_local_normalized_cross_correlation_loss.py b/tests/test_local_normalized_cross_correlation_loss.py
index 93e0281885..394e514f43 100644
--- a/tests/test_local_normalized_cross_correlation_loss.py
+++ b/tests/test_local_normalized_cross_correlation_loss.py
@@ -147,6 +147,5 @@ def test_ill_opts(self):
 #         loss = LocalNormalizedCrossCorrelationLoss(**input_param)
 #         test_script_save(loss, input_data["pred"], input_data["target"])
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_localnet.py b/tests/test_localnet.py
index 1a288fb447..9296edab99 100644
--- a/tests/test_localnet.py
+++ b/tests/test_localnet.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
-
 TEST_CASE_LOCALNET_2D = [
     [
         {
diff --git a/tests/test_masked_inference_wsi_dataset.py b/tests/test_masked_inference_wsi_dataset.py
index 85683ea88c..661f728e47 100644
--- a/tests/test_masked_inference_wsi_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_masked_inference_wsi_dataset.py
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ def prepare_data():
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_OPENSLIDE_0 = [
     {"data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, "mask": MASK1}], "patch_size": 1, "image_reader_name": "OpenSlide"},
     [{"image": np.array([[[243]], [[243]], [[243]]], dtype=np.uint8), "name": FILE_NAME, "mask_location": [100, 100]}],
diff --git a/tests/test_masked_patch_wsi_dataset.py b/tests/test_masked_patch_wsi_dataset.py
index e0846c867b..9783c2d7cf 100644
--- a/tests/test_masked_patch_wsi_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_masked_patch_wsi_dataset.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 _, has_codec = optional_import("imagecodecs")
 has_tiff = has_tiff and has_codec
 
-
 FILE_KEY = "wsi_img"
 FILE_URL = testing_data_config("images", FILE_KEY, "url")
 base_name, extension = os.path.basename(f"{FILE_URL}"), ".tiff"
diff --git a/tests/test_milmodel.py b/tests/test_milmodel.py
index 3a6ea9a1bd..2d58af4a2b 100644
--- a/tests/test_milmodel.py
+++ b/tests/test_milmodel.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
-
 TEST_CASE_MILMODEL = []
 for num_classes in [1, 5]:
     for mil_mode in ["mean", "max", "att", "att_trans", "att_trans_pyramid"]:
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@
         ]
         TEST_CASE_MILMODEL.append(test_case)
 
-
 for trans_blocks in [1, 3]:
     test_case = [
         {"num_classes": 5, "pretrained": False, "trans_blocks": trans_blocks, "trans_dropout": 0.5},
diff --git a/tests/test_nvtx_decorator.py b/tests/test_nvtx_decorator.py
index 9932b678c9..7dd2dd81b5 100644
--- a/tests/test_nvtx_decorator.py
+++ b/tests/test_nvtx_decorator.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 _, has_tvt = optional_import("torchvision.transforms")
 _, has_cut = optional_import("cucim.core.operations.expose.transform")
 
-
 TEST_CASE_ARRAY_0 = [np.random.randn(3, 3)]
 TEST_CASE_ARRAY_1 = [np.random.randn(3, 10, 10)]
 
diff --git a/tests/test_nvtx_transform.py b/tests/test_nvtx_transform.py
index 01a069ed8a..fd784f6d32 100644
--- a/tests/test_nvtx_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_nvtx_transform.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 
 _, has_nvtx = optional_import("torch._C._nvtx", descriptor="NVTX is not installed. Are you sure you have a CUDA build?")
 
-
 TEST_CASE_ARRAY_0 = [np.random.randn(3, 3)]
 TEST_CASE_ARRAY_1 = [np.random.randn(3, 10, 10)]
 TEST_CASE_DICT_0 = [{"image": np.random.randn(3, 3)}]
diff --git a/tests/test_occlusion_sensitivity.py b/tests/test_occlusion_sensitivity.py
index cedc8ed1a3..5239e120e5 100644
--- a/tests/test_occlusion_sensitivity.py
+++ b/tests/test_occlusion_sensitivity.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ def __call__(self, x, adjoint_info):
 model_3d.eval()
 model_2d_adjoint.eval()
 
-
 TESTS: List[Any] = []
 TESTS_FAIL: List[Any] = []
 
diff --git a/tests/test_one_of.py b/tests/test_one_of.py
index 8171acb6da..2ea41c6e50 100644
--- a/tests/test_one_of.py
+++ b/tests/test_one_of.py
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ def test_len_and_flatten(self):
     def test_compose_flatten_does_not_affect_one_of(self):
         p = Compose([A(), B(), OneOf([C(), Inv(KEYS), Compose([X(), Y()])])])
         f = p.flatten()
+
         # in this case the flattened transform should be the same.
 
         def _match(a, b):
diff --git a/tests/test_ori_ras_lps.py b/tests/test_ori_ras_lps.py
index 4ed223bf5b..d0a9b034e4 100644
--- a/tests/test_ori_ras_lps.py
+++ b/tests/test_ori_ras_lps.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/tests/test_orientation.py b/tests/test_orientation.py
index 7c4a1863c7..979f6ae485 100644
--- a/tests/test_orientation.py
+++ b/tests/test_orientation.py
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@
     for device in TEST_DEVICES:
         TESTS_TORCH.append([{"axcodes": "LPS"}, torch.zeros((1, 3, 4, 5)), track_meta, *device])
 
-
 ILL_CASES = [
     # too short axcodes
     [{"axcodes": "RA"}, torch.arange(12).reshape((2, 1, 2, 3)), torch.eye(4)]
diff --git a/tests/test_patch_wsi_dataset.py b/tests/test_patch_wsi_dataset.py
index 8f1ec12990..0ba1a4a649 100644
--- a/tests/test_patch_wsi_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_patch_wsi_dataset.py
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
     [{"image": np.array([[[239]], [[239]], [[239]]], dtype=np.uint8), "label": np.array([[[1]]])}],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_DEP_1 = [
     {
         "data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, WSIPatchKeys.LOCATION.value: [10004, 20004], "label": [0, 0, 0, 1]}],
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_DEP_1_L0 = [
     {
         "data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, WSIPatchKeys.LOCATION.value: [10004, 20004], "label": [0, 0, 0, 1]}],
@@ -106,7 +104,6 @@
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_DEP_1_L1 = [
     {
         "data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, WSIPatchKeys.LOCATION.value: [10004, 20004], "label": [0, 0, 0, 1]}],
@@ -180,7 +177,6 @@
     [{"image": np.array([[[239]], [[239]], [[239]]], dtype=np.uint8), "label": np.array([[[1]]])}],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_DEP_OPENSLIDE_0_L2 = [
     {
         "data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, WSIPatchKeys.LOCATION.value: [0, 0], "label": [1]}],
@@ -209,7 +205,6 @@
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_0 = [
     {
         "data": [{"image": FILE_PATH, WSIPatchKeys.LOCATION.value: [0, 0], "label": [1], "patch_level": 0}],
diff --git a/tests/test_pathology_he_stain.py b/tests/test_pathology_he_stain.py
index 7b884315fc..ac4e94144a 100644
--- a/tests/test_pathology_he_stain.py
+++ b/tests/test_pathology_he_stain.py
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
     np.array([[0.70710677, 0.18696113], [0.0, 0.0], [0.70710677, 0.98236734]]),
 ]
 
-
 # input pixels all transparent and below the beta absorbance threshold
 NORMALIZE_STAINS_TEST_CASE_1 = [np.full((3, 2, 3), 240)]
 
diff --git a/tests/test_prepare_batch_default_dist.py b/tests/test_prepare_batch_default_dist.py
index 95d01d2a16..3c7532e916 100644
--- a/tests/test_prepare_batch_default_dist.py
+++ b/tests/test_prepare_batch_default_dist.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 import torch
diff --git a/tests/test_pytorch_version_after.py b/tests/test_pytorch_version_after.py
index 68abb9571f..be43e49f82 100644
--- a/tests/test_pytorch_version_after.py
+++ b/tests/test_pytorch_version_after.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import unittest
 
 from parameterized import parameterized
diff --git a/tests/test_rand_cucim_dict_transform.py b/tests/test_rand_cucim_dict_transform.py
index a109bee845..e72101e470 100644
--- a/tests/test_rand_cucim_dict_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_rand_cucim_dict_transform.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     np.array([[[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_RAND_ROTATE_2 = [
     {"name": "rand_image_rotate_90", "prob": 0.0, "max_k": 1, "spatial_axis": (-2, -1)},
     np.array([[[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
diff --git a/tests/test_rand_cucim_transform.py b/tests/test_rand_cucim_transform.py
index 30164e4170..0f37b3f6cb 100644
--- a/tests/test_rand_cucim_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_rand_cucim_transform.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     np.array([[[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 3.0], [0.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_RAND_ROTATE_2 = [
     {"name": "rand_image_rotate_90", "prob": 0.0, "max_k": 1, "spatial_axis": (-2, -1)},
     np.array([[[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]]], dtype=np.float32),
diff --git a/tests/test_rand_rotated.py b/tests/test_rand_rotated.py
index a22c33187b..e19f8a513f 100644
--- a/tests/test_rand_rotated.py
+++ b/tests/test_rand_rotated.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
     TEST_CASES_2D.append((p, np.pi, False, "nearest", "zeros", True))
     TEST_CASES_2D.append((p, (-np.pi / 4, 0), False, "nearest", "zeros", True))
 
-
 TEST_CASES_3D: List[Tuple] = []
 for p in TEST_NDARRAYS_ALL:
     TEST_CASES_3D.append(
diff --git a/tests/test_rand_weighted_crop.py b/tests/test_rand_weighted_crop.py
index 53913ce987..2e1fcad4b2 100644
--- a/tests/test_rand_weighted_crop.py
+++ b/tests/test_rand_weighted_crop.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ def get_data(ndim):
 IMT_2D, SEG1_2D, SEGN_2D = get_data(ndim=2)
 IMT_3D, SEG1_3D, SEGN_3D = get_data(ndim=3)
 
-
 TESTS = []
 for p in TEST_NDARRAYS_ALL:
     for q in TEST_NDARRAYS_ALL:
diff --git a/tests/test_reference_based_normalize_intensity.py b/tests/test_reference_based_normalize_intensity.py
index 0f5fa7d627..01811e5907 100644
--- a/tests/test_reference_based_normalize_intensity.py
+++ b/tests/test_reference_based_normalize_intensity.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 # which focuses on (1) automatic target normalization and (2) mean-std
 # return values
 
-
 TESTS = []
 for p in TEST_NDARRAYS_NO_META_TENSOR:
     TESTS.append(
diff --git a/tests/test_reference_based_spatial_cropd.py b/tests/test_reference_based_spatial_cropd.py
index d1f6230da4..ab5573044d 100644
--- a/tests/test_reference_based_spatial_cropd.py
+++ b/tests/test_reference_based_spatial_cropd.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 # here, we test TargetBasedSpatialCropd's functionality
 # which focuses on automatic input crop based on target image's shape.
 
-
 TESTS = []
 for p in TEST_NDARRAYS:
     # 2D
diff --git a/tests/test_regunet.py b/tests/test_regunet.py
index e37ca49538..04f971d2eb 100644
--- a/tests/test_regunet.py
+++ b/tests/test_regunet.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
-
 TEST_CASE_REGUNET_2D = [
     [
         {
diff --git a/tests/test_resnet.py b/tests/test_resnet.py
index 88499f78d0..ae05f36210 100644
--- a/tests/test_resnet.py
+++ b/tests/test_resnet.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 else:
     torchvision, has_torchvision = optional_import("torchvision")
 
-
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
 TEST_CASE_1 = [  # 3D, batch 3, 2 input channel
diff --git a/tests/test_retinanet.py b/tests/test_retinanet.py
index 3c136a4cf2..f067e82962 100644
--- a/tests/test_retinanet.py
+++ b/tests/test_retinanet.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 _, has_torchvision = optional_import("torchvision")
 
-
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 num_anchors = 7
 
diff --git a/tests/test_retinanet_detector.py b/tests/test_retinanet_detector.py
index 99a70fb5fa..243828432d 100644
--- a/tests/test_retinanet_detector.py
+++ b/tests/test_retinanet_detector.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 _, has_torchvision = optional_import("torchvision")
 
-
 num_anchors = 7
 
 TEST_CASE_1 = [  # 3D, batch 3, 2 input channel
diff --git a/tests/test_senet.py b/tests/test_senet.py
index 34f140638e..b0d8ac0c0a 100644
--- a/tests/test_senet.py
+++ b/tests/test_senet.py
@@ -30,10 +30,8 @@
 else:
     pretrainedmodels, has_cadene_pretrain = optional_import("pretrainedmodels")
 
-
 device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
 
-
 NET_ARGS = {"spatial_dims": 3, "in_channels": 2, "num_classes": 2}
 TEST_CASE_1 = [SENet154, NET_ARGS]
 TEST_CASE_2 = [SEResNet50, NET_ARGS]
diff --git a/tests/test_sliding_patch_wsi_dataset.py b/tests/test_sliding_patch_wsi_dataset.py
index 819a363b67..06395cf26c 100644
--- a/tests/test_sliding_patch_wsi_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/test_sliding_patch_wsi_dataset.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 _, has_codec = optional_import("imagecodecs")
 has_tiff = has_tiff and has_codec
 
-
 FILE_KEY = "wsi_img"
 FILE_URL = testing_data_config("images", FILE_KEY, "url")
 base_name, extension = os.path.basename(f"{FILE_URL}"), ".tiff"
@@ -143,7 +142,6 @@
     ],
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_SMALL_7 = [
     {"data": [{"image": FILE_PATH_SMALL_0, WSIPatchKeys.LEVEL: 0, WSIPatchKeys.SIZE: (2, 2)}], "offset": (1, 0)},
     [{"image": ARRAY_SMALL_0[:, 1:3, :2]}, {"image": ARRAY_SMALL_0[:, 1:3, 2:]}],
diff --git a/tests/test_spacing.py b/tests/test_spacing.py
index c260171d02..ba44bf76f2 100644
--- a/tests/test_spacing.py
+++ b/tests/test_spacing.py
@@ -248,7 +248,6 @@
         ]
     )
 
-
 TESTS_TORCH = []
 for track_meta in (False, True):
     for p in TEST_NDARRAYS_ALL:
diff --git a/tests/test_spacingd.py b/tests/test_spacingd.py
index d3c7bbc629..22729fd1b2 100644
--- a/tests/test_spacingd.py
+++ b/tests/test_spacingd.py
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@
         )
     )
 
-
 TESTS_TORCH = []
 for track_meta in (False, True):
     for device in TEST_DEVICES:
diff --git a/tests/test_spatial_resample.py b/tests/test_spatial_resample.py
index 33ff971a71..30bf33149b 100644
--- a/tests/test_spatial_resample.py
+++ b/tests/test_spatial_resample.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 
 TESTS = []
 
-
 destinations_3d = [
     torch.tensor([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),
     torch.tensor([[-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@
     TESTS.append(deepcopy(TESTS[-1]))
     TESTS[-1][2].update({"align_corners": True, "mode": 1, "padding_mode": "reflect"})  # type: ignore
 
-
 destinations_2d = [
     torch.tensor([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 1.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),  # flip the second
     torch.tensor([[-1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),  # flip the first
diff --git a/tests/test_spatial_resampled.py b/tests/test_spatial_resampled.py
index b9c221124c..5ace0b3774 100644
--- a/tests/test_spatial_resampled.py
+++ b/tests/test_spatial_resampled.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 TESTS = []
 
-
 destinations_3d = [
     torch.tensor([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),
     torch.tensor([[-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]),
diff --git a/tests/test_subpixel_upsample.py b/tests/test_subpixel_upsample.py
index 3e5370473c..bd46aecb97 100644
--- a/tests/test_subpixel_upsample.py
+++ b/tests/test_subpixel_upsample.py
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
 TEST_CASE_SUBPIXEL.append(TEST_CASE_SUBPIXEL_3D_EXTRA)
 TEST_CASE_SUBPIXEL.append(TEST_CASE_SUBPIXEL_CONV_BLOCK_EXTRA)
 
-
 # add every test back with the pad/pool sequential component omitted
 for tests in list(TEST_CASE_SUBPIXEL):
     args: dict = tests[0]  # type: ignore
diff --git a/tests/test_torchvision_fc_model.py b/tests/test_torchvision_fc_model.py
index 942d8f907f..d7341bc71e 100644
--- a/tests/test_torchvision_fc_model.py
+++ b/tests/test_torchvision_fc_model.py
@@ -135,7 +135,6 @@
     -0.010419349186122417,
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_PRETRAINED_6 = [
     {
         "model_name": "inception_v3",
diff --git a/tests/test_unetr_block.py b/tests/test_unetr_block.py
index c0f14c829d..8a4ee3a163 100644
--- a/tests/test_unetr_block.py
+++ b/tests/test_unetr_block.py
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
                     ]
                     TEST_UP_BLOCK.append(test_case)
 
-
 TEST_PRUP_BLOCK = []
 in_channels, out_channels = 4, 2
 for spatial_dims in range(1, 4):
diff --git a/tests/test_upsample_block.py b/tests/test_upsample_block.py
index 71884e2db1..535ad80c11 100644
--- a/tests/test_upsample_block.py
+++ b/tests/test_upsample_block.py
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@
         ]
         TEST_CASES_EQ.append(test_case)
 
-
 TEST_CASES_EQ2 = []  # type: ignore
 for s in range(2, 5):
     for k in range(1, 7):
diff --git a/tests/test_version_leq.py b/tests/test_version_leq.py
index 86fccca9fb..725c1ee128 100644
--- a/tests/test_version_leq.py
+++ b/tests/test_version_leq.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-
 import itertools
 import unittest
 
diff --git a/tests/test_video_datasets.py b/tests/test_video_datasets.py
index 7dcc3d1a6c..78e015e350 100644
--- a/tests/test_video_datasets.py
+++ b/tests/test_video_datasets.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 cv2, has_cv2 = optional_import("cv2")
 
-
 NUM_CAPTURE_DEVICES = CameraDataset.get_num_devices()
 TRANSFORMS = mt.Compose(
     [mt.EnsureChannelFirst(True, "no_channel"), mt.DivisiblePad(16), mt.ScaleIntensity(), mt.CastToType(torch.float32)]
diff --git a/tests/test_vis_gradbased.py b/tests/test_vis_gradbased.py
index 035cb2967b..5af8769872 100644
--- a/tests/test_vis_gradbased.py
+++ b/tests/test_vis_gradbased.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ def __call__(self, x, adjoint_info):
 SENET3D = SEResNet50(spatial_dims=3, in_channels=3, num_classes=4)
 DENSENET2DADJOINT = DenseNetAdjoint(spatial_dims=2, in_channels=1, out_channels=3)
 
-
 TESTS = []
 for type in (VanillaGrad, SmoothGrad, GuidedBackpropGrad, GuidedBackpropSmoothGrad):
     # 2D densenet
diff --git a/tests/test_wsireader.py b/tests/test_wsireader.py
index 288dacc0be..5fb113e193 100644
--- a/tests/test_wsireader.py
+++ b/tests/test_wsireader.py
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@
     np.moveaxis(np.array([[[239], [239]], [[239], [239]], [[239], [239]]]), 0, -1),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_5 = [
     FILE_PATH,
     {"level": 2},
@@ -127,7 +126,6 @@
     ),
 ]
 
-
 TEST_CASE_RGB_0 = [np.ones((3, 2, 2), dtype=np.uint8)]  # CHW
 
 TEST_CASE_RGB_1 = [np.ones((3, 100, 100), dtype=np.uint8)]  # CHW
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
index 49efbe3f99..1f632261dd 100644
--- a/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -771,12 +771,10 @@ def command_line_tests(cmd, copy_env=True):
 # alias for branch tests
 TEST_NDARRAYS_ALL = TEST_NDARRAYS
 
-
 TEST_DEVICES = [[torch.device("cpu")]]
 if torch.cuda.is_available():
     TEST_DEVICES.append([torch.device("cuda")])
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     print("\n", query_memory(), sep="\n")  # print to stdout
     sys.exit(0)