diff --git a/backend/app/alembic/versions/0f205e3779ee_add_api_key_table.py b/backend/app/alembic/versions/0f205e3779ee_add_api_key_table.py
index 6e864d245..b62314076 100644
--- a/backend/app/alembic/versions/0f205e3779ee_add_api_key_table.py
+++ b/backend/app/alembic/versions/0f205e3779ee_add_api_key_table.py
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ def upgrade():
     # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
     op.create_table(
         "apikey",
-        sa.Column("organization_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("user_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("key", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("key", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("user_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("organization_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("is_deleted", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("deleted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
             ["organization_id"], ["organization.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"
diff --git a/backend/app/alembic/versions/543f97951bd0_add_credential_table.py b/backend/app/alembic/versions/543f97951bd0_add_credential_table.py
index 392b259dd..24927d9b8 100644
--- a/backend/app/alembic/versions/543f97951bd0_add_credential_table.py
+++ b/backend/app/alembic/versions/543f97951bd0_add_credential_table.py
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 def upgrade():
     op.create_table(
         "credential",
-        sa.Column("organization_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("credential", sa.JSON(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("organization_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
         sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
         sa.Column("deleted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
diff --git a/backend/app/alembic/versions/99f4fc325617_add_organization_project_setup.py b/backend/app/alembic/versions/99f4fc325617_add_organization_project_setup.py
index c8a7f61c9..6fe3cadd2 100644
--- a/backend/app/alembic/versions/99f4fc325617_add_organization_project_setup.py
+++ b/backend/app/alembic/versions/99f4fc325617_add_organization_project_setup.py
@@ -21,21 +21,29 @@ def upgrade():
     # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
     op.create_table(
         "organization",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("name", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(length=255), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()
+        ),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
     )
     op.create_index(op.f("ix_organization_name"), "organization", ["name"], unique=True)
     op.create_table(
         "project",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("name", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(length=255), nullable=False),
         sa.Column(
             "description", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(length=500), nullable=True
         ),
         sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("organization_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()
+        ),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
             ["organization_id"], ["organization.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"
         ),
@@ -47,13 +55,15 @@ def upgrade():
     )
     op.create_table(
         "projectuser",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("project_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("user_id", sa.Uuid(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("is_admin", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("is_deleted", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()
+        ),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("deleted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["project_id"], ["project.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["user_id"], ["user.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
diff --git a/backend/app/alembic/versions/c43313eca57d_add_document_tables.py b/backend/app/alembic/versions/c43313eca57d_add_document_tables.py
index 5ff08940b..86adbb1ce 100644
--- a/backend/app/alembic/versions/c43313eca57d_add_document_tables.py
+++ b/backend/app/alembic/versions/c43313eca57d_add_document_tables.py
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ def upgrade():
         sa.Column(
             "object_store_url", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False
         ),
-        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("inserted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("deleted_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["owner_id"], ["user.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
         sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
diff --git a/backend/app/alembic/versions/e2412789c190_initialize_models.py b/backend/app/alembic/versions/e2412789c190_initialize_models.py
index 7529ea91f..9fa1784c0 100644
--- a/backend/app/alembic/versions/e2412789c190_initialize_models.py
+++ b/backend/app/alembic/versions/e2412789c190_initialize_models.py
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ def upgrade():
     # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
     op.create_table(
         "user",
-        sa.Column("email", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("is_superuser", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("full_name", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
         sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("full_name", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("email", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column(
             "hashed_password", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False
         ),
+        sa.Column("is_active", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("is_superuser", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False),
         sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id"),
     )
     op.create_index(op.f("ix_user_email"), "user", ["email"], unique=True)
     op.create_table(
         "item",
-        sa.Column("description", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
         sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-        sa.Column("title", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("owner_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("title", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("description", sqlmodel.sql.sqltypes.AutoString(), nullable=True),
         sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
             ["owner_id"],
             ["user.id"],
diff --git a/backend/app/api/deps.py b/backend/app/api/deps.py
index 3bbc85eb4..f14aa660b 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/deps.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/deps.py
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException):
     return JSONResponse(
         status_code=exc.status_code,
         content=APIResponse.failure_response(exc.detail).model_dump()
-        | {"detail": exc.detail},  # TEMPORARY: Keep "detail" for backward compatibility
+        # TEMPORARY: Keep "detail" for backward compatibility
+        | {"detail": exc.detail},
     )
 
 
@@ -194,7 +195,6 @@ def verify_user_project_organization(
         select(ProjectUser).where(
             ProjectUser.user_id == current_user.id,
             ProjectUser.project_id == project_id,
-            ProjectUser.is_deleted == False,
         )
     ).first()
 
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/api_key.py b/backend/app/crud/api_key.py
index 0de9c5e58..cbff6d355 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/api_key.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/api_key.py
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ def delete_api_key(session: Session, api_key_id: int) -> None:
 
     api_key.is_deleted = True
     api_key.deleted_at = datetime.utcnow()
+    api_key.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()
 
     session.add(api_key)
     session.commit()
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/document.py b/backend/app/crud/document.py
index 1229a1f1b..ceca4cbba 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/document.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/document.py
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ def update(self, document: Document):
             )
             raise PermissionError(error)
 
+        document.updated_at = now()
+
         self.session.add(document)
         self.session.commit()
         self.session.refresh(document)
@@ -63,5 +65,6 @@ def update(self, document: Document):
     def delete(self, doc_id: UUID):
         document = self.read_one(doc_id)
         document.deleted_at = now()
+        document.updated_at = now()
 
         return self.update(document)
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/organization.py b/backend/app/crud/organization.py
index b899a9e6c..bef289da6 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/organization.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/organization.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from typing import Any, Optional
-
+from datetime import datetime
 from sqlmodel import Session, select
 
 from app.models import Organization, OrganizationCreate
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ def create_organization(
     *, session: Session, org_create: OrganizationCreate
 ) -> Organization:
     db_org = Organization.model_validate(org_create)
+    db_org.inserted_at = datetime.utcnow()
+    db_org.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()
     session.add(db_org)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_org)
diff --git a/backend/app/crud/project.py b/backend/app/crud/project.py
index 204adefff..b62fbaab9 100644
--- a/backend/app/crud/project.py
+++ b/backend/app/crud/project.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from typing import List, Optional
-
+from datetime import datetime
 from sqlmodel import Session, select
 
 from app.models import Project, ProjectCreate
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 def create_project(*, session: Session, project_create: ProjectCreate) -> Project:
     db_project = Project.model_validate(project_create)
+    db_project.inserted_at = datetime.utcnow()
+    db_project.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()
     session.add(db_project)
     session.commit()
     session.refresh(db_project)
diff --git a/backend/app/models/api_key.py b/backend/app/models/api_key.py
index 7bbc91004..357836dac 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/api_key.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/api_key.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 from typing import Optional, List
 from sqlmodel import SQLModel, Field, Relationship
 
+from app.core.util import now
+
 
 class APIKeyBase(SQLModel):
     organization_id: int = Field(
@@ -19,12 +21,13 @@ class APIKeyBase(SQLModel):
 
 class APIKeyPublic(APIKeyBase):
     id: int
-    created_at: datetime
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
 
 
 class APIKey(APIKeyBase, table=True):
     id: int = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
-    created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
     is_deleted: bool = Field(default=False, nullable=False)
     deleted_at: Optional[datetime] = Field(default=None, nullable=True)
 
diff --git a/backend/app/models/credentials.py b/backend/app/models/credentials.py
index 3d8ebb5df..d006b572c 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/credentials.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/credentials.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel
 from datetime import datetime
 
+from app.core.util import now
+
 
 class CredsBase(SQLModel):
     organization_id: int = Field(foreign_key="organization.id")
@@ -24,11 +26,11 @@ class Credential(CredsBase, table=True):
     id: int = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
     credential: Dict[str, Any] = Field(default=None, sa_column=sa.Column(sa.JSON))
     inserted_at: datetime = Field(
-        default_factory=datetime.utcnow,
+        default_factory=now,
         sa_column=sa.Column(sa.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow),
     )
     updated_at: datetime = Field(
-        default_factory=datetime.utcnow,
+        default_factory=now,
         sa_column=sa.Column(sa.DateTime, onupdate=datetime.utcnow),
     )
     deleted_at: Optional[datetime] = Field(
diff --git a/backend/app/models/document.py b/backend/app/models/document.py
index 80d3d9ebe..c0c02ee75 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/document.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/document.py
@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@ class Document(SQLModel, table=True):
     )
     fname: str
     object_store_url: str
-    created_at: datetime = Field(
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(
+        default_factory=now,
+    )
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(
         default_factory=now,
     )
-    # updated_at: datetime | None
     deleted_at: datetime | None
 
     owner: User = Relationship(back_populates="documents")
diff --git a/backend/app/models/organization.py b/backend/app/models/organization.py
index 150be01d0..41862f0ab 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/organization.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/organization.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import List, TYPE_CHECKING
 from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel
 from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
 
+from app.core.util import now
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .credentials import Credential
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@ class OrganizationUpdate(SQLModel):
 # Database model for Organization
 class Organization(OrganizationBase, table=True):
     id: int = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
 
     # Relationship back to Creds
     api_keys: list["APIKey"] = Relationship(
@@ -45,6 +49,8 @@ class Organization(OrganizationBase, table=True):
 # Properties to return via API
 class OrganizationPublic(OrganizationBase):
     id: int
+    inserted_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
 
 
 class OrganizationsPublic(SQLModel):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/project.py b/backend/app/models/project.py
index 93ae534de..19a5cc1aa 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/project.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/project.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional
 from sqlmodel import Field, Relationship, SQLModel
 
+from app.core.util import now
+
 
 # Shared properties for a Project
 class ProjectBase(SQLModel):
@@ -25,6 +28,8 @@ class ProjectUpdate(SQLModel):
 class Project(ProjectBase, table=True):
     id: int = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
     organization_id: int = Field(foreign_key="organization.id", index=True)
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
 
     users: list["ProjectUser"] = Relationship(
         back_populates="project", cascade_delete=True
@@ -37,6 +42,8 @@ class Project(ProjectBase, table=True):
 class ProjectPublic(ProjectBase):
     id: int
     organization_id: int
+    inserted_at: datetime
+    updated_at: datetime
 
 
 class ProjectsPublic(SQLModel):
diff --git a/backend/app/models/project_user.py b/backend/app/models/project_user.py
index ab828be41..cbc18efd5 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/project_user.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/project_user.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 from typing import Optional, List
 from sqlmodel import SQLModel, Field, Relationship
 
+from app.core.util import now
+
 
 # Shared properties
 class ProjectUserBase(SQLModel):
@@ -19,18 +21,17 @@ class ProjectUserBase(SQLModel):
 
 class ProjectUserPublic(ProjectUserBase):
     id: int
-    created_at: datetime
+    inserted_at: datetime
     updated_at: datetime
 
 
 # Database model, database table inferred from class name
 class ProjectUser(ProjectUserBase, table=True):
     id: int = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
-    created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
-    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
+    inserted_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=now, nullable=False)
     is_deleted: bool = Field(default=False, nullable=False)
     deleted_at: Optional[datetime] = Field(default=None, nullable=True)
-
     # Relationships
     project: "Project" = Relationship(back_populates="users")
     user: "User" = Relationship(back_populates="projects")
diff --git a/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_delete.py b/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_delete.py
index 18c3a55d6..304dd5647 100644
--- a/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_delete.py
+++ b/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_delete.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_delete_marks_deleted(self, document: Document):
         assert document.deleted_at is not None
 
     def test_delete_follows_insert(self, document: Document):
-        assert document.created_at <= document.deleted_at
+        assert document.inserted_at <= document.deleted_at
 
     def test_cannot_delete_others_documents(self, db: Session):
         store = DocumentStore(db)
diff --git a/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_update.py b/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_update.py
index 69f0ab621..a14805bcf 100644
--- a/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_update.py
+++ b/backend/app/tests/crud/documents/test_crud_update.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def test_sequential_update_is_ordered(
         crud = DocumentCrud(db, documents.owner_id)
         (a, b) = (crud.update(y) for (_, y) in zip(range(2), documents))
 
-        assert a.created_at <= b.created_at
+        assert a.inserted_at <= b.inserted_at
 
     def test_insert_does_not_delete(
         self,