diff --git a/autolens/lens/substructure_util.py b/autolens/lens/substructure_util.py
index 564231639..9555b4d69 100644
--- a/autolens/lens/substructure_util.py
+++ b/autolens/lens/substructure_util.py
@@ -168,3 +168,75 @@ def simulate_substructure(
         image_2d = image_2d - background_sky_level
 
     return image_2d
+
+
+def los_realizations_to_arrays(
+    realization_galaxies,
+    plane_redshifts,
+    max_n,
+    profile_cls,
+):
+    import jax.numpy as jnp
+
+    all_params = []
+    all_masks = []
+    all_kappas = []
+
+    for galaxies in realization_galaxies:
+        params, mask, kappas = galaxies_to_halo_arrays(
+            galaxies=galaxies,
+            plane_redshifts=plane_redshifts,
+            max_n=max_n,
+            profile_cls=profile_cls,
+        )
+        all_params.append(params)
+        all_masks.append(mask)
+        all_kappas.append(kappas)
+
+    return jnp.stack(all_params), jnp.stack(all_masks), jnp.stack(all_kappas)
+
+
+def batched_simulate_substructure(
+    grid,
+    image_shape,
+    halo_params_batch,
+    halo_mask_batch,
+    scaling_matrix,
+    macro_deflections_fn,
+    macro_plane_mask,
+    sheet_kappas_batch,
+    source_image_fn,
+    psf_kernel,
+    exposure_time,
+    background_sky_level,
+    prng_keys,
+    halo_profile_cls,
+):
+    import jax
+    import functools
+
+    single_fn = functools.partial(
+        simulate_substructure,
+        grid=grid,
+        image_shape=image_shape,
+        scaling_matrix=scaling_matrix,
+        macro_deflections_fn=macro_deflections_fn,
+        macro_plane_mask=macro_plane_mask,
+        source_image_fn=source_image_fn,
+        psf_kernel=psf_kernel,
+        exposure_time=exposure_time,
+        background_sky_level=background_sky_level,
+        halo_profile_cls=halo_profile_cls,
+    )
+
+    def call(halo_params, halo_mask, sheet_kappas, prng_key):
+        return single_fn(
+            halo_params=halo_params,
+            halo_mask=halo_mask,
+            sheet_kappas=sheet_kappas,
+            prng_key=prng_key,
+        )
+
+    return jax.vmap(call)(
+        halo_params_batch, halo_mask_batch, sheet_kappas_batch, prng_keys,
+    )