From 71e2a4943cfa0a04ad094f70fe656840b20c4e22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2023 18:44:39 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/11] carbon management --- Snakefile | 20 +++++++++- config.default.yaml | 5 ++- scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++ scripts/helper.py | 2 +- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 27 +++++++++---- 5 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) create mode 100644 scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile index 90fcfb56d..cf8293222 100644 --- a/Snakefile +++ b/Snakefile @@ -280,6 +280,23 @@ else: build_biomass_transport_costs_output = {} +if config["sector"].get("sequestration_potential", False): + rule build_sequestration_potentials: + input: + sequestration_potential="data/complete_map_2020_unit_Mt.geojson", + regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"), + regions_offshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + sequestration_potential="resources/co2_sequestration_potential_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv" + threads: 1 + resources: mem_mb=4000 + benchmark: "benchmarks/build_sequestration_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}" + script: "scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py" + build_sequestration_potentials_output = rules.build_sequestration_potentials.output +else: + build_sequestration_potentials_output = {} + + rule build_salt_cavern_potentials: input: salt_caverns="data/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson", @@ -512,7 +529,8 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: solar_thermal_rural="resources/solar_thermal_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc" if config["sector"]["solar_thermal"] else [], **build_retro_cost_output, **build_biomass_transport_costs_output, - **gas_infrastructure + **gas_infrastructure, + **build_sequestration_potentials_output output: RDIR + '/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc' threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=2000 diff --git a/config.default.yaml b/config.default.yaml index ee1c50595..5fa072d45 100644 --- a/config.default.yaml +++ b/config.default.yaml @@ -250,9 +250,11 @@ sector: dac: true co2_vent: false SMR: true + sequestration_potential: true # geological co2 storage potential co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2 - co2_network: false + co2_spatial: false + co2network: false cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture hydrogen_underground_storage: true hydrogen_underground_storage_locations: @@ -275,6 +277,7 @@ sector: gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation gas_distribution_grid: true gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv + biomass_spatial: false # biomass transport between nodes biomass_transport: false # biomass transport between nodes conventional_generation: # generator : carrier OCGT: gas diff --git a/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf8ab6d61 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +import pandas as pd +import geopandas as gpd + +def area(gdf): + """Returns area of GeoDataFrame geometries in square kilometers.""" + return gdf.to_crs(epsg=3035).area.div(1e6) + + +def allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, attr='conservative estimate Mt', threshold=3): + gdf = gdf.loc[gdf[attr] > threshold, [attr, "geometry"]] + gdf["area_sqkm"] = area(gdf) + overlay = gpd.overlay(regions, gdf, keep_geom_type=True) + overlay["share"] = area(overlay) / overlay["area_sqkm"] + adjust_cols = overlay.columns.difference({"name", "area_sqkm", "geometry", "share"}) + overlay[adjust_cols] = overlay[adjust_cols].multiply(overlay["share"], axis=0) + gdf_regions = overlay.groupby("name").sum() + gdf_regions.drop(["area_sqkm", "share"], axis=1, inplace=True) + return gdf_regions.squeeze() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if 'snakemake' not in globals(): + from helper import mock_snakemake + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + 'build_sequestration_potentials', + simpl='', + clusters="181" + ) + + # TODO move to config.yaml + threshold = 3 + include_onshore = False + + gdf = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential) + + regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_offshore) + if include_onshore: + onregions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore) + regions = pd.concat([regions, onregions]).dissolve(by='name').reset_index() + + attr = snakemake.config['sector']["sequestration_potential"] + kwargs = dict(attr=attr, threshold=threshold) if isinstance(attr, str) else {} + + s = allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, **kwargs) + + s = s.where(s>threshold).dropna() + + s.to_csv(snakemake.output.sequestration_potential) diff --git a/scripts/helper.py b/scripts/helper.py index e6ddfd4a4..62ae33c03 100644 --- a/scripts/helper.py +++ b/scripts/helper.py @@ -138,6 +138,6 @@ def parse(l): def update_config_with_sector_opts(config, sector_opts): for o in sector_opts.split("-"): - if o.startswith("CF:"): + if o.startswith("CF+"): l = o.split("+")[1:] update_config(config, parse(l)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index b6c052beb..76b71fc84 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options): spatial.biomass = SimpleNamespace() - if options["biomass_transport"]: + if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]): spatial.biomass.nodes = nodes + " solid biomass" spatial.biomass.locations = nodes spatial.biomass.industry = nodes + " solid biomass for industry" @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options): spatial.co2 = SimpleNamespace() - if options["co2_network"]: + if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]): spatial.co2.nodes = nodes + " co2 stored" spatial.co2.locations = nodes spatial.co2.vents = nodes + " co2 vent" @@ -88,8 +88,11 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options): spatial.gas.locations = ["EU"] spatial.gas.biogas = ["EU biogas"] spatial.gas.industry = ["gas for industry"] - spatial.gas.industry_cc = ["gas for industry CC"] spatial.gas.biogas_to_gas = ["EU biogas to gas"] + if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]): + spatial.gas.industry_cc = nodes + " gas for industry CC" + else: + spatial.gas.industry_cc = ["gas for industry CC"] spatial.gas.df = pd.DataFrame(vars(spatial.gas), index=nodes) @@ -507,10 +510,18 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, options): unit="t_co2" ) + if options["sequestration_potential"]: + # TODO make configurable options + upper_limit = 25000 # Mt + annualiser = 25 # TODO research suitable value + e_nom_max = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential, index_col=0).squeeze() + e_nom_max = e_nom_max.reindex(spatial.co2.locations).fillna(0.).clip(upper=upper_limit).mul(1e6) / annualiser # t + e_nom_max = e_nom_max.rename(index=lambda x: x + " co2 stored") + n.madd("Store", spatial.co2.nodes, e_nom_extendable=True, - e_nom_max=np.inf, + e_nom_max=e_nom_max, capital_cost=options['co2_sequestration_cost'], carrier="co2 stored", bus=spatial.co2.nodes @@ -1218,7 +1229,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs): bus0=spatial.coal.nodes, bus1=spatial.nodes, bus2="co2 atmosphere", - bus3="co2 stored", + bus3=spatial.co2.nodes, marginal_cost=costs.at['coal', 'efficiency'] * costs.at['coal', 'VOM'], #NB: VOM is per MWel capital_cost=costs.at['coal', 'efficiency'] * costs.at['coal', 'fixed'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture', 'fixed'] * costs.at['coal', 'CO2 intensity'], #NB: fixed cost is per MWel p_nom_extendable=True, @@ -1828,7 +1839,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs): else: biogas_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["biogas"].sum() - if options["biomass_transport"]: + if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]): solid_biomass_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["solid biomass"].rename(index=lambda x: x + " solid biomass") else: solid_biomass_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["solid biomass"].sum() @@ -2052,7 +2063,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): unit="MWh_LHV" ) - if options["biomass_transport"]: + if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]): p_set = industrial_demand.loc[spatial.biomass.locations, "solid biomass"].rename(index=lambda x: x + " solid biomass for industry") / 8760 else: p_set = industrial_demand["solid biomass"].sum() / 8760 @@ -2775,7 +2786,7 @@ def set_temporal_aggregation(n, opts, solver_name): if "noH2network" in opts: remove_h2_network(n) - if options["co2_network"]: + if options["co2network"]: add_co2_network(n, costs) solver_name = snakemake.config["solving"]["solver"]["name"] From 9411cad98b9430fd0ce628915fa1ee401c711a1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2023 18:47:34 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 02/11] add sequestration potential data link --- Snakefile | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile index cf8293222..c4680c81b 100644 --- a/Snakefile +++ b/Snakefile @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ else: if config["sector"].get("sequestration_potential", False): rule build_sequestration_potentials: input: - sequestration_potential="data/complete_map_2020_unit_Mt.geojson", + sequestration_potential=HTTP.remote("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ericzhou571/Co2Storage/main/resources/complete_map_2020_unit_Mt.geojson", keep_local=True), regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"), regions_offshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"), output: From 697be2d9e3f7cccd9300ebaa089ba77c898d9a46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Wed, 25 Jan 2023 08:41:08 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 03/11] fix capacities of biomass transport The biomass transport links are split into either direction because they have a marginal cost associated with the transport. With p_nom_extendable, many decision variables are created. This commit tries another way where capacities are non-extendable and set to sufficiently high values. --- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index 76b71fc84..7fcadacb3 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -1911,10 +1911,10 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs): biomass_transport.index, bus0=biomass_transport.bus0 + " solid biomass", bus1=biomass_transport.bus1 + " solid biomass", - p_nom_extendable=True, + p_nom_extendable=False, + p_nom=5e4, length=biomass_transport.length.values, marginal_cost=biomass_transport.costs * biomass_transport.length.values, - capital_cost=1, carrier="solid biomass transport" ) From 0681cf93ab4641ea081a5b112927e48afc4e2c15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Wed, 25 Jan 2023 09:08:51 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 04/11] fix hydrogen network plotting without retrofitting --- scripts/plot_network.py | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/scripts/plot_network.py b/scripts/plot_network.py index 53c52187b..3d0641d5f 100644 --- a/scripts/plot_network.py +++ b/scripts/plot_network.py @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ def plot_h2_map(network, regions): else: - h2_total = h2_new + h2_total = h2_new.p_nom_opt link_widths_total = h2_total / linewidth_factor From a0b18a8fcdb24ef4cae7ded90e140e233cb10794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Mon, 6 Feb 2023 09:46:24 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 05/11] manage process emissions in spatial --- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 16 +++++++++------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index 7fcadacb3..26d2b2d37 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -65,10 +65,12 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options): spatial.co2.nodes = nodes + " co2 stored" spatial.co2.locations = nodes spatial.co2.vents = nodes + " co2 vent" + spatial.co2.process_emissions = nodes + " process emissions" else: spatial.co2.nodes = ["co2 stored"] spatial.co2.locations = ["EU"] spatial.co2.vents = ["co2 vent"] + spatial.co2.process_emissions = ["process emissions"] spatial.co2.df = pd.DataFrame(vars(spatial.co2), index=nodes) @@ -2408,8 +2410,8 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): ) n.add("Bus", - "process emissions", - location="EU", + spatial.co2.process_emissions, + location=spatial.co2.locations, carrier="process emissions", unit="t_co2" ) @@ -2417,15 +2419,15 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): # this should be process emissions fossil+feedstock # then need load on atmosphere for feedstock emissions that are currently going to atmosphere via Link Fischer-Tropsch demand n.add("Load", - "process emissions", - bus="process emissions", + spatial.co2.process_emissions, + bus=spatial.co2.process_emissions, carrier="process emissions", p_set=-industrial_demand.loc[nodes,["process emission", "process emission from feedstock"]].sum(axis=1).sum() / 8760 ) n.add("Link", - "process emissions", - bus0="process emissions", + spatial.co2.process_emissions, + bus0=spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus1="co2 atmosphere", carrier="process emissions", p_nom_extendable=True, @@ -2436,7 +2438,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): n.madd("Link", spatial.co2.locations, suffix=" process emissions CC", - bus0="process emissions", + bus0=spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus1="co2 atmosphere", bus2=spatial.co2.nodes, carrier="process emissions CC", From ad8ccf3b25d72b3635cc6668b75572319bac539c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Mon, 6 Feb 2023 09:52:35 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 06/11] fix process emission localisation with co2 (not) spatially resolved --- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 8 +++++++- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index 26d2b2d37..7a7edc257 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -2416,13 +2416,19 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): unit="t_co2" ) + sel = ["process emission", "process emission from feedstock"] + if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]): + p_set = -industrial_demand.loc[nodes, sel].sum(axis=1).rename(index=lambda x: x + " process emissions") / 8760 + else: + p_set = -industrial_demand.loc[nodes, sel].sum(axis=1).sum() / 8760 + # this should be process emissions fossil+feedstock # then need load on atmosphere for feedstock emissions that are currently going to atmosphere via Link Fischer-Tropsch demand n.add("Load", spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus=spatial.co2.process_emissions, carrier="process emissions", - p_set=-industrial_demand.loc[nodes,["process emission", "process emission from feedstock"]].sum(axis=1).sum() / 8760 + p_set=p_set, ) n.add("Link", From fcf527d946506b90db1829799f1e73e1a4748326 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2023 09:50:44 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 07/11] update gitignore --- .gitignore | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index a7049efed..9371d303c 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ gurobi.log /data/Industrial_Database.csv /data/retro/tabula-calculator-calcsetbuilding.csv /data/nuts* +data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/ +dask-worker-space/ +publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ *.org From 94fb6c646cdd06fbc3bc5f9276c7968e5bb647bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Date: Wed, 8 Feb 2023 22:57:01 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 08/11] prepare sector: add allam cycle build sequestration: fix input for new snakemake versions --- scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py | 2 +- scripts/make_summary.py | 4 +-- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 34 +++++++++++++++++++---- 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py index cf8ab6d61..3b06f6650 100644 --- a/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py +++ b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, attr='conservative estimate M threshold = 3 include_onshore = False - gdf = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential) + gdf = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential[0]) regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_offshore) if include_onshore: diff --git a/scripts/make_summary.py b/scripts/make_summary.py index f9c74c892..06680cb4e 100644 --- a/scripts/make_summary.py +++ b/scripts/make_summary.py @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def calculate_supply(n, label, supply): for end in [col[3:] for col in c.df.columns if col[:3] == "bus"]: - items = c.df.index[c.df["bus" + end].map(bus_map, na_action=None)] + items = c.df.index[c.df["bus" + end].map(bus_map).fillna(False)] if len(items) == 0: continue @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ def calculate_supply_energy(n, label, supply_energy): for end in [col[3:] for col in c.df.columns if col[:3] == "bus"]: - items = c.df.index[c.df["bus" + str(end)].map(bus_map, na_action=None)] + items = c.df.index[c.df["bus" + str(end)].map(bus_map).fillna(False)] if len(items) == 0: continue diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index 7a7edc257..4fcdbf840 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options): spatial.co2 = SimpleNamespace() - if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]): + if options["co2_spatial"]: spatial.co2.nodes = nodes + " co2 stored" spatial.co2.locations = nodes spatial.co2.vents = nodes + " co2 vent" @@ -433,6 +433,7 @@ def add_carrier_buses(n, carrier, nodes=None): e_nom_extendable=True, e_cyclic=True, carrier=carrier, + capital_cost=0.2 * costs.at[carrier, "discount rate"] # preliminary value to avoid zeros ) n.madd("Generator", @@ -563,6 +564,28 @@ def add_co2_network(n, costs): ) +def add_allam(n, costs): + + logger.info("Adding Allam cycle generators") + + nodes = pop_layout.index + + n.madd("Link", + nodes + " allam", + bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, + bus1=nodes, + bus2=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, + carrier="allam", + p_nom_extendable=True, + # TODO: add costs to technology-data + capital_cost=0.6*1.5e6*0.1, # efficiency * EUR/MW * annuity + marginal_cost=2, + efficiency=0.6, + efficiency2=costs.at['gas', 'CO2 intensity'], + lifetime=30., + ) + + def add_dac(n, costs): heat_carriers = ["urban central heat", "services urban decentral heat"] @@ -2409,7 +2432,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): p_set=industrial_demand.loc[nodes, "electricity"] / 8760 ) - n.add("Bus", + n.madd("Bus", spatial.co2.process_emissions, location=spatial.co2.locations, carrier="process emissions", @@ -2417,21 +2440,21 @@ def add_industry(n, costs): ) sel = ["process emission", "process emission from feedstock"] - if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]): + if options["co2_spatial"] or options["co2network"]: p_set = -industrial_demand.loc[nodes, sel].sum(axis=1).rename(index=lambda x: x + " process emissions") / 8760 else: p_set = -industrial_demand.loc[nodes, sel].sum(axis=1).sum() / 8760 # this should be process emissions fossil+feedstock # then need load on atmosphere for feedstock emissions that are currently going to atmosphere via Link Fischer-Tropsch demand - n.add("Load", + n.madd("Load", spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus=spatial.co2.process_emissions, carrier="process emissions", p_set=p_set, ) - n.add("Link", + n.madd("Link", spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus0=spatial.co2.process_emissions, bus1="co2 atmosphere", @@ -2796,6 +2819,7 @@ def set_temporal_aggregation(n, opts, solver_name): if options["co2network"]: add_co2_network(n, costs) + add_allam(n, costs) solver_name = snakemake.config["solving"]["solver"]["name"] n = set_temporal_aggregation(n, opts, solver_name) From ccde2e7f931ee1a6a74a10ccb0b32f80039a90b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2023 17:21:58 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 09/11] make sequestration options configurable --- .gitignore | 4 +++ Snakefile | 2 +- config.default.yaml | 13 ++++++-- scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py | 13 +++----- scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 38 ++++++++++++----------- 5 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 9371d303c..e3f625c39 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -51,3 +51,7 @@ doc/_build *.xls *.geojson + +*.ipynb + +data/costs_* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile index ef1ed840f..b14adacf5 100644 --- a/Snakefile +++ b/Snakefile @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ else: build_biomass_transport_costs_output = {} -if config["sector"].get("sequestration_potential", False): +if config["sector"]["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["enable"]: rule build_sequestration_potentials: input: sequestration_potential=HTTP.remote("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ericzhou571/Co2Storage/main/resources/complete_map_2020_unit_Mt.geojson", keep_local=True), diff --git a/config.default.yaml b/config.default.yaml index d09ff950e..c1172bd11 100644 --- a/config.default.yaml +++ b/config.default.yaml @@ -250,8 +250,15 @@ sector: coal_cc: false dac: true co2_vent: false + allam_cycle: false SMR: true - sequestration_potential: true # geological co2 storage potential + regional_co2_sequestration_potential: + enable: false # enable regionally resolved geological co2 storage potential + attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt' + include_onshore: false # include onshore sequestration potentials + min_size: 3 # Gt, sites with lower potential will be excluded + max_size: 25 # Gt, max sequestration potential for any one site, TODO research suitable value + years_of_storage: 25 # years until potential exhausted at optimised annual rate co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2 co2_spatial: false @@ -281,8 +288,8 @@ sector: gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation gas_distribution_grid: true gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv - biomass_spatial: false # biomass transport between nodes - biomass_transport: false # biomass transport between nodes + biomass_spatial: false # regionally resolve biomass (e.g. potentials) + biomass_transport: false # allow transport of solid biomass between nodes conventional_generation: # generator : carrier OCGT: gas biomass_to_liquid: false diff --git a/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py index 3b06f6650..4983640bb 100644 --- a/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py +++ b/scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py @@ -27,22 +27,17 @@ def allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, attr='conservative estimate M clusters="181" ) - # TODO move to config.yaml - threshold = 3 - include_onshore = False + cf = snakemake.config["sector"]["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"] gdf = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential[0]) regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_offshore) - if include_onshore: + if cf["include_onshore"]: onregions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore) regions = pd.concat([regions, onregions]).dissolve(by='name').reset_index() - attr = snakemake.config['sector']["sequestration_potential"] - kwargs = dict(attr=attr, threshold=threshold) if isinstance(attr, str) else {} + s = allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, attr=cf["attribute"], threshold=cf["min_size"]) - s = allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, **kwargs) - - s = s.where(s>threshold).dropna() + s = s.where(s>cf["min_size"]).dropna() s.to_csv(snakemake.output.sequestration_potential) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index 5348a79ee..a47c57105 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -517,10 +517,9 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, options): unit="t_co2" ) - if options["sequestration_potential"]: - # TODO make configurable options - upper_limit = 25000 # Mt - annualiser = 25 # TODO research suitable value + if options["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["enable"]: + upper_limit = options["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["max_size"] * 1e3 # Mt + annualiser = options["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["years_of_storage"] e_nom_max = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential, index_col=0).squeeze() e_nom_max = e_nom_max.reindex(spatial.co2.locations).fillna(0.).clip(upper=upper_limit).mul(1e6) / annualiser # t e_nom_max = e_nom_max.rename(index=lambda x: x + " co2 stored") @@ -570,24 +569,25 @@ def add_co2_network(n, costs): def add_allam(n, costs): - logger.info("Adding Allam cycle generators") + logger.info("Adding Allam cycle gas power plants.") nodes = pop_layout.index n.madd("Link", - nodes + " allam", - bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, - bus1=nodes, - bus2=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, - carrier="allam", - p_nom_extendable=True, - # TODO: add costs to technology-data - capital_cost=0.6*1.5e6*0.1, # efficiency * EUR/MW * annuity - marginal_cost=2, - efficiency=0.6, - efficiency2=costs.at['gas', 'CO2 intensity'], - lifetime=30., - ) + nodes, + suffix=" allam", + bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, + bus1=nodes, + bus2=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values, + carrier="allam", + p_nom_extendable=True, + # TODO: add costs to technology-data + capital_cost=0.6*1.5e6*0.1, # efficiency * EUR/MW * annuity + marginal_cost=2, + efficiency=0.6, + efficiency2=costs.at['gas', 'CO2 intensity'], + lifetime=30., + ) def add_dac(n, costs): @@ -2923,6 +2923,8 @@ def set_temporal_aggregation(n, opts, solver_name): if options["co2network"]: add_co2_network(n, costs) + + if options["allam_cycle"]: add_allam(n, costs) solver_name = snakemake.config["solving"]["solver"]["name"] From b2ea0576cdbe7b034b20ce6b819a72bfde12a1e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2023 17:32:36 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 10/11] add release note --- doc/release_notes.rst | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+) diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst index 210de55a4..4700f27b3 100644 --- a/doc/release_notes.rst +++ b/doc/release_notes.rst @@ -97,6 +97,30 @@ incorporates retrofitting options to hydrogen. as explicit ICE shares for land transport (``land_transport_ice_share``) and agriculture machinery (``agriculture_machinery_oil_share``). +* Add option to spatially resolve carrier representing stored carbon dioxide + (``co2_spatial``). This allows for more detailed modelling of CCUTS, e.g. + regarding the capturing of industrial process emissions, usage as feedstock + for electrofuels, transport of carbon dioxide, and geological sequestration sites. + +* Add option for planning a new carbon dioxide network (``co2network``). + + +* Add option for regionally-resolved geological carbon dioxide sequestration + potentials through new rule ``build_sequestration_potentials`` based on + `CO2StoP `_. This + can be controlled in the section ``regional_co2_sequestration_potential`` of + the ``config.yaml``. It includes options to select the level of conservatism, + whether onshore potentials should be included, the respective upper and lower + limits per region, and an annualisation parameter for the cumulative + potential. The defaults are preliminary and will be validated the next + release. + +* Separate option to regionally resolve biomass (``biomass_spatial``) from + option to allow biomass transport (``biomass_transport``). + +* Add option to include `Allam cycle gas power plants + `_ (``allam_cycle``). + **Bugfixes** * The CO2 sequestration limit implemented as GlobalConstraint (introduced in the previous version) From 126a5be729516d4c3e61dbf48d147346e7c91969 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2023 17:34:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 11/11] add new options to test config files --- test/config.myopic.yaml | 2 ++ test/config.overnight.yaml | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/test/config.myopic.yaml b/test/config.myopic.yaml index 3719921e8..255d6734c 100644 --- a/test/config.myopic.yaml +++ b/test/config.myopic.yaml @@ -235,6 +235,8 @@ sector: dac: true co2_vent: true SMR: true + regional_co2_sequestration_potential: + enable: false co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2 co2_network: false diff --git a/test/config.overnight.yaml b/test/config.overnight.yaml index 6663d393f..a68ad5401 100644 --- a/test/config.overnight.yaml +++ b/test/config.overnight.yaml @@ -233,6 +233,8 @@ sector: dac: true co2_vent: true SMR: true + regional_co2_sequestration_potential: + enable: false co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2 co2_network: false