ENH: Adding content to graphs and minor correction

[AakashGfude]

The following things have been done in this PR:

• Listing the countries of different income groups in a table to save space.
• Adding labels to time-series graphs, and removing the y log of histogram.
• Adding content in each section, briefly explaining the section. Currently in draft mode and mostly my ramblings.

@thomassargent30 @jstac, we were thinking to have only 7 countries instead of 16 for time series graphs. Do, you have a preference for which countries to consider?

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[jstac]

@thomassargent30 @jstac, we were thinking to have only 7 countries instead of 16 for time series graphs. Do, you have a preference for which countries to consider?

Perhaps @mmcky can work with you on this, since I'm not really a data person. But my opinion is that the primary focus of this lecture should be showing how countries have had very different growth experiences.

It would be good to find more pairs that headed in different directions, like Pakistan and China. For example, Australia and Argentina?

It would be nice to find some success stories in Africa.

Observations of different growth experiences lead naturally to consideration of policies and institutions, and how they make a difference. We could have a few lines of informal discussion towards the end.

@mmcky might have some thoughts along these lines.

Finally, it would be great if we could have some estimates of growth over the very long run --- pre industrial revolution until now. We could have a discussion of Malthus, who @thomassargent30 brought up in his lecture. There is some relevant discussion here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Divergence

[mmcky]

Merging this for team meeting and will then update.