From b671c87ed0e9844d37a3ff81803e9fcf4c0243c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HeroponRikiBestest <jojloj3@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2025 12:32:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Small improvement to early TAGES detection to eliminate
 small handful of false positives. Also threw in a note about alpharom

---
 BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs    | 5 +++++
 BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs | 1 +
 BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs    | 7 +++++--
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
index 9e16bbf9..61a37834 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
@@ -107,6 +107,11 @@ public static bool NoteworthyApplicationUse(PrimaryVolumeDescriptor pvd)
                 // character. If these are found to be causing issues they can be added.
             }
 
+            offset = 1;
+            potentialAppUseString = applicationUse.ReadNullTerminatedAnsiString(ref offset);
+            if (potentialAppUseString == "FS")
+                return false;
+            
             offset = 141;
             potentialAppUseString = applicationUse.ReadNullTerminatedAnsiString(ref offset);
             if (potentialAppUseString == "CD-XA001")
diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
index 43c44047..d77fd308 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ public class AlphaROM : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecu
             // Alpharom disc check #2: disc has publisher identifier filled with varying amount of data (26-50 bytes
             // have been observed) followed by spaces. There's a decent chance this is just a Japanese text string, but
             // UTF, Shift-JIS, and EUC-JP all fail to display anything but garbage.
+            // TODO: This fails on some discs like Redump ID 127450, where publisher identifier is all 0x00.
 
             var publisherIdentifier = pvd.PublisherIdentifier;
             int firstSpace = Array.FindIndex(publisherIdentifier, b => b == 0x20);
diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
index b6d1081e..044f97d0 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
@@ -43,9 +43,12 @@ public class TAGES : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecutab
             // Early tages has a 4-byte value at the beginning of the AU data and nothing else.
             // Redump ID  8776, 21321, 35932
             offset = 0;
-            uint earlyTagesBytes = applicationUse.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(ref offset);
+            var earlyTagesBytes = applicationUse.ReadBytes(ref offset, 4);
             var zeroBytes = applicationUse.ReadBytes(ref offset, 508);
-            if (Array.TrueForAll(zeroBytes, b => b == 0x00) && earlyTagesBytes != 0)
+            
+            // Check on earlyTagesBytes needed because Redump ID 56899 begins with "FUN" and is then all 0x00.
+            // 0x70 value is probably just by chance of where early TAGES checks, but it seems to be consistent.
+            if (Array.TrueForAll(zeroBytes, b => b == 0x00) && !Array.TrueForAll(earlyTagesBytes, b => b == 0x00) && earlyTagesBytes[3] == 0x70)
                 return "TAGES (Early)";
 
             // The original releases of Moto Racer 3 (31578, 34669) are so early they have seemingly nothing identifiable.

From 57ba906e226b9999fa848cf95378b03625750bb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HeroponRikiBestest <jojloj3@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2025 14:01:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Improve alpharom handling

---
 BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs | 63 ++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
index d77fd308..40e01e1d 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Text;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using BinaryObjectScanner.Interfaces;
 using SabreTools.Data.Models.ISO9660;
@@ -56,8 +57,8 @@ public class AlphaROM : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecu
             if (diskImage.VolumeDescriptorSet[0] is not PrimaryVolumeDescriptor pvd)
                 return null;
 
-            // Alpharom disc check #1: disc has varying (but observed to at least always be larger than 14) length
-            // string made up of numbers and capital letters.
+            // Disc has varying (but observed to at least always be larger than 14) length
+            // application identifier string made up of numbers and capital letters.
             // TODO: triple-check that length is never below 14
             int offset = 0;
             var applicationIdentifierString = pvd.ApplicationIdentifier.ReadNullTerminatedAnsiString(ref offset)?.Trim();
@@ -67,28 +68,44 @@ public class AlphaROM : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecu
             if (!Regex.IsMatch(applicationIdentifierString, "^[A-Z0-9]*$"))
                 return null;
 
-            // Alpharom disc check #2: disc has publisher identifier filled with varying amount of data (26-50 bytes
-            // have been observed) followed by spaces. There's a decent chance this is just a Japanese text string, but
-            // UTF, Shift-JIS, and EUC-JP all fail to display anything but garbage.
-            // TODO: This fails on some discs like Redump ID 127450, where publisher identifier is all 0x00.
-
-            var publisherIdentifier = pvd.PublisherIdentifier;
-            int firstSpace = Array.FindIndex(publisherIdentifier, b => b == 0x20);
-            if (firstSpace <= 10 || firstSpace >= 120)
-                return null;
-
-            var publisherData = new byte[firstSpace];
-            var publisherSpaces = new byte[publisherData.Length - firstSpace];
-            Array.Copy(publisherIdentifier, 0, publisherData, 0, firstSpace);
-            Array.Copy(publisherIdentifier, firstSpace, publisherSpaces, 0, publisherData.Length - firstSpace);
-
-            if (!Array.TrueForAll(publisherSpaces, b => b == 0x20))
-                return null;
-
-            if (!FileType.ISO9660.IsPureData(publisherData))
-                return null;
+            // While some alpharom discs have data in the publisher identifier that can be checked, not all of them do,
+            // so that can't reliably be used. There are two formats currently observed regarding the application
+            // identifier strings.
+            // #1 examples: DCOBG11C1B094961XN, DCXA9083CA554846GP, RCXA1107UD2510461A
+            // #2 examples: 2003120514103077LAHD, 20040326195254AVKC, 20051019163346WXUDCD
+
+            var applicationIdentifierStringBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(applicationIdentifierString);
+            
+            // Type #1: 18 characters long, mix of letters and numbers. Since the string has already been confirmed
+            // to only consist of capital letters and numbers, a basic byte value check can be performed to ensure
+            // at least 5 bytes are numbers and 5 bytes are letters. Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be quite
+            // enough of a pattern to have a better check than this, but it works well enough.
+            if (applicationIdentifierString.Length == 18 
+                && Array.FindAll(applicationIdentifierStringBytes, b => b < 60).Length >= 5
+                && Array.FindAll(applicationIdentifierStringBytes, b => b > 60).Length >= 5)
+                return "AlphaROM";
+            
+            // Type #2: Usually 20 characters long, but Redump ID 124334 is 18 characters long. Validate that it
+            // starts with YYYYMMDD, followed by 6-8 more numbers, followed by letters.
+            if (applicationIdentifierString.Length >= 18 && applicationIdentifierString.Length <= 20)
+            {
+                if (Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(0, 4), out int year) == false
+                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(4, 2), out int month) == false
+                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(6, 2), out int day) == false
+                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(8, 6), out int extraTime) == false)
+                    return null;
+                if (year >= 2009 || year < 2000 || month > 12 || day > 31)
+                    return null;
+                
+                int index = Array.FindIndex(applicationIdentifierStringBytes, b => b > 60);
+                
+                var startingNumbers = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(0, index));
+                var finalCharacters = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(index));
+                if (Array.TrueForAll(startingNumbers, b => b < 60) && Array.TrueForAll(finalCharacters, b => b > 60))
+                    return "AlphaROM";
+            }
 
-            return "AlphaROM";
+            return null;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

From 7c401ed2d552addd7368ebb6e6cdbddc76faebad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: HeroponRikiBestest <jojloj3@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2025 15:41:40 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Initial round of fixes

---
 BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs    |  1 +
 BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs | 13 +++++++++----
 BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs    |  6 +++---
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
index 61a37834..244ac1c5 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/FileType/ISO9660.cs
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ public static bool NoteworthyApplicationUse(PrimaryVolumeDescriptor pvd)
                 // character. If these are found to be causing issues they can be added.
             }
 
+            // Seems to come from "FERGUS_MCNEILL - ISOCD 1.00 by Pantaray, Inc. USA -"
             offset = 1;
             potentialAppUseString = applicationUse.ReadNullTerminatedAnsiString(ref offset);
             if (potentialAppUseString == "FS")
diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
index 40e01e1d..fd7161af 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/AlphaROM.cs
@@ -80,20 +80,25 @@ public class AlphaROM : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecu
             // to only consist of capital letters and numbers, a basic byte value check can be performed to ensure
             // at least 5 bytes are numbers and 5 bytes are letters. Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be quite
             // enough of a pattern to have a better check than this, but it works well enough.
-            if (applicationIdentifierString.Length == 18 
+            if (applicationIdentifierString.Length == 18
                 && Array.FindAll(applicationIdentifierStringBytes, b => b < 60).Length >= 5
                 && Array.FindAll(applicationIdentifierStringBytes, b => b > 60).Length >= 5)
+            {
                 return "AlphaROM";
+            }
             
             // Type #2: Usually 20 characters long, but Redump ID 124334 is 18 characters long. Validate that it
             // starts with YYYYMMDD, followed by 6-8 more numbers, followed by letters.
             if (applicationIdentifierString.Length >= 18 && applicationIdentifierString.Length <= 20)
             {
                 if (Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(0, 4), out int year) == false
-                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(4, 2), out int month) == false
-                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(6, 2), out int day) == false
-                    ||  Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(8, 6), out int extraTime) == false)
+                    || Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(4, 2), out int month) == false
+                    || Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(6, 2), out int day) == false
+                    || Int32.TryParse(applicationIdentifierString.Substring(8, 6), out int extraTime) == false)
+                {
                     return null;
+                }
+                
                 if (year >= 2009 || year < 2000 || month > 12 || day > 31)
                     return null;
                 
diff --git a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
index 044f97d0..dbb86998 100644
--- a/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
+++ b/BinaryObjectScanner/Protection/Tages.cs
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ public class TAGES : IDiskImageCheck<ISO9660>, IExecutableCheck<PortableExecutab
             // Early tages has a 4-byte value at the beginning of the AU data and nothing else.
             // Redump ID  8776, 21321, 35932
             offset = 0;
-            var earlyTagesBytes = applicationUse.ReadBytes(ref offset, 4);
+            var earlyTagesBytes = applicationUse.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(ref offset);
             var zeroBytes = applicationUse.ReadBytes(ref offset, 508);
-            
+
             // Check on earlyTagesBytes needed because Redump ID 56899 begins with "FUN" and is then all 0x00.
             // 0x70 value is probably just by chance of where early TAGES checks, but it seems to be consistent.
-            if (Array.TrueForAll(zeroBytes, b => b == 0x00) && !Array.TrueForAll(earlyTagesBytes, b => b == 0x00) && earlyTagesBytes[3] == 0x70)
+            if (Array.TrueForAll(zeroBytes, b => b == 0x00) && (earlyTagesBytes & 0x70000000) == 0x70000000)
                 return "TAGES (Early)";
 
             // The original releases of Moto Racer 3 (31578, 34669) are so early they have seemingly nothing identifiable.