From 071268f97a4ce6d8d0dcc041a569839a1d472ab4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Ramsey <ben@benramsey.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Dec 2021 18:15:42 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] feat: provide --flatten option for hoisting selectors

---
 CHANGELOG.md                                  |   1 +
 src/Console/Command/ExtractCommand.php        |  11 +
 src/Descriptor.php                            |   5 +
 src/Extractor/MessageExtractor.php            |  32 +++
 src/Extractor/MessageExtractorOptions.php     |   9 +
 src/Icu/MessageFormat/Manipulator.php         |  79 +++++++
 .../Parser/Type/AbstractElement.php           |   6 +-
 .../Parser/Type/AbstractSkeleton.php          |   2 +
 .../MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DeepCloner.php  |  84 +++++++
 .../Parser/Type/ElementCollection.php         |  11 +
 .../MessageFormat/Parser/Type/Location.php    |   2 +
 .../Type/NumberSkeletonTokenCollection.php    |  11 +
 .../Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOption.php      |   2 +
 .../Parser/Type/PoundElement.php              |   4 +-
 src/Icu/MessageFormat/Printer.php             | 212 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/DescriptorTest.php                      |   8 +
 tests/Extractor/MessageExtractorTest.php      |  57 +++++
 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/ManipulatorTest.php   |  69 ++++++
 .../Parser/Type/ArgumentElementTest.php       |  18 +-
 .../Parser/Type/DateElementTest.php           |  31 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/DateTimeSkeletonTest.php      |  19 +-
 .../Parser/Type/LiteralElementTest.php        |  23 +-
 .../Parser/Type/LocationTest.php              |  12 +
 .../Parser/Type/NumberElementTest.php         |  36 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTest.php        |  28 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/PluralElementTest.php         |  36 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOptionTest.php  |  25 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/PoundElementTest.php          |  16 +-
 .../Parser/Type/SelectElementTest.php         |  32 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/TagElementTest.php            |  26 ++-
 .../Parser/Type/TimeElementTest.php           |  31 ++-
 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/PrinterTest.php       | 207 +++++++++++++++++
 ...h data set hoist some random case 1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...with data set should hoist 1 plural__1.txt |   1 +
 ...should hoist plural  select and tag__1.txt |  25 +++
 ...tAst with data set basic_argument_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...tAst with data set basic_argument_2__1.txt |   2 +
 ...t with data set date_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set date_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set date_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt |   1 +
 ...ntAst with data set escaped_pound_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...th data set ignore_tag_number_arg_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...rintAst with data set ignore_tags_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ... with data set left_angle_bracket_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...tAst with data set less_than_sign_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...Ast with data set negative_offset_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...testPrintAst with data set nested_1__1.txt |   5 +
 ...rintAst with data set nested_tags_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set not_escaped_pound_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set not_quoted_string_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...ith data set not_self_closing_tag_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...with data set number_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...with data set number_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt |   1 +
 ...st with data set number_arg_style_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...rintAst with data set numeric_tag_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...tAst with data set open_close_tag_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...tAst with data set open_close_tag_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...tAst with data set open_close_tag_3__1.txt |   1 +
 ...h data set open_close_tag_with_args__1.txt |   1 +
 ... set open_close_tag_with_nested_arg__1.txt |   1 +
 ...PrintAst with data set plural_arg_1__1.txt |   2 +
 ...PrintAst with data set plural_arg_2__1.txt |   2 +
 ...ral_arg_with_escaped_nested_message__1.txt |   2 +
 ...h data set plural_arg_with_offset_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set quoted_pound_sign_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...ntAst with data set quoted_string_3__1.txt |   1 +
 ...ntAst with data set quoted_string_4__1.txt |   1 +
 ...PrintAst with data set select_arg_1__1.txt |   2 +
 ...et select_arg_with_nested_arguments__1.txt |   2 +
 ...ntAst with data set selectordinal_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...st with data set self_closing_tag_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...st with data set self_closing_tag_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...Ast with data set simple_argument_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...Ast with data set simple_argument_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...data set simple_date_and_time_arg_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set simple_number_arg_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...t with data set time_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...et treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace__1.txt |   5 +
 ...estPrintAst with data set trivial_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...estPrintAst with data set trivial_2__1.txt |   1 +
 ...data set unescaped_string_literal_1__1.txt |   1 +
 ...ntAst with data set uppercase_tag_1__1.txt |   1 +
 82 files changed, 1196 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/Icu/MessageFormat/Manipulator.php
 create mode 100644 src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DeepCloner.php
 create mode 100644 src/Icu/MessageFormat/Printer.php
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/ManipulatorTest.php
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/PrinterTest.php
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set hoist some random case 1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist 1 plural__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist plural  select and tag__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set escaped_pound_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tag_number_arg_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tags_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set left_angle_bracket_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set less_than_sign_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set negative_offset_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_tags_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_escaped_pound_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_quoted_string_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_self_closing_tag_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_style_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set numeric_tag_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_3__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_args__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_nested_arg__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_escaped_nested_message__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_offset_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_pound_sign_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_3__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_4__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_with_nested_arguments__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set selectordinal_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_date_and_time_arg_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_number_arg_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set time_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_2__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set unescaped_string_literal_1__1.txt
 create mode 100644 tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set uppercase_tag_1__1.txt

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a6b6a15..2be61dc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.
 
 ### Added
 
+- Provide `--flatten` extraction option to tell the extractor to hoist selectors and flatten sentences as much as possible. For example, `I have {count, plural, one{a dog} other{many dogs}}` becomes `{count, plural, one{I have a dog} other{I have many dogs}}`. The goal is to provide as many full sentences as possible, since fragmented sentences are not translator-friendly.
 - Provide `--add-missing-ids` extraction option to update source code with auto-generated identifiers
 - Add `Util\FormatHelper` that provides `getReader()` and `getWriter()` methods
 - Introduce `Format\Format` final static class for format constants
diff --git a/src/Console/Command/ExtractCommand.php b/src/Console/Command/ExtractCommand.php
index 3cc4718..fd79378 100644
--- a/src/Console/Command/ExtractCommand.php
+++ b/src/Console/Command/ExtractCommand.php
@@ -167,6 +167,16 @@ protected function configure(): void
                 'Whether to preserve whitespace and newlines in extracted '
                     . 'messages.',
             )
+            ->addOption(
+                'flatten',
+                null,
+                InputOption::VALUE_NONE,
+                'Whether to hoist selectors & flatten sentences as much as possible, '
+                    . 'e.g: "I have {count, plural, one{a dog} other{many dogs}}" '
+                    . 'becomes "{count, plural, one{I have a dog} other{I have many '
+                    . 'dogs}}". The goal is to provide as many full sentences as '
+                    . 'possible, since fragmented sentences are not translator-friendly.',
+            )
             ->addOption(
                 'add-missing-ids',
                 null,
@@ -239,6 +249,7 @@ private function buildOptions(InputInterface $input): MessageExtractorOptions
         $options->extractSourceLocation = (bool) $input->getOption('extract-source-location');
         $options->throws = (bool) $input->getOption('throws');
         $options->preserveWhitespace = (bool) $input->getOption('preserve-whitespace');
+        $options->flatten = (bool) $input->getOption('flatten');
         $options->addGeneratedIdsToSourceCode = (bool) $input->getOption('add-missing-ids');
 
         /** @var string $inputFunctionNames */
diff --git a/src/Descriptor.php b/src/Descriptor.php
index c1bae42..9b58bd3 100644
--- a/src/Descriptor.php
+++ b/src/Descriptor.php
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ public function getDefaultMessage(): ?string
         return $this->defaultMessage;
     }
 
+    public function setDefaultMessage(string $defaultMessage): void
+    {
+        $this->defaultMessage = $defaultMessage;
+    }
+
     public function getDescription(): ?string
     {
         return $this->description;
diff --git a/src/Extractor/MessageExtractor.php b/src/Extractor/MessageExtractor.php
index f48bc6a..3b7b118 100644
--- a/src/Extractor/MessageExtractor.php
+++ b/src/Extractor/MessageExtractor.php
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 namespace FormatPHP\Extractor;
 
 use Closure;
+use FormatPHP\Descriptor;
 use FormatPHP\DescriptorCollection;
+use FormatPHP\DescriptorInterface;
 use FormatPHP\Exception\FormatPHPExceptionInterface;
 use FormatPHP\Exception\ImproperContextException;
 use FormatPHP\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
@@ -32,6 +34,9 @@
 use FormatPHP\Extractor\Parser\Descriptor\PhpParser;
 use FormatPHP\Extractor\Parser\DescriptorParserInterface;
 use FormatPHP\Extractor\Parser\ParserErrorCollection;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Manipulator;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser as MessageFormatParser;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Printer;
 use FormatPHP\Util\FileSystemHelper;
 use FormatPHP\Util\FormatHelper;
 use FormatPHP\Util\Globber;
@@ -56,6 +61,8 @@ class MessageExtractor
     private MessageExtractorOptions $options;
     private ParserErrorCollection $errors;
     private FormatHelper $formatHelper;
+    private Manipulator $manipulator;
+    private Printer $printer;
 
     public function __construct(
         MessageExtractorOptions $options,
@@ -70,6 +77,8 @@ public function __construct(
         $this->file = $file;
         $this->formatHelper = $formatHelper;
         $this->errors = new ParserErrorCollection();
+        $this->manipulator = new Manipulator();
+        $this->printer = new Printer();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -201,6 +210,12 @@ private function loadDescriptorParser(string $parserNameOrScript): DescriptorPar
      */
     private function write(callable $formatter, DescriptorCollection $descriptors): void
     {
+        if ($this->options->flatten === true) {
+            /** @var DescriptorInterface[] $flattened */
+            $flattened = $descriptors->map($this->flattenMessage())->toArray();
+            $descriptors = new DescriptorCollection($flattened);
+        }
+
         $file = $this->options->outFile ?? 'php://output';
 
         $messages = $formatter($descriptors, $this->options);
@@ -238,4 +253,21 @@ public function __invoke(
             }
         };
     }
+
+    private function flattenMessage(): Closure
+    {
+        return function (Descriptor $descriptor): Descriptor {
+            $message = $descriptor->getDefaultMessage();
+            $messageFormatParser = new MessageFormatParser((string) $message);
+            $result = $messageFormatParser->parse();
+
+            /** @var MessageFormatParser\Type\ElementCollection $messageAst */
+            $messageAst = $result->val;
+
+            $hoistedAst = $this->manipulator->hoistSelectors($messageAst);
+            $descriptor->setDefaultMessage($this->printer->printAst($hoistedAst));
+
+            return $descriptor;
+        };
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Extractor/MessageExtractorOptions.php b/src/Extractor/MessageExtractorOptions.php
index 1ddf84b..8eee0e4 100644
--- a/src/Extractor/MessageExtractorOptions.php
+++ b/src/Extractor/MessageExtractorOptions.php
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 namespace FormatPHP\Extractor;
 
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Manipulator;
+
 /**
  * MessageExtractor options
  */
@@ -77,6 +79,13 @@ class MessageExtractorOptions
      */
     public bool $preserveWhitespace = false;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether to hoist selectors and flatten sentences as much as possible
+     *
+     * @see Manipulator::hoistSelectors()
+     */
+    public bool $flatten = false;
+
     /**
      * Function and method names to parse from the application source code
      *
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Manipulator.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Manipulator.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62f9b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Manipulator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file is part of skillshare/formatphp
+ *
+ * skillshare/formatphp is open source software: you can distribute
+ * it and/or modify it under the terms of the MIT License
+ * (the "License"). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) Skillshare, Inc. <https://www.skillshare.com>
+ * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat;
+
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ElementCollection;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\PluralElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\SelectElement;
+
+use function array_slice;
+use function array_values;
+
+/**
+ * Provides functionality to manipulate a parsed AST
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+class Manipulator
+{
+    /**
+     * Hoist all selectors to the beginning of the AST & flatten the
+     * resulting options
+     *
+     * For example,
+     *
+     *     I have {count, plural, one{a dog} other{many dogs}}
+     *
+     * becomes
+     *
+     *     {count, plural, one{I have a dog} other{I have many dogs}}
+     *
+     * If there are multiple selectors, the order of which one is hoisted 1st
+     * is non-deterministic.
+     *
+     * The goal is to provide as many full sentences as possible since
+     * fragmented sentences are not translator-friendly.
+     */
+    public function hoistSelectors(ElementCollection $ast): ElementCollection
+    {
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $ast->count(); $i++) {
+            $element = $ast[$i];
+
+            if ($element instanceof PluralElement || $element instanceof SelectElement) {
+                $cloned = clone $element;
+                $options = $cloned->options;
+                foreach ($options as $option) {
+                    $option->value = $this->hoistSelectors(new ElementCollection([
+                        ...array_values(array_slice($ast->toArray(), 0, $i)),
+                        ...array_values($option->value->toArray()),
+                        ...array_values(array_slice($ast->toArray(), $i + 1)),
+                    ]));
+                }
+
+                return new ElementCollection([$cloned]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $ast;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractElement.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractElement.php
index c9aeda9..eb6dc1e 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractElement.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractElement.php
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 
 abstract class AbstractElement implements ElementInterface
 {
+    use DeepCloner;
+
     public ElementType $type;
-    public ?string $value = null;
-    public ?Location $location = null;
+    public string $value;
+    public Location $location;
 }
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractSkeleton.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractSkeleton.php
index 24cdcf8..5cc80ed 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractSkeleton.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/AbstractSkeleton.php
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 abstract class AbstractSkeleton implements SkeletonInterface
 {
+    use DeepCloner;
+
     public SkeletonType $type;
     public Location $location;
 }
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DeepCloner.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DeepCloner.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d03668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DeepCloner.php
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file is part of skillshare/formatphp
+ *
+ * skillshare/formatphp is open source software: you can distribute
+ * it and/or modify it under the terms of the MIT License
+ * (the "License"). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) Skillshare, Inc. <https://www.skillshare.com>
+ * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type;
+
+use ReflectionObject;
+
+use function is_array;
+use function is_object;
+
+trait DeepCloner
+{
+    public function __clone()
+    {
+        $this->cloneMyProperties();
+    }
+
+    private function cloneMyProperties(): void
+    {
+        $reflection = new ReflectionObject($this);
+
+        foreach ($reflection->getProperties() as $reflectionProperty) {
+            /** @var mixed $propertyValue */
+            $propertyValue = $reflectionProperty->getValue($this);
+            $reflectionProperty->setValue($this, $this->cloneValue($propertyValue));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param mixed $value
+     *
+     * @return mixed The cloned value
+     */
+    private function cloneValue($value)
+    {
+        if (is_array($value)) {
+            return $this->cloneArray($value);
+        }
+
+        if (is_object($value)) {
+            return clone $value;
+        }
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $value
+     *
+     * @return mixed[]
+     *
+     * @psalm-suppress MixedAssignment
+     */
+    private function cloneArray(array $value): array
+    {
+        /** @var mixed[] $clone */
+        $clone = [];
+
+        foreach ($value as $k => $v) {
+            $clone[$k] = $this->cloneValue($v);
+        }
+
+        return $clone;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ElementCollection.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ElementCollection.php
index adc51c9..210b3ba 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ElementCollection.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ElementCollection.php
@@ -65,4 +65,15 @@ public function jsonSerialize()
     {
         return $this->toArray();
     }
+
+    public function __clone()
+    {
+        $items = [];
+
+        foreach ($this->data as $datum) {
+            $items[] = clone $datum;
+        }
+
+        $this->data = $items;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/Location.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/Location.php
index a54ce1d..7aee906 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/Location.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/Location.php
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 class Location
 {
+    use DeepCloner;
+
     public LocationDetails $start;
     public LocationDetails $end;
 
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTokenCollection.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTokenCollection.php
index a234067..16931aa 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTokenCollection.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTokenCollection.php
@@ -48,4 +48,15 @@ public function jsonSerialize()
     {
         return $this->toArray();
     }
+
+    public function __clone()
+    {
+        $items = [];
+
+        foreach ($this->data as $datum) {
+            $items[] = clone $datum;
+        }
+
+        $this->data = $items;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOption.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOption.php
index 37c3e3b..ec55435 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOption.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOption.php
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 class PluralOrSelectOption
 {
+    use DeepCloner;
+
     public ElementCollection $value;
     public Location $location;
 
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElement.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElement.php
index 23a537f..f076785 100644
--- a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElement.php
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElement.php
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 
 final class PoundElement implements ElementInterface
 {
+    use DeepCloner;
+
     public ElementType $type;
-    public ?Location $location = null;
+    public Location $location;
 
     public function __construct(Location $location)
     {
diff --git a/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Printer.php b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Printer.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..675b222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Icu/MessageFormat/Printer.php
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * This file is part of skillshare/formatphp
+ *
+ * skillshare/formatphp is open source software: you can distribute
+ * it and/or modify it under the terms of the MIT License
+ * (the "License"). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) Skillshare, Inc. <https://www.skillshare.com>
+ * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat;
+
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ArgumentElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateTimeSkeleton;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ElementCollection;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ElementInterface;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\LiteralElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberSkeleton;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberSkeletonToken;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\PluralElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\PoundElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\SelectElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\SkeletonInterface;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\TagElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\TimeElement;
+
+use function array_filter;
+use function array_keys;
+use function array_map;
+use function assert;
+use function count;
+use function implode;
+use function is_string;
+use function preg_replace;
+use function str_replace;
+use function strtolower;
+
+/**
+ * Prints an AST representation of ICU message format as a string
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+class Printer
+{
+    /**
+     * Returns the string form of the ICU message format for the given AST
+     */
+    public function printAst(ElementCollection $ast): string
+    {
+        return $this->doPrintAst($ast, false);
+    }
+
+    private function doPrintAst(ElementCollection $ast, bool $isInPlural): string
+    {
+        $printedNodes = array_map(function (ElementInterface $element) use ($isInPlural): string {
+            if ($element instanceof ArgumentElement) {
+                return $this->printArgumentElement($element);
+            }
+
+            if (
+                $element instanceof DateElement
+                || $element instanceof TimeElement
+                || $element instanceof NumberElement
+            ) {
+                return $this->printSimpleFormatElement($element);
+            }
+
+            if ($element instanceof PluralElement) {
+                return $this->printPluralElement($element);
+            }
+
+            if ($element instanceof SelectElement) {
+                return $this->printSelectElement($element);
+            }
+
+            if ($element instanceof PoundElement) {
+                return '#';
+            }
+
+            if ($element instanceof TagElement) {
+                return $this->printTagElement($element);
+            }
+
+            assert($element instanceof LiteralElement);
+
+            return $this->printLiteralElement($element, $isInPlural);
+        }, $ast->toArray());
+
+        return implode('', $printedNodes);
+    }
+
+    private function printEscapedMessage(string $message): string
+    {
+        return (string) preg_replace('/([{}](?:.*[{}])?)/su', '\'$1\'', $message);
+    }
+
+    private function printTagElement(TagElement $element): string
+    {
+        return "<$element->value>" . $this->printAst($element->children) . "</$element->value>";
+    }
+
+    private function printLiteralElement(LiteralElement $element, bool $isInPlural): string
+    {
+        $escaped = $this->printEscapedMessage($element->value);
+
+        return $isInPlural ? str_replace('#', "'#'", $escaped) : $escaped;
+    }
+
+    private function printArgumentElement(ArgumentElement $element): string
+    {
+        return '{' . $element->value . '}';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param DateElement | TimeElement | NumberElement $element
+     */
+    private function printSimpleFormatElement($element): string
+    {
+        $style = '';
+        if ($element->style !== null) {
+            $style = ', ' . $this->printArgumentStyle($element->style);
+        }
+
+        return '{'
+            . $element->value
+            . ', '
+            . strtolower($element->type->getKey())
+            . $style
+            . '}';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string | SkeletonInterface $style
+     */
+    private function printArgumentStyle($style): string
+    {
+        if (is_string($style)) {
+            return $this->printEscapedMessage($style);
+        }
+
+        if ($style instanceof DateTimeSkeleton) {
+            return '::' . $this->printDateTimeSkeleton($style);
+        }
+
+        assert($style instanceof NumberSkeleton);
+
+        return '::' . implode(' ', array_map([$this, 'printNumberSkeletonToken'], $style->tokens->toArray()));
+    }
+
+    private function printDateTimeSkeleton(DateTimeSkeleton $style): string
+    {
+        return $style->pattern;
+    }
+
+    private function printNumberSkeletonToken(NumberSkeletonToken $token): string
+    {
+        $stem = $token->stem;
+        $options = $token->options;
+
+        return count($options) === 0
+            ? $stem
+            : $stem . implode('', array_map(fn (string $option): string => "/$option", $options));
+    }
+
+    private function printSelectElement(SelectElement $element): string
+    {
+        $msg = [
+            $element->value,
+            'select',
+            implode(
+                ' ',
+                array_map(
+                    fn (string $id): string => "$id{" . $this->doPrintAst($element->options[$id]->value, false) . '}',
+                    array_keys($element->options),
+                ),
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        return '{' . implode(', ', $msg) . '}';
+    }
+
+    private function printPluralElement(PluralElement $element): string
+    {
+        $msg = [
+            $element->value,
+            $element->pluralType === 'cardinal' ? 'plural' : 'selectordinal',
+            implode(' ', array_filter([
+                $element->offset ? "offset:$element->offset" : '',
+                ...array_map(
+                    fn (string $id): string => "$id{" . $this->doPrintAst($element->options[$id]->value, true) . '}',
+                    array_keys($element->options),
+                ),
+            ])),
+        ];
+
+        return '{' . implode(', ', $msg) . '}';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/DescriptorTest.php b/tests/DescriptorTest.php
index 7de1a8e..a59e253 100644
--- a/tests/DescriptorTest.php
+++ b/tests/DescriptorTest.php
@@ -79,4 +79,12 @@ public function testSetId(): void
 
         $this->assertSame('aDescriptorId', $descriptor->getId());
     }
+
+    public function testSetDefaultMessage(): void
+    {
+        $descriptor = new Descriptor();
+        $descriptor->setDefaultMessage('a default message');
+
+        $this->assertSame('a default message', $descriptor->getDefaultMessage());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Extractor/MessageExtractorTest.php b/tests/Extractor/MessageExtractorTest.php
index 75e3d56..3b0e80b 100644
--- a/tests/Extractor/MessageExtractorTest.php
+++ b/tests/Extractor/MessageExtractorTest.php
@@ -684,4 +684,61 @@ public function testProcessThrowsExceptionWithCustomParserNotACallable(): void
             __DIR__ . '/Parser/Descriptor/fixtures/*.template',
         ]);
     }
+
+    public function testProcessFlatten(): void
+    {
+        $logger = new NullLogger();
+        $options = new MessageExtractorOptions();
+        $options->functionNames = ['formatMessage', 'translate'];
+        $options->flatten = true;
+
+        $extractor = new MessageExtractor(
+            $options,
+            $logger,
+            new Globber(new FileSystemHelper()),
+            new FileSystemHelper(),
+            new FormatHelper(new FileSystemHelper()),
+        );
+
+        ob_start();
+        $extractor->process([__DIR__ . '/Parser/Descriptor/fixtures/*.ph*']);
+        $output = ob_get_contents();
+        ob_end_clean();
+
+        $messages = json_decode((string) $output, true);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            [
+                'aTestId' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'This is a default message',
+                    'description' => 'A simple description of a fixture for testing purposes.',
+                ],
+                'OpKKos' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'Hello!',
+                ],
+                'photos.count' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => '{numPhotos, plural, =0{You have no photos.} '
+                        . '=1{You have one photo.} other{You have # photos.}}',
+                    'description' => 'A description with multiple lines and extra whitespace.',
+                ],
+                'welcome' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'Welcome!',
+                ],
+                'goodbye' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'Goodbye!',
+                ],
+                'Soex4s' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'This is a default message',
+                    'description' => 'A simple description of a fixture for testing purposes.',
+                ],
+                'xgMWoP' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'This is a default message',
+                ],
+                'Q+U0TW' => [
+                    'defaultMessage' => 'Welcome!',
+                ],
+            ],
+            $messages,
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/ManipulatorTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/ManipulatorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e2deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/ManipulatorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FormatPHP\Test\Icu\MessageFormat;
+
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Manipulator;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Printer;
+use FormatPHP\Test\TestCase;
+
+use function assert;
+
+class ManipulatorTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider messageProvider
+     */
+    public function testHoistSelectors(string $message): void
+    {
+        $parser = new Parser($message);
+        $result = $parser->parse();
+
+        assert($result->val !== null);
+
+        $manipulator = new Manipulator();
+        $hoistedAst = $manipulator->hoistSelectors($result->val);
+
+        $printer = new Printer();
+
+        $this->assertMatchesTextSnapshot($printer->printAst($hoistedAst));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array{message: string}>
+     */
+    public function messageProvider(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'should hoist 1 plural' => [
+                'message' => 'I have {count, plural, one{a dog} other{many dogs}}',
+            ],
+            'hoist some random case 1' => [
+                'message' => '{p1, plural, one{one {foo, select, bar{two} baz{three} other{other}}} other{other}}',
+            ],
+            'should hoist plural & select and tag' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+                    I have {count, plural,
+                        one{a {
+                            gender, select,
+                                male{male}
+                                female{female}
+                                other{male}
+                            } <b>dog</b>
+                        }
+                        other{many dogs}} and {count, plural,
+                            one{a {
+                                gender, select,
+                                    male{male}
+                                    female{female}
+                                    other{male}
+                                } <strong>cat</strong>
+                            }
+                            other{many cats}}
+                    EOD,
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ArgumentElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ArgumentElementTest.php
index 6977970..03c84c1 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ArgumentElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/ArgumentElementTest.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 class ArgumentElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -21,5 +21,21 @@ public function testType(): void
         $element = new ArgumentElement('argument value', $location);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Argument(), $element->type);
+        $this->assertSame('argument value', $element->value);
+        $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $element = new ArgumentElement('argument value', $location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateElementTest.php
index e1ed0d3..e073670 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateElementTest.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace FormatPHP\Test\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type;
 
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateTimeFormatOptions;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateTimeSkeleton;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ElementType;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\Location;
@@ -13,19 +14,45 @@
 
 class DateElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
         $location = new Location($start, $end);
 
-        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('date pattern', $location);
+        $parsedOptions = new DateTimeFormatOptions();
+        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('date pattern', $location, $parsedOptions);
 
         $element = new DateElement('date element value', $location, $skeleton);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Date(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame('date element value', $element->value);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+        $this->assertSame($start, $element->location->start);
+        $this->assertSame($end, $element->location->end);
         $this->assertSame($skeleton, $element->style);
+        $this->assertSame($parsedOptions, $element->style->parsedOptions);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $parsedOptions = new DateTimeFormatOptions();
+        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('date pattern', $location, $parsedOptions);
+
+        $element = new DateElement('date element value', $location, $skeleton);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
+        $this->assertNotSame($skeleton, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotNull($clone->style);
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(DateTimeSkeleton::class, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->style->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($parsedOptions, $clone->style->parsedOptions);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateTimeSkeletonTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateTimeSkeletonTest.php
index 939884c..ba4ae13 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateTimeSkeletonTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/DateTimeSkeletonTest.php
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 class DateTimeSkeletonTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -28,4 +28,21 @@ public function testType(): void
         $this->assertSame($location, $skeleton->location);
         $this->assertSame($parsedOptions, $skeleton->parsedOptions);
     }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $parsedOptions = new DateTimeFormatOptions();
+
+        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('date pattern', $location, $parsedOptions);
+        $clone = clone $skeleton;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
+        $this->assertNotSame($parsedOptions, $clone->parsedOptions);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LiteralElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LiteralElementTest.php
index f89e8ff..4561603 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LiteralElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LiteralElementTest.php
@@ -12,15 +12,30 @@
 
 class LiteralElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
-        $details1 = new LocationDetails(7, 4, 5);
-        $details2 = new LocationDetails(12, 4, 10);
-        $location = new Location($details1, $details2);
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
         $element = new LiteralElement('a literal element', $location);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Literal(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame('a literal element', $element->value);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
     }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $element = new LiteralElement('a literal element', $location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LocationTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LocationTest.php
index 07b8571..1631984 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LocationTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/LocationTest.php
@@ -19,4 +19,16 @@ public function testConstructor(): void
         $this->assertSame($details1, $location->start);
         $this->assertSame($details2, $location->end);
     }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $clone = clone $location;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->end);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberElementTest.php
index 39015b8..449605c 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberElementTest.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\Location;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\LocationDetails;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberElement;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberFormatOptions;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberSkeleton;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberSkeletonToken;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\NumberSkeletonTokenCollection;
@@ -15,19 +16,48 @@
 
 class NumberElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
         $location = new Location($start, $end);
 
-        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([new NumberSkeletonToken('token1')]);
-        $skeleton = new NumberSkeleton($tokens, $location);
+        $options = new NumberFormatOptions();
+        $token = new NumberSkeletonToken('token1');
+        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([$token]);
+        $skeleton = new NumberSkeleton($tokens, $location, $options);
 
         $element = new NumberElement('number value', $location, $skeleton);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Number(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
         $this->assertSame($skeleton, $element->style);
+        $this->assertSame($skeleton, $element->style);
+        $this->assertSame($options, $element->style->parsedOptions);
+        $this->assertCount(1, $element->style->tokens);
+        $this->assertSame($token, $element->style->tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $options = new NumberFormatOptions();
+        $token = new NumberSkeletonToken('token1');
+        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([$token]);
+        $skeleton = new NumberSkeleton($tokens, $location, $options);
+
+        $element = new NumberElement('number value', $location, $skeleton);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($skeleton, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotSame($skeleton, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(NumberSkeleton::class, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotSame($options, $clone->style->parsedOptions);
+        $this->assertCount(1, $clone->style->tokens);
+        $this->assertNotSame($token, $clone->style->tokens[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTest.php
index f40dfd7..6a9e8c4 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/NumberSkeletonTest.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 class NumberSkeletonTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -23,12 +23,36 @@ public function testType(): void
 
         $options = new NumberFormatOptions();
 
-        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([new NumberSkeletonToken('token1')]);
+        $token = new NumberSkeletonToken('token1');
+        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([$token]);
         $skeleton = new NumberSkeleton($tokens, $location, $options);
 
         $this->assertEquals(SkeletonType::Number(), $skeleton->type);
         $this->assertSame($tokens, $skeleton->tokens);
         $this->assertSame($location, $skeleton->location);
         $this->assertSame($options, $skeleton->parsedOptions);
+        $this->assertCount(1, $skeleton->tokens);
+        $this->assertSame($token, $skeleton->tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $options = new NumberFormatOptions();
+
+        $token = new NumberSkeletonToken('token1');
+        $tokens = new NumberSkeletonTokenCollection([$token]);
+        $skeleton = new NumberSkeleton($tokens, $location, $options);
+
+        $clone = clone $skeleton;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($tokens, $clone->tokens);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($options, $clone->parsedOptions);
+        $this->assertCount(1, $clone->tokens);
+        $this->assertNotSame($token, $clone->tokens[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralElementTest.php
index d38eb1b..b5ac25c 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralElementTest.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 class PluralElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ public function testType(): void
 
         $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
 
+        $option = new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location);
+
         $options = [
-            'one' => new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location),
-            'two' => new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location),
+            'one' => $option,
+            'two' => $option,
         ];
 
         $element = new PluralElement('plural value', $options, 56, 'cardinal', $location);
@@ -36,5 +38,33 @@ public function testType(): void
         $this->assertSame(56, $element->offset);
         $this->assertSame('cardinal', $element->pluralType);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('one', $element->options);
+        $this->assertSame($option, $element->options['one']);
+        $this->assertSame($formatElement, $element->options['one']->value[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
+
+        $option = new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location);
+
+        $options = [
+            'one' => $option,
+            'two' => $option,
+        ];
+
+        $element = new PluralElement('plural value', $options, 56, 'cardinal', $location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($options, $clone->options);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('one', $clone->options);
+        $this->assertNotSame($option, $clone->options['one']);
+        $this->assertNotSame($formatElement, $clone->options['one']->value[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOptionTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOptionTest.php
index 8c7cc0f..3ab660b 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOptionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PluralOrSelectOptionTest.php
@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@ class PluralOrSelectOptionTest extends TestCase
 {
     public function testConstructor(): void
     {
-        $elements = new ElementCollection([
-            $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class),
-            $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class),
-            $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class),
-        ]);
+        $element = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
+        $elements = new ElementCollection([$element, $element]);
 
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -29,5 +26,23 @@ public function testConstructor(): void
 
         $this->assertSame($elements, $option->value);
         $this->assertSame($location, $option->location);
+        $this->assertSame($element, $option->value[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $element = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
+        $elements = new ElementCollection([$element, $element]);
+
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $option = new PluralOrSelectOption($elements, $location);
+        $clone = clone $option;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($elements, $clone->value);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($element, $clone->value[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElementTest.php
index 73fd365..73f5067 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/PoundElementTest.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 class PoundElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
@@ -23,4 +23,18 @@ public function testType(): void
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Pound(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
     }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $element = new PoundElement($location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/SelectElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/SelectElementTest.php
index 0847a8f..b0a8e8a 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/SelectElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/SelectElementTest.php
@@ -15,24 +15,42 @@
 
 class SelectElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
         $location = new Location($start, $end);
 
         $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
-
-        $options = [
-            'one' => new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location),
-            'two' => new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location),
-        ];
-
+        $option = new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location);
+        $options = ['one' => $option, 'two' => $option];
         $element = new SelectElement('select value', $options, $location);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Select(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame('select value', $element->value);
         $this->assertSame($options, $element->options);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('one', $element->options);
+        $this->assertSame($option, $element->options['one']);
+        $this->assertSame($formatElement, $element->options['one']->value[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
+        $option = new PluralOrSelectOption(new ElementCollection([$formatElement]), $location);
+        $options = ['one' => $option, 'two' => $option];
+        $element = new SelectElement('select value', $options, $location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($options, $clone->options);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('one', $clone->options);
+        $this->assertNotSame($option, $clone->options['one']);
+        $this->assertNotSame($formatElement, $clone->options['one']->value[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TagElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TagElementTest.php
index 5281495..0781c75 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TagElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TagElementTest.php
@@ -14,20 +14,40 @@
 
 class TagElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
         $location = new Location($start, $end);
 
         $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
-        $children = new ElementCollection([clone $formatElement, clone $formatElement]);
+        $children = new ElementCollection([$formatElement, $formatElement]);
 
         $element = new TagElement('tag name', $children, $location);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Tag(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame('tag name', $element->value);
-        $this->assertSame($children, $element->children);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+        $this->assertSame($children, $element->children);
+        $this->assertCount(2, $element->children);
+        $this->assertSame($formatElement, $element->children[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $formatElement = $this->mockery(ElementInterface::class);
+        $children = new ElementCollection([$formatElement, $formatElement]);
+
+        $element = new TagElement('tag name', $children, $location);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($children, $clone->children);
+        $this->assertCount(2, $element->children);
+        $this->assertNotSame($formatElement, $clone->children[0]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TimeElementTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TimeElementTest.php
index d1a2f8e..91e1018 100644
--- a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TimeElementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/Parser/Type/TimeElementTest.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace FormatPHP\Test\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type;
 
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateTimeFormatOptions;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\DateTimeSkeleton;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\ElementType;
 use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Type\Location;
@@ -13,19 +14,45 @@
 
 class TimeElementTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function testType(): void
+    public function testConstructor(): void
     {
         $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
         $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
         $location = new Location($start, $end);
 
-        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('time pattern', $location);
+        $parsedOptions = new DateTimeFormatOptions();
+        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('time pattern', $location, $parsedOptions);
 
         $element = new TimeElement('time element', $location, $skeleton);
 
         $this->assertEquals(ElementType::Time(), $element->type);
         $this->assertSame('time element', $element->value);
         $this->assertSame($location, $element->location);
+        $this->assertSame($start, $element->location->start);
+        $this->assertSame($end, $element->location->end);
         $this->assertSame($skeleton, $element->style);
+        $this->assertSame($parsedOptions, $element->style->parsedOptions);
+    }
+
+    public function testDeepClone(): void
+    {
+        $start = new LocationDetails(0, 1, 1);
+        $end = new LocationDetails(2, 4, 6);
+        $location = new Location($start, $end);
+
+        $parsedOptions = new DateTimeFormatOptions();
+        $skeleton = new DateTimeSkeleton('time pattern', $location, $parsedOptions);
+
+        $element = new TimeElement('time element', $location, $skeleton);
+        $clone = clone $element;
+
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($start, $clone->location->start);
+        $this->assertNotSame($end, $clone->location->end);
+        $this->assertNotSame($skeleton, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotNull($clone->style);
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(DateTimeSkeleton::class, $clone->style);
+        $this->assertNotSame($location, $clone->style->location);
+        $this->assertNotSame($parsedOptions, $clone->style->parsedOptions);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/PrinterTest.php b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/PrinterTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00138aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/PrinterTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FormatPHP\Test\Icu\MessageFormat;
+
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Parser\Options;
+use FormatPHP\Icu\MessageFormat\Printer;
+use FormatPHP\Test\TestCase;
+
+class PrinterTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider messageProvider
+     */
+    public function testPrintAst(string $message, ?Options $options = null): void
+    {
+        $parser = new Parser($message, $options);
+        $parsed = $parser->parse();
+
+        $printer = new Printer();
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($parsed->val);
+        $this->assertMatchesTextSnapshot($printer->printAst($parsed->val));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array{message: string, options?: Options}>
+     */
+    public function messageProvider(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'basic_argument_1' => ['message' => '{a}'],
+            'basic_argument_2' => ['message' => "a {b} \nc"],
+            'date_arg_skeleton_1' => ['message' => "{0, date, ::yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss vvvv}"],
+            'date_arg_skeleton_2' => ['message' => "{0, date, ::EEE, MMM d, ''yy}"],
+            'date_arg_skeleton_3' => ['message' => '{0, date, ::h:mm a}'],
+            'escaped_pound_1' => [
+                'message' => "{numPhotos, plural, =0{no photos} =1{one photo} other{'#' photos}}",
+            ],
+            'ignore_tag_number_arg_1' => [
+                'message' => 'I have <foo>{numCats, number}</foo> cats.',
+                'options' => (function (): Options {
+                    $options = new Options();
+                    $options->ignoreTag = true;
+
+                    return $options;
+                })(),
+            ],
+            'ignore_tags_1' => [
+                'message' => '<test-tag></test-tag>',
+                'options' => (function (): Options {
+                    $options = new Options();
+                    $options->ignoreTag = true;
+
+                    return $options;
+                })(),
+            ],
+            'left_angle_bracket_1' => ['message' => 'I <3 cats.'],
+            'less_than_sign_1' => [
+                // See: https://github.com/formatjs/formatjs/issues/1845
+                'message' => '< {level, select, A {1} 4 {2} 3 {3} 2{6} 1{12}} hours',
+            ],
+            'negative_offset_1' => [
+                'message' => '{c, plural, offset:-2 =-1 { {text} project} other { {text} projects}}',
+            ],
+            'nested_1' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    {gender_of_host, select,
+                      female {
+                        {num_guests, plural, offset:1
+                          =0 {{host} does not give a party.}
+                          =1 {{host} invites {guest} to her party.}
+                          =2 {{host} invites {guest} and one other person to her party.}
+                          other {{host} invites {guest} and # other people to her party.}}}
+                      male {
+                        {num_guests, plural, offset:1
+                          =0 {{host} does not give a party.}
+                          =1 {{host} invites {guest} to his party.}
+                          =2 {{host} invites {guest} and one other person to his party.}
+                          other {{host} invites {guest} and # other people to his party.}}}
+                      other {
+                        {num_guests, plural, offset:1
+                          =0 {{host} does not give a party.}
+                          =1 {{host} invites {guest} to their party.}
+                          =2 {{host} invites {guest} and one other person to their party.}
+                          other {{host} invites {guest} and # other people to their party.}}}}
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'nested_tags_1' => ['message' => 'this is <a>nested <b>{placeholder}</b></a>'],
+            'not_escaped_pound_1' => ['message' => "'#'"],
+            'not_quoted_string_2' => ['message' => "I don't know"],
+            'not_self_closing_tag_1' => ['message' => '< test-tag />'],
+            'number_arg_skeleton_2' => ['message' => '{0, number, :: currency/GBP}'],
+            'number_arg_skeleton_3' => ['message' => '{0, number, ::currency/GBP compact-short}'],
+            'number_arg_style_1' => ['message' => '{0, number, percent}'],
+            'numeric_tag_1' => ['message' => '<i0>foo</i0>'],
+            'open_close_tag_1' => ['message' => '<test-tag></test-tag>'],
+            'open_close_tag_2' => ['message' => '<test-tag>foo</test-tag>'],
+            'open_close_tag_3' => ['message' => '<test-tag>foo {0} bar</test-tag>'],
+            'open_close_tag_with_args' => [
+                'message' => 'I <b>have</b> <foo>{numCats, number} some string {placeholder}</foo> cats.',
+            ],
+            'open_close_tag_with_nested_arg' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+                    <bold>You have {
+                            count, plural,
+                            one {<italic>#</italic> apple}
+                            other {<italic>#</italic> apples}
+                        }.</bold>
+                    EOD,
+            ],
+            'plural_arg_1' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    Cart: {itemCount} {itemCount, plural,
+                        one {item}
+                        other {items}
+                    }
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'plural_arg_2' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    You have {itemCount, plural,
+                        =0 {no items}
+                        one {1 item}
+                        other {{itemCount} items}
+                    }.
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'plural_arg_with_escaped_nested_message' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    {itemCount, plural,
+                        one {item'}'}
+                        other {items'}'}
+                    }
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'plural_arg_with_offset_1' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+                    You have {itemCount, plural, offset: 2
+                            =0 {no items}
+                            one {1 item}
+                            other {{itemCount} items}
+                        }.
+                    EOD,
+            ],
+            'quoted_pound_sign_1' => [
+                'message' => "You {count, plural, one {worked for '#' hour} other {worked for '#' hours}} today.",
+            ],
+            'quoted_string_3' => ['message' => "aaa'{'"],
+            'quoted_string_4' => ['message' => "aaa'}'"],
+            'select_arg_1' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    {gender, select,
+                        male {He}
+                        female {She}
+                        other {They}
+                    } will respond shortly.
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'select_arg_with_nested_arguments' => [
+                'message' => <<<'EOD'
+
+                    {taxableArea, select,
+                        yes {An additional {taxRate, number, percent} tax will be collected.}
+                        other {No taxes apply.}
+                    }
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'selectordinal_1' => [
+                'message' => '{floor, selectordinal, =0{ground} one{#st} two{#nd} few{#rd} other{#th}} floor',
+            ],
+            'self_closing_tag_1' => ['message' => '<test-tag />'],
+            'self_closing_tag_2' => ['message' => '<test-tag/>'],
+            'simple_argument_1' => ['message' => 'My name is {0}'],
+            'simple_argument_2' => ['message' => 'My name is { name }'],
+            'simple_date_and_time_arg_1' => [
+                'message' => 'Your meeting is scheduled for the {dateVal, date} at {timeVal, time}',
+            ],
+            'simple_number_arg_1' => ['message' => 'I have {numCats, number} cats.'],
+            'time_arg_skeleton_1' => ['message' => '{0, time, ::h:mm a}'],
+            'treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace' => [
+                // phpcs:ignore SlevomatCodingStandard.PHP.RequireNowdoc.RequiredNowdoc
+                'message' => <<<EOD
+
+                    {gender, select,
+                    \u{200E}male {
+                        {He}}
+                    \u{200E}female {
+                        {She}}
+                    \u{200E}other{
+                        {They}}}
+                EOD,
+            ],
+            'trivial_1' => ['message' => 'a'],
+            'trivial_2' => ['message' => '中文'],
+            'unescaped_string_literal_1' => ['message' => '}'],
+            'uppercase_tag_1' => ['message' => 'this is <a>nested <Button>{placeholder}</Button></a>'],
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set hoist some random case 1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set hoist some random case 1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c43dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set hoist some random case 1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{p1, plural, one{{foo, select, bar{one two} baz{one three} other{one other}}} other{other}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist 1 plural__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist 1 plural__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d6967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist 1 plural__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{count, plural, one{I have a dog} other{I have many dogs}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist plural  select and tag__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist plural  select and tag__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83e6f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/ManipulatorTest__testHoistSelectors with data set should hoist plural  select and tag__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{count, plural, one{{gender, select, male{{count, plural, one{{gender, select, male{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        } female{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a female <strong>cat</strong>
+        } other{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        }}} other{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and many cats}}} female{{count, plural, one{{gender, select, male{I have a female <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        } female{I have a female <b>dog</b>
+     and a female <strong>cat</strong>
+        } other{I have a female <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        }}} other{I have a female <b>dog</b>
+     and many cats}}} other{{count, plural, one{{gender, select, male{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        } female{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a female <strong>cat</strong>
+        } other{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        }}} other{I have a male <b>dog</b>
+     and many cats}}}}} other{{count, plural, one{{gender, select, male{I have many dogs and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        } female{I have many dogs and a female <strong>cat</strong>
+        } other{I have many dogs and a male <strong>cat</strong>
+        }}} other{I have many dogs and many cats}}}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c772e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{a}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b4a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set basic_argument_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+a {b} 
+c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05c9632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, date, ::yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss vvvv}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11c79b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, date, ::EEE, MMM d, ''yy}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc8c1f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set date_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, date, ::h:mm a}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set escaped_pound_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set escaped_pound_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf4c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set escaped_pound_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{numPhotos, plural, =0{no photos} =1{one photo} other{'#' photos}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tag_number_arg_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tag_number_arg_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bc235c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tag_number_arg_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+I have <foo>{numCats, number}</foo> cats.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tags_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tags_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce649b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set ignore_tags_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag></test-tag>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set left_angle_bracket_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set left_angle_bracket_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fddfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set left_angle_bracket_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+I <3 cats.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set less_than_sign_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set less_than_sign_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8252615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set less_than_sign_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+< {level, select, A{1} 4{2} 3{3} 2{6} 1{12}} hours
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set negative_offset_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set negative_offset_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e6f023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set negative_offset_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{c, plural, offset:-2 =-1{ {text} project} other{ {text} projects}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87c38ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+    {gender_of_host, select, female{
+        {num_guests, plural, offset:1 =0{{host} does not give a party.} =1{{host} invites {guest} to her party.} =2{{host} invites {guest} and one other person to her party.} other{{host} invites {guest} and # other people to her party.}}} male{
+        {num_guests, plural, offset:1 =0{{host} does not give a party.} =1{{host} invites {guest} to his party.} =2{{host} invites {guest} and one other person to his party.} other{{host} invites {guest} and # other people to his party.}}} other{
+        {num_guests, plural, offset:1 =0{{host} does not give a party.} =1{{host} invites {guest} to their party.} =2{{host} invites {guest} and one other person to their party.} other{{host} invites {guest} and # other people to their party.}}}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_tags_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_tags_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069c8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set nested_tags_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+this is <a>nested <b>{placeholder}</b></a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_escaped_pound_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_escaped_pound_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187c0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_escaped_pound_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+'#'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_quoted_string_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_quoted_string_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcbd8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_quoted_string_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+I don't know
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_self_closing_tag_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_self_closing_tag_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..951aa3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set not_self_closing_tag_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+< test-tag />
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d062cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, number, ::currency/GBP}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccced65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_skeleton_3__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, number, ::currency/GBP compact-short}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_style_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_style_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a611298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set number_arg_style_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, number, percent}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set numeric_tag_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set numeric_tag_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87dd140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set numeric_tag_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<i0>foo</i0>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce649b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag></test-tag>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe2cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag>foo</test-tag>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_3__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_3__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea337b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_3__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag>foo {0} bar</test-tag>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_args__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_args__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af5c431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_args__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+I <b>have</b> <foo>{numCats, number} some string {placeholder}</foo> cats.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_nested_arg__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_nested_arg__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ef637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set open_close_tag_with_nested_arg__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<bold>You have {count, plural, one{<italic>#</italic> apple} other{<italic>#</italic> apples}}.</bold>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4509c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+    Cart: {itemCount} {itemCount, plural, one{item} other{items}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8dbb0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+    You have {itemCount, plural, =0{no items} one{1 item} other{{itemCount} items}}.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_escaped_nested_message__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_escaped_nested_message__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4275ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_escaped_nested_message__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+    {itemCount, plural, one{item'}'} other{items'}'}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_offset_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_offset_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4d7a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set plural_arg_with_offset_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+You have {itemCount, plural, offset:2 =0{no items} one{1 item} other{{itemCount} items}}.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_pound_sign_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_pound_sign_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc7bd79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_pound_sign_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+You {count, plural, one{worked for '#' hour} other{worked for '#' hours}} today.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_3__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_3__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93e41df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_3__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+aaa'{'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_4__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_4__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f993ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set quoted_string_4__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+aaa'}'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c243b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+    {gender, select, male{He} female{She} other{They}} will respond shortly.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_with_nested_arguments__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_with_nested_arguments__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15015d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set select_arg_with_nested_arguments__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+    {taxableArea, select, yes{An additional {taxRate, number, percent} tax will be collected.} other{No taxes apply.}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set selectordinal_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set selectordinal_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09ad349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set selectordinal_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{floor, selectordinal, =0{ground} one{#st} two{#nd} few{#rd} other{#th}} floor
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a0d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag/>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a0d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set self_closing_tag_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<test-tag/>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efab1a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+My name is {0}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ec5059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_argument_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+My name is {name}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_date_and_time_arg_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_date_and_time_arg_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dcf758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_date_and_time_arg_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Your meeting is scheduled for the {dateVal, date} at {timeVal, time}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_number_arg_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_number_arg_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d0154e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set simple_number_arg_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+I have {numCats, number} cats.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set time_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set time_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..530cd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set time_arg_skeleton_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{0, time, ::h:mm a}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdf98b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set treat_unicode_nbsp_as_whitespace__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+    {gender, select, male{
+        {He}} female{
+        {She}} other{
+        {They}}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e65efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_2__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_2__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efbb133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set trivial_2__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+中文
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set unescaped_string_literal_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set unescaped_string_literal_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468a90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set unescaped_string_literal_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+'}'
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set uppercase_tag_1__1.txt b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set uppercase_tag_1__1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6203c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Icu/MessageFormat/__snapshots__/PrinterTest__testPrintAst with data set uppercase_tag_1__1.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+this is <a>nested <Button>{placeholder}</Button></a>
\ No newline at end of file