diff --git a/typo3/sysext/core/Classes/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthentication.php b/typo3/sysext/core/Classes/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthentication.php
index 58419cbff6f0..376596526c43 100644
--- a/typo3/sysext/core/Classes/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthentication.php
+++ b/typo3/sysext/core/Classes/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthentication.php
@@ -1019,8 +1019,12 @@ public function unpack_uc($theUC = '')
      */
     public function pushModuleData($module, $data, $noSave = 0)
     {
+        $sessionHash = GeneralUtility::hmac(
+            $this->userSession->getIdentifier(),
+            'core-session-hash'
+        );
         $this->uc['moduleData'][$module] = $data;
-        $this->uc['moduleSessionID'][$module] = $this->userSession->getIdentifier();
+        $this->uc['moduleSessionID'][$module] = $sessionHash;
         if (!$noSave) {
             $this->writeUC();
         }
@@ -1035,8 +1039,18 @@ public function pushModuleData($module, $data, $noSave = 0)
      */
     public function getModuleData($module, $type = '')
     {
-        if ($type !== 'ses' || (isset($this->uc['moduleSessionID'][$module]) && $this->uc['moduleSessionID'][$module] == $this->userSession->getIdentifier())) {
-            return $this->uc['moduleData'][$module];
+        $sessionHash = GeneralUtility::hmac(
+            $this->userSession->getIdentifier(),
+            'core-session-hash'
+        );
+        $sessionData = $this->uc['moduleData'][$module] ?? null;
+        $moduleSessionIdHash = $this->uc['moduleSessionID'][$module] ?? null;
+        if ($type !== 'ses'
+            || $sessionData !== null && $moduleSessionIdHash === $sessionHash
+            // @todo Fallback for non-hashed values in `moduleSessionID`, remove for TYPO3 v11.5 LTS
+            || $sessionData !== null && $moduleSessionIdHash === $this->userSession->getIdentifier()
+        ) {
+            return $sessionData;
         }
         return null;
     }
diff --git a/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthenticationTest.php b/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthenticationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a3b193581acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/AbstractUserAuthenticationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
+ *
+ * It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
+ * of the License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please read the
+ * LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
+ *
+ * The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
+ */
+
+namespace TYPO3\CMS\Core\Tests\Functional\Authentication;
+
+use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSession;
+use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Tests\Functional\Authentication\Fixtures\AnyUserAuthentication;
+use TYPO3\TestingFramework\Core\Functional\FunctionalTestCase;
+
+class AbstractUserAuthenticationTest extends FunctionalTestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private $sessionId;
+
+    /**
+     * @var AnyUserAuthentication
+     */
+    private $subject;
+
+    /**
+     * @var UserSession
+     */
+    private $userSession;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['encryptionKey'] = '12345';
+        $this->sessionId = bin2hex(random_bytes(20));
+        $this->userSession = UserSession::createNonFixated($this->sessionId);
+        $this->subject = new AnyUserAuthentication($this->userSession);
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        unset($this->sessionId, $this->userSession, $this->subject);
+        unset($GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['SYS']['encryptionKey']);
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function pushModuleDataDoesNotRevealPlainSessionId(): void
+    {
+        $this->subject->pushModuleData(self::class, true);
+        self::assertNotContains($this->sessionId, $this->subject->uc['moduleSessionID']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function getModuleDataResolvesHashedSessionId(): void
+    {
+        $this->subject->pushModuleData(self::class, true);
+        self::assertTrue($this->subject->getModuleData(self::class));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @test
+     */
+    public function getModuleDataFallsBackToPlainSessionId(): void
+    {
+        $this->subject->uc['moduleData'][self::class] = true;
+        $this->subject->uc['moduleSessionID'][self::class] = $this->sessionId;
+        self::assertTrue($this->subject->getModuleData(self::class));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/Fixtures/AnyUserAuthentication.php b/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/Fixtures/AnyUserAuthentication.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..321cb614d013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/typo3/sysext/core/Tests/Functional/Authentication/Fixtures/AnyUserAuthentication.php
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the TYPO3 CMS project.
+ *
+ * It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU General Public License, either version 2
+ * of the License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please read the
+ * LICENSE.txt file that was distributed with this source code.
+ *
+ * The TYPO3 project - inspiring people to share!
+ */
+
+namespace TYPO3\CMS\Core\Tests\Functional\Authentication\Fixtures;
+
+use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Authentication\AbstractUserAuthentication;
+use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Session\UserSession;
+
+class AnyUserAuthentication extends AbstractUserAuthentication
+{
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public $uc = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $loginType = 'ANY';
+
+    public function __construct(UserSession $userSession)
+    {
+        parent::__construct();
+        $this->userSession = $userSession;
+    }
+}