[FEATURE] Build a common graph representation

[fhlasek]

Most of the algorithms in the graph folder implement their own representation of the graph structure and very often it is quite similar piece of the code.

Detailed Description

• Build a new header-only library in graph folder that will contain a class for storing a graph as an adjacency list.
• Use the structure to pass the graph object as a parameter for graph algorithms in the folder

Context

Pointed out in #986 as a desirable thing to have to reduce the code duplication and also contributes to #909

Possible Implementation

I believe the implementation in cycle_check_directed_graph.cpp might be a good start

[stale]

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[stale]

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