diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs_test.cc
index f000ac6971651..d709eb78047fd 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/azurefs_test.cc
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ TEST(AzureFileSystem, UploadThenDownload) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(blob_content.begin(), blob_content.end());
   blob_client.UploadFrom(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer2(blob_content.size());
-  blob_client.DownloadTo(buffer2.data(), buffer2.size());
+  std::vector<uint8_t> downloaded_content(blob_content.size());
+  blob_client.DownloadTo(downloaded_content.data(), downloaded_content.size());
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(buffer2.begin(), buffer2.end()), blob_content);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(downloaded_content.begin(), downloaded_content.end()), blob_content);
 }
 
 TEST(AzureFileSystem, InitializeCredentials) {