GUD is a resource for EL manually annotated for morphology and syntax. It is an ongoing project led by Stella Markantonatou and Vivian Stamou (hereinafter: the GUD team), both researchers at the Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP/Athena Research Centre).
There are two UD treebanks of Modern Greek (EL): UD_Greek-GDT, UD_Greek-GUD.
- GDT and GUD have adopted the same tokenization and word segmentation guidelines.
- The two treebanks present notable differences as regards morphological annotation; these differences are presented in index.
The UD documentation for EL morphology (el_pos and el_feat) is based on research in the context of the GUD.
The UD documentation for EL syntax syntactic structures is based on research in the context of the Greek Dependency Treebank (GDT). On the other hand, in GUD, the syntactic guidelines of GDT are taken as a baseline but they are being edited with an ongoing project whose results will be reported in due time.
GDT is a resource for Modern Greek manually annotated for morphology, syntax and semantics. It is an ongoing project led by researchers at the Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP/Athena Research Centre), with the help of students from the Technoglossia postgraduate program and the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The texts include transcripts of European parliamentary sessions, articles from the Greek Wikipedia, and web documents pertaining the politics, health, and travel domains. The annotation scheme used for the original syntactic layer of the GDT is based on an adaptation of the guidelines for the Prague Dependency Treebank.
GUD is a resource for EL manually annotated for morphology and syntax. It is an ongoing project led by Stella Markantonatou and Vivian Stamou (hereinafter: the GUD team), both researchers at the Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP/Athena Research Centre), with the contribution of students of Language Technology, an MSc program co-organised by the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) and ILSP. The texts include randomly selected extracts of Modern Greek fiction. The annotation scheme used for the morphological annotation of GUD is based on UD.v2.
The GDT team wish to thank ILSP researchers Haris Papageorgiou and Maria Koutsombogera, as well as all student annotators for their contributions to the GDT effort.
The GUD team ows special thanks to Socratis Vakirtzian (NKUA) and to Stavros Bompolas (Archimedes/ATHENA RC). Thanks are also expressed to the 2020-2025 students of the MSc programme Language Technology for their contribution to the annotation of the treebank with morphosyntactic and MWE information.
This work was supported by COST Action CA21167 —Universality, diversity and idiosyncrasy in language technology (UniDive).
- Prokopis Prokopidis and Haris Papageorgiou. Experiments for Dependency Parsing of Greek. In Proceedings of the First Joint Workshop on Statistical Parsing of Morphologically Rich Languages and Syntactic Analysis of Non-Canonical Languages, pages 89 -96, Dublin, Ireland, August 2014.
- Stella Markantonatou, Vivian Stamou, Stavros Bompolas, Katerina Anastasopoulou, Irianna Linardaki Vasileiadi, Konstantinos Diamantopoulos, Yannis Kazos, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. 2025. VMWE identification with models trained on GUD (a UDv.2 treebank of Standard Modern Greek). In Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Multiword Expressions (MWE 2025), pages 14–20, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- 2023-05-15 v2.12
- Initial release in Universal Dependencies.
- 2026-04-29 v2.18
- Updated annotation of fixed expressions in accordance with the most recent UD guidelines.
- Added ExtPos annotation.
=== Machine-readable metadata (DO NOT REMOVE!) ================================ Data available since: UD v2.12 License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Includes text: yes Parallel: no Genre: grammar-examples Lemmas: manual native UPOS: manual native XPOS: not available Features: manual native Relations: manual native Contributors: Markantonatou, Stella; Stamou, Vivian; Vak, Socrates Contributing: here Contact: marks@athenarc.gr ===============================================================================