diff --git a/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/a_primitives_manual.rs b/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/a_primitives_manual.rs
index 5cf8fb2bb3..b26549a0c3 100644
--- a/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/a_primitives_manual.rs
+++ b/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/a_primitives_manual.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Struct1
 // #[ derive( Debug, Default ) ]
 // pub struct Struct1FormerDefinition;
 
-#[ derive( Debug, Default ) ]
+#[ derive( Debug ) ]
 pub struct Struct1FormerDefinition< Context = (), Formed = Struct1, End = former::ReturnPreformed >
 // xxx : use?
 // where
@@ -35,6 +35,22 @@ pub struct Struct1FormerDefinition< Context = (), Formed = Struct1, End = former
   _phantom : core::marker::PhantomData< ( Context, Formed, End ) >,
 }
 
+impl< Context, Formed, End > Default
+for Struct1FormerDefinition< Context, Formed, End >
+// where
+//   Context : Default,
+//   Formed : Default,
+//   End : Default,
+{
+  fn default() -> Self
+  {
+    Struct1FormerDefinition
+    {
+      _phantom : core::marker::PhantomData,
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 impl< Context, Formed > former::FormerDefinitionTypes
 for Struct1FormerDefinition< Context, Formed, former::NoEnd >
 {
@@ -279,4 +295,4 @@ impl Struct1Former
 //
 
 // xxx : uncomment
-// include!( "./only_test/primitives.rs" );
+include!( "./only_test/primitives.rs" );
diff --git a/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/only_test/primitives.rs b/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/only_test/primitives.rs
index b09e881925..9697da9b4a 100644
--- a/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/only_test/primitives.rs
+++ b/module/core/former/tests/inc/former_tests/only_test/primitives.rs
@@ -82,16 +82,22 @@ tests_impls!
   {
 
     // default is implemented for definition
-    let _default = Struct1FormerDefinition::default();
+    let _default = Struct1FormerDefinition::< () >::default();
+    // let _default = Struct1FormerDefinition::default(); // why does not work?
 
-    // definition types exists and has Formed
-    let got = < Struct1FormerDefinition as the_module::FormerDefinitionTypes >::Formed::former().form();
-    let exp = Struct1::former().form();
-    a_id!( got, exp );
+    // impl< Context, Formed, End > Default
+
+    // // definition types exists and has Formed
+    // let got = < Struct1FormerDefinition as the_module::FormerDefinitionTypes >::Formed::former().form();
+    // let exp = Struct1::former().form();
+    // a_id!( got, exp );
+    // xxx : uncomment
+
+    // < Context = (), Formed = Struct1, End = former::ReturnPreformed >
 
     // definition types exists and has Storage
     use former::StoragePerform;
-    let got = < Struct1FormerDefinition as the_module::FormerDefinitionTypes >::Storage::preform( Struct1::former().storage );
+    let got = < Struct1FormerDefinition< (), Struct1, former::NoEnd > as the_module::FormerDefinitionTypes >::Storage::preform( Struct1::former().storage );
     let exp = Struct1::former().form();
     a_id!( got, exp );