From 1cc1b52dfbfe3d27597adcd60a78bf1dafeac98d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 01:25:33 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] :sparkles: feat: transactional

---
 app/core/container.py          |  7 +--
 app/core/database.py           | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 app/core/lifespan.py           |  5 +--
 app/core/middlewares.py        | 16 +++++++
 app/main.py                    |  4 +-
 app/repositories/base.py       | 81 ++++++++++++++++------------------
 app/repositories/users.py      |  8 +---
 app/services/base.py           |  7 +++
 app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py | 12 +++++
 uv.lock                        | 40 ++++++++---------
 10 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/container.py b/app/core/container.py
index fec3010..698c681 100644
--- a/app/core/container.py
+++ b/app/core/container.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer, WiringConfiguration
-from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Singleton
+from dependency_injector.providers import Factory
 
-from app.core.database import Database
 from app.repositories.users import UserRepository
 from app.services.users import UserService
 
@@ -9,8 +8,6 @@
 class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
     wiring_config = WiringConfiguration(modules=["app.api.v1.endpoints.users"])
 
-    database = Singleton(Database)
-
-    user_repository = Factory(UserRepository, session=database.provided.session)
+    user_repository = Factory(UserRepository)
 
     user_service = Factory(UserService, user_repository=user_repository)
diff --git a/app/core/database.py b/app/core/database.py
index 25c0bfa..c51590f 100644
--- a/app/core/database.py
+++ b/app/core/database.py
@@ -1,30 +1,79 @@
-from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-from typing import AsyncIterator
+from contextvars import ContextVar, Token
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional
 
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from loguru import logger
+from sqlalchemy import ClauseElement, Connection, Engine
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+    AsyncSession,
+    async_scoped_session,
+    async_sessionmaker,
+    create_async_engine,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session as SyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm.session import _EntityBindKey
+from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import Delete, Insert, Update
 
 from app.core.configs import configs
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
 
+class Context:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.context: ContextVar[Optional[int]] = ContextVar(
+            "session_context", default=None
+        )
+
+    def get(self) -> int:
+        session_id = self.context.get()
+        if not session_id:
+            raise ValueError("Currently no session is available.")
+        return session_id
+
+    def set(self, session_id: int) -> Token:
+        return self.context.set(session_id)
+
+    def reset(self, context: Token) -> None:
+        self.context.reset(context)
+
+
 class Database:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.context = Context()
         self.engine = create_async_engine(configs.DATABASE_URI, echo=configs.DB_ECHO)
         self.sessionmaker = async_sessionmaker(
-            bind=self.engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False
+            bind=self.engine,
+            class_=AsyncSession,
+            autoflush=False,
+            autocommit=False,
+            expire_on_commit=False,
+        )
+        self.scoped_session = async_scoped_session(
+            session_factory=self.sessionmaker, scopefunc=self.context.get
         )
 
     async def create_all(self) -> None:
+        logger.warning("Create database")
         async with self.engine.begin() as conn:
             await conn.run_sync(BaseModel.metadata.create_all)
 
-    @asynccontextmanager
-    async def session(self) -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
-        async with self.sessionmaker() as session:
+    def transactional(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable]) -> Callable[..., Awaitable]:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             try:
-                yield session
-            except Exception:
-                await session.rollback()
-                raise
-            finally:
-                await session.close()
+                session = self.scoped_session()
+                if session.in_transaction():
+                    logger.trace(
+                        f"[Session in transaction]\tID: {database.context.get()}, {self.context=}"
+                    )
+                    return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                async with session.begin():
+                    response = await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                return response
+            except Exception as error:
+                raise error
+
+        return wrapper
+
+
+database = Database()
diff --git a/app/core/lifespan.py b/app/core/lifespan.py
index ebe3863..b75c979 100644
--- a/app/core/lifespan.py
+++ b/app/core/lifespan.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 from app.core.configs import configs
 from app.core.container import Container
+from app.core.database import database
 from app.utils.logging import remove_handler
 
 
@@ -27,10 +28,8 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     # logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").addHandler(LoguruHandler())
     # logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error").addHandler(LoguruHandler())
 
-    container = Container()
     if configs.DB_TABLE_CREATE:
-        logger.warning("Create database")
-        database = container.database()
         await database.create_all()
+    Container()
 
     yield
diff --git a/app/core/middlewares.py b/app/core/middlewares.py
index fa545ff..f0183b2 100644
--- a/app/core/middlewares.py
+++ b/app/core/middlewares.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from loguru import logger
 from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware, RequestResponseEndpoint
 
+from app.core.database import database
 from app.utils.logging import ANSI_BG_COLOR, ANSI_STYLE, ansi_format
 
 
@@ -57,3 +58,18 @@ async def dispatch(
             f"[IP: {ip}] [URL: {url}] [Method: {method}] [Status: {status} (Elapsed Time: {elapsed_time})]"
         )
         return response
+
+
+class SessionMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    async def dispatch(
+        self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint
+    ) -> Response:
+        try:
+            context = database.context.set(session_id=hash(request))
+            logger.trace(f"[Session Start]\tID: {database.context.get()}, {context=}")
+            response = await call_next(request)
+        finally:
+            await database.scoped_session.remove()
+            logger.trace(f"[Session End]\tID: {database.context.get()}, {context=}")
+            database.context.reset(context=context)
+        return response
diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py
index 44af309..f80fb3d 100644
--- a/app/main.py
+++ b/app/main.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from app.api.v1.routers import routers as v1_routers
 from app.core.configs import configs
 from app.core.lifespan import lifespan
-from app.core.middlewares import LoggingMiddleware
+from app.core.middlewares import LoggingMiddleware, SessionMiddleware
 from app.exceptions.base import CoreException
 from app.exceptions.handlers import business_exception_handler, global_exception_handler
 
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@
 
 for routers in [v1_routers]:
     app.include_router(routers, prefix=configs.PREFIX)
-for middleware in [LoggingMiddleware]:
+for middleware in [SessionMiddleware, LoggingMiddleware]:
     app.add_middleware(middleware)
diff --git a/app/repositories/base.py b/app/repositories/base.py
index 014ce30..f78606d 100644
--- a/app/repositories/base.py
+++ b/app/repositories/base.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from typing import Any, AsyncContextManager, Callable, Generic, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Generic, Type, TypeVar
 
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.future import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
 
+from app.core.database import database
 from app.exceptions.database import EntityNotFound
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
@@ -13,63 +13,56 @@
 class BaseRepository(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        session: Callable[..., AsyncContextManager[AsyncSession]],
         model: Type[T],
     ) -> None:
-        self.session = session
         self.model = model
 
     async def create(self, model: T) -> T:
-        async with self.session() as session:
-            session.add(model)
-            await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(model)
+        session = database.scoped_session()
+        session.add(model)
+        await session.flush()
         return model
 
     async def read_by_id(self, id: int, eager: bool = False) -> T:
-        async with self.session() as session:
-            query = select(self.model)
-            if eager:
-                for _eager in getattr(self.model, "eagers"):
-                    query = query.options(joinedload(getattr(self.model, _eager)))
-            query = query.filter(self.model.id == id)
-            _query = await session.execute(query)
-            result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
-            if not result:
-                raise EntityNotFound
+        query = select(self.model)
+        if eager:
+            for _eager in getattr(self.model, "eagers"):
+                query = query.options(joinedload(getattr(self.model, _eager)))
+        query = query.filter(self.model.id == id)
+        session = database.scoped_session()
+        _query = await session.execute(query)
+        result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if not result:
+            raise EntityNotFound
         return result
 
     async def update_by_id(self, id: int, model: dict) -> T:
-        async with self.session() as session:
-            query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
-            _query = await session.execute(query)
-            result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
-            if not result:
-                raise EntityNotFound
-            for key, value in model.items():
-                setattr(result, key, value)
-            await session.commit()
-            await session.refresh(result)
+        query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
+        session = database.scoped_session()
+        _query = await session.execute(query)
+        result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if not result:
+            raise EntityNotFound
+        for key, value in model.items():
+            setattr(result, key, value)
         return result
 
     async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
-        async with self.session() as session:
-            query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
-            _query = await session.execute(query)
-            result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
-            if not result:
-                raise EntityNotFound
-            setattr(result, column, value)
-            await session.commit()
+        query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
+        session = database.scoped_session()
+        _query = await session.execute(query)
+        result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if not result:
+            raise EntityNotFound
+        setattr(result, column, value)
         return result
 
     async def delete_by_id(self, id: int) -> T:
-        async with self.session() as session:
-            query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
-            _query = await session.execute(query)
-            result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
-            if not result:
-                raise EntityNotFound
-            await session.delete(result)
-            await session.commit()
+        query = select(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id)
+        session = database.scoped_session()
+        _query = await session.execute(query)
+        result = _query.scalar_one_or_none()
+        if not result:
+            raise EntityNotFound
+        await session.delete(result)
         return result
diff --git a/app/repositories/users.py b/app/repositories/users.py
index e7c381f..194bb04 100644
--- a/app/repositories/users.py
+++ b/app/repositories/users.py
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-from typing import AsyncContextManager, Callable
-
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-
 from app.models.users import User
 from app.repositories.base import BaseRepository
 
 
 class UserRepository(BaseRepository[User]):
-    def __init__(self, session: Callable[..., AsyncContextManager[AsyncSession]]):
-        super().__init__(session=session, model=User)
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(model=User)
diff --git a/app/services/base.py b/app/services/base.py
index 272e54a..b6132a0 100644
--- a/app/services/base.py
+++ b/app/services/base.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
 
+from app.core.database import database
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 from app.repositories.base import BaseRepository
 from app.schemas.base import BaseSchemaRequest, BaseSchemaResponse
@@ -22,19 +23,23 @@ def mapper(self, data: BaseSchemaRequest | T) -> T | BaseSchemaResponse:
             return self.repository.model(**data.model_dump())
         return BaseSchemaResponse.model_validate(data)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def create(self, schema: BaseSchemaRequest) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
         model = self.mapper(schema)
         model = await self.repository.create(model=model)
         return self.mapper(model)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def get_by_id(self, id: int) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
         model = await self.repository.read_by_id(id=id)
         return self.mapper(model)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def put_by_id(self, id: int, schema: BaseSchemaRequest) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
         model = await self.repository.update_by_id(id=id, model=schema.model_dump())
         return self.mapper(model)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def patch_by_id(
         self, id: int, schema: BaseSchemaRequest
     ) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
@@ -43,12 +48,14 @@ async def patch_by_id(
         )
         return self.mapper(model)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def patch_attr_by_id(
         self, id: int, attr: str, value: Any
     ) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
         model = await self.repository.update_attr_by_id(id=id, column=attr, value=value)
         return self.mapper(model)
 
+    @database.transactional
     async def delete_by_id(self, id: int) -> BaseSchemaResponse:
         model = await self.repository.delete_by_id(id=id)
         return self.mapper(model)
diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
index dbeae25..127ca15 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 
 
 def test_create_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+    """
+    Post user create-1, create-2
+    """
     for id in range(1, 3):
         name = f"create-{id}"
         response = client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
@@ -18,6 +21,9 @@ def test_create_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.run(after="test_create_user")
 def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+    """
+    Get user create-1, create-2
+    """
     for id in range(1, 3):
         name = f"create-{id}"
         response = client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
@@ -30,6 +36,9 @@ def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.run(after="test_get_user")
 def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+    """
+    Patch user create-1
+    """
     name = "patch"
     time.sleep(1)
     response = client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1", json={"name": name})
@@ -45,6 +54,9 @@ def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.run(after="test_get_user")
 def test_put_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+    """
+    Put user create-1
+    """
     name = "put"
     time.sleep(1)
     response = client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2", json={"name": name})
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index ca9e56a..2dfc78f 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/ee/f53d2f8f24b1f9420f85dec8d573772aa41b5a01211198112d9ce4cbb6df/uv-0.5.22-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:8c57f65b570508fb6a460001f187fffebbc7665e9c642cefbca3719bc48f078f", size = 16657665 },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From 86e79428358f425de72c3d6f5675eb0e1d2870c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 01:26:05 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] :hammer: update: version

---
 envs/test.env                 | 2 +-
 k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/envs/test.env b/envs/test.env
index cbb59d2..a0c503c 100644
--- a/envs/test.env
+++ b/envs/test.env
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 PORT="8000"
 
 PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (test)"
-VERSION="v0.1.0"
+VERSION="v0.1.1"
 PREFIX="/api"
 
 DB_TYPE="sqlite"
diff --git a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
index b17576c..4611528 100644
--- a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
+++ b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ data:
   dev.env: |
     PORT="8000"
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (dev)"
-    VERSION="v0.0.2"
+    VERSION="v0.1.1"
     PREFIX="/api"
     DB_ECHO=true
     DB_TABLE_CREATE=true
   prod.env: |
     PORT="8000"
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (prod)"
-    VERSION="v0.0.2"
+    VERSION="v0.1.1"
     PREFIX=""
     DB_ECHO=false
     DB_TABLE_CREATE=false

From fa9163bf24e907ab0459e94e9071ec3ac4ad35f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 01:27:43 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] :art: style: ruff

---
 app/core/database.py | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/database.py b/app/core/database.py
index c51590f..d3f8711 100644
--- a/app/core/database.py
+++ b/app/core/database.py
@@ -3,16 +3,12 @@
 from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
-from sqlalchemy import ClauseElement, Connection, Engine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
     async_scoped_session,
     async_sessionmaker,
     create_async_engine,
 )
-from sqlalchemy.orm import Session as SyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.orm.session import _EntityBindKey
-from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import Delete, Insert, Update
 
 from app.core.configs import configs
 from app.models.base import BaseModel

From cdc26173488e5578503469e8ac93f8f0c346b2ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 03:25:33 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] :bug: fix: event loop in pytest (related: #19)

---
 app/core/configs.py           |  9 +++++++++
 app/core/database.py          | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 app/core/lifespan.py          |  1 +
 envs/test.env                 |  2 ++
 k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml |  2 ++
 pyproject.toml                |  1 -
 uv.lock                       | 14 --------------
 7 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/configs.py b/app/core/configs.py
index 8b7234d..b09147f 100644
--- a/app/core/configs.py
+++ b/app/core/configs.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
 from pydantic import computed_field
@@ -5,7 +6,15 @@
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
 
 
+class ENVIRONMENT(Enum):
+    TEST = "TEST"
+    DEV = "DEV"
+    PROD = "PROD"
+
+
 class Configs(BaseSettings):
+    ENV: ENVIRONMENT
+
     # --------- APP SETTINGS --------- #
     PROJECT_NAME: str
     DESCRIPTION: str
diff --git a/app/core/database.py b/app/core/database.py
index d3f8711..746091d 100644
--- a/app/core/database.py
+++ b/app/core/database.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from typing import Awaitable, Callable, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
+from sqlalchemy import NullPool
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
     async_scoped_session,
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@
     create_async_engine,
 )
 
-from app.core.configs import configs
+from app.core.configs import ENVIRONMENT, configs
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
 
@@ -36,7 +37,15 @@ def reset(self, context: Token) -> None:
 class Database:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.context = Context()
-        self.engine = create_async_engine(configs.DATABASE_URI, echo=configs.DB_ECHO)
+        async_engine_kwargs = {
+            "url": configs.DATABASE_URI,
+            "echo": configs.DB_ECHO,
+        }
+        if configs.ENV == ENVIRONMENT.TEST and configs.DB_DRIVER != "aiosqlite":
+            # NOTE: PyTest 시 event loop 충돌 발생 (related: #19)
+            logger.warning("Using NullPool for async engine")
+            async_engine_kwargs["poolclass"] = NullPool  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.engine = create_async_engine(**async_engine_kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         self.sessionmaker = async_sessionmaker(
             bind=self.engine,
             class_=AsyncSession,
@@ -45,12 +54,15 @@ def __init__(self) -> None:
             expire_on_commit=False,
         )
         self.scoped_session = async_scoped_session(
-            session_factory=self.sessionmaker, scopefunc=self.context.get
+            session_factory=self.sessionmaker,
+            scopefunc=self.context.get,
         )
 
     async def create_all(self) -> None:
         logger.warning("Create database")
         async with self.engine.begin() as conn:
+            if configs.ENV == ENVIRONMENT.TEST:
+                await conn.run_sync(BaseModel.metadata.drop_all)
             await conn.run_sync(BaseModel.metadata.create_all)
 
     def transactional(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable]) -> Callable[..., Awaitable]:
diff --git a/app/core/lifespan.py b/app/core/lifespan.py
index b75c979..0503bc5 100644
--- a/app/core/lifespan.py
+++ b/app/core/lifespan.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     # logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").addHandler(LoguruHandler())
     # logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error").addHandler(LoguruHandler())
 
+    logger.info(f"{configs.ENV=}")
     if configs.DB_TABLE_CREATE:
         await database.create_all()
     Container()
diff --git a/envs/test.env b/envs/test.env
index a0c503c..714d54a 100644
--- a/envs/test.env
+++ b/envs/test.env
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+ENV="TEST"
+
 PORT="8000"
 
 PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (test)"
diff --git a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
index 4611528..4c8a530 100644
--- a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
+++ b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ metadata:
   name: fastapi-env
 data:
   dev.env: |
+    ENV="DEV"
     PORT="8000"
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (dev)"
     VERSION="v0.1.1"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ data:
     DB_ECHO=true
     DB_TABLE_CREATE=true
   prod.env: |
+    ENV="PROD"
     PORT="8000"
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (prod)"
     VERSION="v0.1.1"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index e9809c5..f0c34d1 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ test = [
     "pytest>=8.3.4",
     "pytest-cov>=6.0.0",
     "pytest-dotenv>=0.5.2",
-    "pytest-ordering>=0.6",
     "aiomysql>=0.2.0",
     "aiosqlite>=0.20.0",
     "cryptography>=44.0.0",
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 2dfc78f..2f04f3f 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -333,7 +333,6 @@ test = [
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-cov" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv" },
-    { name = "pytest-ordering" },
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
@@ -366,7 +365,6 @@ test = [
     { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.3.4" },
     { name = "pytest-cov", specifier = ">=6.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv", specifier = ">=0.5.2" },
-    { name = "pytest-ordering", specifier = ">=0.6" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -751,18 +749,6 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/da/9da67c67b3d0963160e3d2cbc7c38b6fae342670cc8e6d5936644b2cf944/pytest_dotenv-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:40a2cece120a213898afaa5407673f6bd924b1fa7eafce6bda0e8abffe2f710f", size = 3993 },
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "pytest-ordering"
-version = "0.6"
-source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-dependencies = [
-    { name = "pytest" },
-]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/ba/65091c36e6e18da479d22d860586e3ba3a4237cc92a66e3ddd945e4fe761/pytest-ordering-0.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:561ad653626bb171da78e682f6d39ac33bb13b3e272d406cd555adb6b006bda6", size = 2629 }
-wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/98/adc368fe369465f291ab24e18b9900473786ed1afdf861ba90467eb0767e/pytest_ordering-0.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3f314a178dbeb6777509548727dc69edf22d6d9a2867bf2d310ab85c403380b6", size = 4643 },
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "python-dotenv"
 version = "1.0.1"

From d3b9901ce6ca197f35d62dae80b3e62f921e8736 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 03:25:53 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] :fire: remove: pytest decorator

---
 app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
index 127ca15..aaf8654 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import time
 
-import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from loguru import logger
 from starlette import status
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@ def test_create_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
 
 
-@pytest.mark.run(after="test_create_user")
 def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
     Get user create-1, create-2
@@ -34,7 +32,6 @@ def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
         assert data["name"] == name
 
 
-@pytest.mark.run(after="test_get_user")
 def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
     Patch user create-1
@@ -52,7 +49,6 @@ def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
     assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
 
 
-@pytest.mark.run(after="test_get_user")
 def test_put_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
     Put user create-1

From 0893e6dfb343620922d0f9aa458e992f11a11497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 03:26:01 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] :memo: docs: README.md

---
 README.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 39ee174..98f7a37 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -34,4 +34,6 @@
 </h4>
 
 - [fastapi/full-stack-fastapi-template/backend](https://github.com/fastapi/full-stack-fastapi-template/tree/master/backend)
+- [teamhide/fastapi-boilerplate](https://github.com/teamhide/fastapi-boilerplate)
 - [jujumilk3/fastapi-clean-architecture](https://github.com/jujumilk3/fastapi-clean-architecture)
+- [UponTheSky/How to implement a transactional decorator in FastAPI + SQLAlchemy - with reviewing other approaches](https://dev.to/uponthesky/python-post-reviewhow-to-implement-a-transactional-decorator-in-fastapi-sqlalchemy-ein)

From 4c691b885cfeb777b7902ee353b8deb05223641e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 2025 03:38:50 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] :ship: test: mysql database session

---
 app/repositories/base.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/app/repositories/base.py b/app/repositories/base.py
index f78606d..a1fba8a 100644
--- a/app/repositories/base.py
+++ b/app/repositories/base.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ async def create(self, model: T) -> T:
         session = database.scoped_session()
         session.add(model)
         await session.flush()
+        await session.refresh(model)
         return model
 
     async def read_by_id(self, id: int, eager: bool = False) -> T:

From 7da30791826ab49cf0ee8ac3aa7432349e49ea49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:02:05 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] :fire: feat: async test for service layer

---
 Makefile                         |  2 +-
 app/core/lifespan.py             |  2 +-
 app/tests/api/v1/test_shields.py |  4 +--
 app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py   | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 app/tests/conftest.py            | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 app/tests/services/__init__.py   |  0
 app/tests/services/test_users.py | 16 ++++++++++
 pyproject.toml                   |  4 +--
 uv.lock                          | 28 ++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 app/tests/services/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 app/tests/services/test_users.py

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index b86b32d..4ea3caa 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ lint:
 test:
 	uv sync --group test
 	export DESCRIPTION=$$(cat README.md) && \
-		uv run pytest \
+		uv run pytest -vv \
 		--cov=app --cov-branch --cov-report=xml \
 		--junitxml=junit.xml -o junit_family=legacy
 
diff --git a/app/core/lifespan.py b/app/core/lifespan.py
index 0503bc5..c5635bc 100644
--- a/app/core/lifespan.py
+++ b/app/core/lifespan.py
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     logger.info(f"{configs.ENV=}")
     if configs.DB_TABLE_CREATE:
         await database.create_all()
-    Container()
+    app.container = Container()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
     yield
diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_shields.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_shields.py
index 0a641d5..5188a87 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_shields.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_shields.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from app.core.configs import configs
 
 
-def test_jmy(client: TestClient) -> None:
-    response = client.get(
+def test_jmy(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
+    response = sync_client.get(
         f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/shields/jmy",
     )
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
index aaf8654..603a3c9 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import time
 
+import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from loguru import logger
 from starlette import status
@@ -7,24 +8,26 @@
 from app.core.configs import configs
 
 
-def test_create_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
+def test_create_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
-    Post user create-1, create-2
+    Post user route-create-1, route-create-2
     """
     for id in range(1, 3):
-        name = f"create-{id}"
-        response = client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
+        name = f"route-create-{id}"
+        response = sync_client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
         logger.warning(response)
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
 
 
-def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.run(order=2)
+def test_get_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
     Get user create-1, create-2
     """
     for id in range(1, 3):
-        name = f"create-{id}"
-        response = client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
+        name = f"route-create-{id}"
+        response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
         logger.warning(response)
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
         data = response.json()["data"]
@@ -32,16 +35,17 @@ def test_get_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
         assert data["name"] == name
 
 
-def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.run(order=3)
+def test_patch_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
-    Patch user create-1
+    Patch user route-create-1 to route-patch
     """
-    name = "patch"
+    name = "route-patch"
     time.sleep(1)
-    response = client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1", json={"name": name})
+    response = sync_client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1", json={"name": name})
     logger.warning(response)
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    response = client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1")
+    response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1")
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
     data = response.json()["data"]
     logger.warning(data)
@@ -49,18 +53,30 @@ def test_patch_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
     assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
 
 
-def test_put_user(client: TestClient) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.run(order=3)
+def test_put_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
     """
-    Put user create-1
+    Put user route-create-2 to route-put
     """
-    name = "put"
+    name = "route-put"
     time.sleep(1)
-    response = client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2", json={"name": name})
+    response = sync_client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2", json={"name": name})
     logger.warning(response)
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    response = client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2")
+    response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2")
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
     data = response.json()["data"]
     logger.warning(data)
     assert data["name"] == name
     assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.run(order=4)
+def test_delete_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
+    """
+    Delete user route-patch, route-put
+    """
+    for id in range(1, 3):
+        response = sync_client.delete(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
diff --git a/app/tests/conftest.py b/app/tests/conftest.py
index e4c58e4..3ba7d6a 100644
--- a/app/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/app/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,12 +1,40 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextvars import Token
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
 
 import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
+from app.core.container import Container
+from app.core.database import database
 from app.main import app
 
 
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="function")
+async def context() -> AsyncGenerator[Token, None]:
+    _context = database.context.set(session_id=hash(123))
+    yield _context
+    database.context.reset(context=_context)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def container() -> Generator[Container, None, None]:
+    _container = Container()
+    _container.wire()
+    yield _container
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def client() -> Generator[TestClient, None, None]:
-    with TestClient(app) as cli:
-        yield cli
+def sync_client() -> Generator[TestClient, None, None]:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        yield client
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="session", loop_scope="session")
+async def async_client() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as client:
+        yield client
diff --git a/app/tests/services/__init__.py b/app/tests/services/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/app/tests/services/test_users.py b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1079aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from contextvars import Token
+
+import pytest
+from loguru import logger
+
+from app.core.container import Container
+from app.schemas.users import UserCreateRequest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
+async def test_create_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
+    logger.warning(f"{context=}")
+    name = "service-layer-user"
+    user_service = container.user_service()
+    user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=name))
+    assert user.name == name
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index f0c34d1..63cad8b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ test = [
     "aiomysql>=0.2.0",
     "aiosqlite>=0.20.0",
     "cryptography>=44.0.0",
-    # NOTE: Sync Drivers
-    # "mysqlclient>=2.2.7",
+    "pytest-asyncio>=0.25.2",
+    "pytest-ordering>=0.6",
 ]
 
 [tool.mypy]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 2f04f3f..691b053 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -331,8 +331,10 @@ test = [
     { name = "aiosqlite" },
     { name = "cryptography" },
     { name = "pytest" },
+    { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-cov" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv" },
+    { name = "pytest-ordering" },
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
@@ -363,8 +365,10 @@ test = [
     { name = "aiosqlite", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
     { name = "cryptography", specifier = ">=44.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.3.4" },
+    { name = "pytest-asyncio", specifier = ">=0.25.2" },
     { name = "pytest-cov", specifier = ">=6.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv", specifier = ">=0.5.2" },
+    { name = "pytest-ordering", specifier = ">=0.6" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -723,6 +727,18 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/92/76a1c94d3afee238333bc0a42b82935dd8f9cf8ce9e336ff87ee14d9e1cf/pytest-8.3.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:50e16d954148559c9a74109af1eaf0c945ba2d8f30f0a3d3335edde19788b6f6", size = 343083 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytest-asyncio"
+version = "0.25.2"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "pytest" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/df/adcc0d60f1053d74717d21d58c0048479e9cab51464ce0d2965b086bd0e2/pytest_asyncio-0.25.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3f8ef9a98f45948ea91a0ed3dc4268b5326c0e7bce73892acc654df4262ad45f", size = 53950 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/61/d8/defa05ae50dcd6019a95527200d3b3980043df5aa445d40cb0ef9f7f98ab/pytest_asyncio-0.25.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0d0bb693f7b99da304a0634afc0a4b19e49d5e0de2d670f38dc4bfa5727c5075", size = 19400 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-cov"
 version = "6.0.0"
@@ -749,6 +765,18 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/da/9da67c67b3d0963160e3d2cbc7c38b6fae342670cc8e6d5936644b2cf944/pytest_dotenv-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:40a2cece120a213898afaa5407673f6bd924b1fa7eafce6bda0e8abffe2f710f", size = 3993 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytest-ordering"
+version = "0.6"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "pytest" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/ba/65091c36e6e18da479d22d860586e3ba3a4237cc92a66e3ddd945e4fe761/pytest-ordering-0.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:561ad653626bb171da78e682f6d39ac33bb13b3e272d406cd555adb6b006bda6", size = 2629 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/98/adc368fe369465f291ab24e18b9900473786ed1afdf861ba90467eb0767e/pytest_ordering-0.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3f314a178dbeb6777509548727dc69edf22d6d9a2867bf2d310ab85c403380b6", size = 4643 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "python-dotenv"
 version = "1.0.1"

From da8567e87d89edeca89ee9a570439536389d045f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:11:40 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] :hammer: modify: logger level depends on environment

---
 app/core/lifespan.py | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/lifespan.py b/app/core/lifespan.py
index c5635bc..b1091cf 100644
--- a/app/core/lifespan.py
+++ b/app/core/lifespan.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from loguru import logger
 
-from app.core.configs import configs
+from app.core.configs import ENVIRONMENT, configs
 from app.core.container import Container
 from app.core.database import database
 from app.utils.logging import remove_handler
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     remove_handler(logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access"))
     remove_handler(logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error"))
     logger.remove()
+    level = 0
+    if configs.ENV == ENVIRONMENT.PROD:
+        level = 20
     logger.add(
         sys.stderr,
-        level=0,
+        level=level,
         format="<green>{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss.SSS}</green> <bg #800a0a>"
         + time.tzname[0]
         + "</bg #800a0a> | <level>{level: <8}</level> | <fg #800a0a>{name}</fg #800a0a>:<fg #800a0a>{function}</fg #800a0a>:<fg #800a0a>{line}</fg #800a0a> - <level>{message}</level>",

From 19bf2525f78fcea5657b70843945b4d419384e9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:16:48 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] :recycle: refactor: core exception

---
 app/exceptions/database.py | 7 ++++++-
 app/exceptions/handlers.py | 4 +---
 app/main.py                | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/exceptions/database.py b/app/exceptions/database.py
index e70f94f..33d1be6 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/database.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/database.py
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
 from app.exceptions.base import CoreException
 
 
-class EntityNotFound(CoreException):
+class DatabaseException(CoreException):
+    status: int
+    message: str
+
+
+class EntityNotFound(DatabaseException):
     status: int = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     message: str = "Entity not found in the database."
diff --git a/app/exceptions/handlers.py b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
index 301c2d9..e4d9eed 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/handlers.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ async def global_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResp
     )
 
 
-async def business_exception_handler(
-    request: Request, exc: CoreException
-) -> JSONResponse:
+async def core_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: CoreException) -> JSONResponse:
     logger.error(f"{request=}, {exc=}")
     name = exc.__class__.__name__
     return JSONResponse(
diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py
index f80fb3d..89d850c 100644
--- a/app/main.py
+++ b/app/main.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from app.core.lifespan import lifespan
 from app.core.middlewares import LoggingMiddleware, SessionMiddleware
 from app.exceptions.base import CoreException
-from app.exceptions.handlers import business_exception_handler, global_exception_handler
+from app.exceptions.handlers import core_exception_handler, global_exception_handler
 
 app = FastAPI(
     title=configs.PROJECT_NAME,
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     redoc_url=f"{configs.PREFIX}/redoc",
     exception_handlers={
         Exception: global_exception_handler,
-        CoreException: business_exception_handler,
+        CoreException: core_exception_handler,
     },
     lifespan=lifespan,
 )

From 41e872b5270f7592005c734ac8e94347ff82c483 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:31:16 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] :sparkles: feat: entity already exist

---
 app/core/database.py       |  2 ++
 app/exceptions/database.py |  5 +++++
 app/repositories/base.py   | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/database.py b/app/core/database.py
index 746091d..ba3b600 100644
--- a/app/core/database.py
+++ b/app/core/database.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 from loguru import logger
 from sqlalchemy import NullPool
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
     async_scoped_session,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 )
 
 from app.core.configs import ENVIRONMENT, configs
+from app.exceptions.database import EntityAlreadyExists
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
 
diff --git a/app/exceptions/database.py b/app/exceptions/database.py
index 33d1be6..fa7de9e 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/database.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/database.py
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ class DatabaseException(CoreException):
     message: str
 
 
+class EntityAlreadyExists(DatabaseException):
+    status: int = status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT
+    message: str = "Entity already exists in the database."
+
+
 class EntityNotFound(DatabaseException):
     status: int = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     message: str = "Entity not found in the database."
diff --git a/app/repositories/base.py b/app/repositories/base.py
index a1fba8a..1534a42 100644
--- a/app/repositories/base.py
+++ b/app/repositories/base.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 from typing import Any, Generic, Type, TypeVar
 
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.future import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload
 
 from app.core.database import database
-from app.exceptions.database import EntityNotFound
+from app.exceptions.database import EntityAlreadyExists, EntityNotFound
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=BaseModel)
@@ -20,7 +21,10 @@ def __init__(
     async def create(self, model: T) -> T:
         session = database.scoped_session()
         session.add(model)
-        await session.flush()
+        try:
+            await session.flush()
+        except IntegrityError:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists
         await session.refresh(model)
         return model
 
@@ -46,6 +50,10 @@ async def update_by_id(self, id: int, model: dict) -> T:
             raise EntityNotFound
         for key, value in model.items():
             setattr(result, key, value)
+        try:
+            await session.flush()
+        except IntegrityError:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists
         return result
 
     async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
@@ -56,6 +64,10 @@ async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
         if not result:
             raise EntityNotFound
         setattr(result, column, value)
+        try:
+            await session.flush()
+        except IntegrityError:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists
         return result
 
     async def delete_by_id(self, id: int) -> T:

From b710fc0df3c3575b5a58a5bf5e243c9196e93a87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:36:09 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] :bug: fix: session refresh

---
 app/repositories/base.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/app/repositories/base.py b/app/repositories/base.py
index 1534a42..95d6897 100644
--- a/app/repositories/base.py
+++ b/app/repositories/base.py
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ async def update_by_id(self, id: int, model: dict) -> T:
             await session.flush()
         except IntegrityError:
             raise EntityAlreadyExists
+        await session.refresh(result)
         return result
 
     async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
             await session.flush()
         except IntegrityError:
             raise EntityAlreadyExists
+        await session.refresh(result)
         return result
 
     async def delete_by_id(self, id: int) -> T:

From ff7aced832c6a977d2becfa9868559a97f1c58f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 02:41:13 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] :recycle: refactor: core exception

---
 app/exceptions/base.py     | 8 ++++++++
 app/exceptions/handlers.py | 9 ++++-----
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/exceptions/base.py b/app/exceptions/base.py
index b21c8d3..2fce833 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/base.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/base.py
@@ -4,3 +4,11 @@
 class CoreException(abc.ABC, Exception):
     status: int
     message: str
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"[{self.__class__.__name__}] status={self.status}, message={self.message}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"[{self.__class__.__name__}] {self.message}"
diff --git a/app/exceptions/handlers.py b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
index e4d9eed..e09467b 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/handlers.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
@@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ async def global_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResp
 
 
 async def core_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: CoreException) -> JSONResponse:
-    logger.error(f"{request=}, {exc=}")
-    name = exc.__class__.__name__
+    logger.error(exc)
     return JSONResponse(
-        content=APIResponse.error(
-            status=exc.status, message=f"[{name}] {exc.message}"
-        ).model_dump(mode="json"),
+        content=APIResponse.error(status=exc.status, message=repr(exc)).model_dump(
+            mode="json"
+        ),
         status_code=exc.status,
     )

From ec6fa3e3f5ae20ee7e3fc03e9bc474e5fc1cdd96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 03:16:28 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] :fire: remove: pytest ordering

---
 pyproject.toml |  1 -
 uv.lock        | 14 --------------
 2 files changed, 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 63cad8b..703b40f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ test = [
     "aiosqlite>=0.20.0",
     "cryptography>=44.0.0",
     "pytest-asyncio>=0.25.2",
-    "pytest-ordering>=0.6",
 ]
 
 [tool.mypy]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 691b053..7eefcef 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -334,7 +334,6 @@ test = [
     { name = "pytest-asyncio" },
     { name = "pytest-cov" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv" },
-    { name = "pytest-ordering" },
 ]
 
 [package.metadata]
@@ -368,7 +367,6 @@ test = [
     { name = "pytest-asyncio", specifier = ">=0.25.2" },
     { name = "pytest-cov", specifier = ">=6.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-dotenv", specifier = ">=0.5.2" },
-    { name = "pytest-ordering", specifier = ">=0.6" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -765,18 +763,6 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/da/9da67c67b3d0963160e3d2cbc7c38b6fae342670cc8e6d5936644b2cf944/pytest_dotenv-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:40a2cece120a213898afaa5407673f6bd924b1fa7eafce6bda0e8abffe2f710f", size = 3993 },
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "pytest-ordering"
-version = "0.6"
-source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-dependencies = [
-    { name = "pytest" },
-]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/ba/65091c36e6e18da479d22d860586e3ba3a4237cc92a66e3ddd945e4fe761/pytest-ordering-0.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:561ad653626bb171da78e682f6d39ac33bb13b3e272d406cd555adb6b006bda6", size = 2629 }
-wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/98/adc368fe369465f291ab24e18b9900473786ed1afdf861ba90467eb0767e/pytest_ordering-0.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3f314a178dbeb6777509548727dc69edf22d6d9a2867bf2d310ab85c403380b6", size = 4643 },
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "python-dotenv"
 version = "1.0.1"

From 1820af4deb41009312149ffac7e69d3ac9171280 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 03:17:08 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] :ship: test: crud routers

---
 app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py | 163 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 81 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
index 603a3c9..e594dd2 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
@@ -1,82 +1,81 @@
-import time
-
-import pytest
-from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-from loguru import logger
-from starlette import status
-
-from app.core.configs import configs
-
-
-@pytest.mark.run(order=1)
-def test_create_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-    """
-    Post user route-create-1, route-create-2
-    """
-    for id in range(1, 3):
-        name = f"route-create-{id}"
-        response = sync_client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
-        logger.warning(response)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
-
-
-@pytest.mark.run(order=2)
-def test_get_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-    """
-    Get user create-1, create-2
-    """
-    for id in range(1, 3):
-        name = f"route-create-{id}"
-        response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
-        logger.warning(response)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-        data = response.json()["data"]
-        logger.warning(data)
-        assert data["name"] == name
-
-
-@pytest.mark.run(order=3)
-def test_patch_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-    """
-    Patch user route-create-1 to route-patch
-    """
-    name = "route-patch"
-    time.sleep(1)
-    response = sync_client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1", json={"name": name})
-    logger.warning(response)
-    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/1")
-    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    data = response.json()["data"]
-    logger.warning(data)
-    assert data["name"] == name
-    assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.run(order=3)
-def test_put_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-    """
-    Put user route-create-2 to route-put
-    """
-    name = "route-put"
-    time.sleep(1)
-    response = sync_client.patch(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2", json={"name": name})
-    logger.warning(response)
-    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/2")
-    assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-    data = response.json()["data"]
-    logger.warning(data)
-    assert data["name"] == name
-    assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.run(order=4)
-def test_delete_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-    """
-    Delete user route-patch, route-put
-    """
-    for id in range(1, 3):
-        response = sync_client.delete(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{id}")
-        logger.warning(response)
-        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+# import time
+#
+# import pytest
+# from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+# from httpx import put
+# from loguru import logger
+# from starlette import status
+#
+# from app.core.configs import configs
+#
+#
+# def test_crud_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
+#     ids = create_user(sync_client)
+#     get_user(sync_client, ids)
+#     patch_user(sync_client, ids)
+#     put_user(sync_client, ids)
+#     delete_user(sync_client, ids)
+#
+#
+# def create_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> list[tuple[int]]:
+#     ids = []
+#     for id in range(30):
+#         name = f"routes-create-{id}"
+#         response = sync_client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
+#         logger.warning(response)
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+#         data = response.json()["data"]
+#         ids.append((data["id"], id))
+#     return ids
+#
+#
+# def get_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
+#     for pk, id in ids:
+#         name = f"routes-create-{id}"
+#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+#         logger.warning(response)
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+#         data = response.json()["data"]
+#         logger.warning(data)
+#         assert data["name"] == name
+#
+#
+# def patch_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
+#     for pk, id in ids[:5]:
+#         name = f"routes-patch-{id}"
+#         time.sleep(1)
+#         response = sync_client.patch(
+#             f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
+#         )
+#         logger.warning(response)
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+#         data = response.json()["data"]
+#         logger.warning(data)
+#         assert data["name"] == name
+#         assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
+#
+#
+# def put_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
+#     for pk, id in ids[:5]:
+#         name = f"routes-put-{id}"
+#         time.sleep(1)
+#         response = sync_client.put(
+#             f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
+#         )
+#         logger.warning(response)
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+#         data = response.json()["data"]
+#         logger.warning(data)
+#         assert data["name"] == name
+#         assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
+#
+#
+# def delete_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
+#     for pk, _ in ids:
+#         response = sync_client.delete(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+#         logger.warning(response)
+#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK

From 2a367bf67c6abd7b20545c5ccdc60d02d7eaaaac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 03:18:34 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] :ship: test: crud services

---
 app/tests/services/test_users.py | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/tests/services/test_users.py b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
index 1079aac..01a066c 100644
--- a/app/tests/services/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 import pytest
 from loguru import logger
+from sqlalchemy import schema
 
 from app.core.container import Container
+from app.exceptions.database import EntityAlreadyExists, EntityNotFound
 from app.schemas.users import UserCreateRequest
 
 
@@ -12,5 +14,78 @@ async def test_create_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
     logger.warning(f"{context=}")
     name = "service-layer-user"
     user_service = container.user_service()
-    user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=name))
-    assert user.name == name
+    for id in range(10):
+        _name = f"{name}-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name))
+        assert user.name == _name
+    with pytest.raises(EntityAlreadyExists):
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
+async def test_get_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
+    logger.warning(f"{context=}")
+    name = "service-layer-user"
+    user_service = container.user_service()
+    for id in range(10, 20):
+        _name = f"{name}-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name))
+        user = await user_service.get_by_id(id=user.id)
+        assert user.name == _name
+    with pytest.raises(EntityNotFound):
+        user = await user_service.get_by_id(id=99999)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
+async def test_put_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
+    logger.warning(f"{context=}")
+    name = "service-layer-user"
+    user_service = container.user_service()
+    for id in range(20, 30):
+        _name = f"{name}-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name))
+        _name = f"{name}-put-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.put_by_id(
+            id=user.id, schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name)
+        )
+        assert user.name == _name
+    with pytest.raises(EntityNotFound):
+        user = await user_service.put_by_id(
+            id=99999, schema=UserCreateRequest(name=name)
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
+async def test_patch_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
+    logger.warning(f"{context=}")
+    name = "service-layer-user"
+    user_service = container.user_service()
+    for id in range(30, 40):
+        _name = f"{name}-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name))
+        _name = f"{name}-patch-{id}"
+        user = await user_service.patch_by_id(
+            id=user.id, schema=UserCreateRequest(name=_name)
+        )
+        assert user.name == _name
+        _name = f"{name}-patch-{id}-2"
+        user = await user_service.patch_attr_by_id(id=user.id, attr="name", value=_name)
+        assert user.name == _name
+    with pytest.raises(EntityNotFound):
+        user = await user_service.patch_by_id(
+            id=99999, schema=UserCreateRequest(name=name)
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(EntityNotFound):
+        user = await user_service.patch_attr_by_id(id=99999, attr="name", value=name)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="function")
+async def test_delete_user(container: Container, context: Token) -> None:
+    logger.warning(f"{context=}")
+    name = "service-layer-user"
+    user_service = container.user_service()
+    for _ in range(0, 10):
+        user = await user_service.create(schema=UserCreateRequest(name=name))
+        user = await user_service.delete_by_id(id=user.id)
+    with pytest.raises(EntityNotFound):
+        user = await user_service.delete_by_id(id=99999)

From c549e8225b03d3ad98ded672474202788d95b4f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 03:37:21 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] :hammer: fix: timestamp in schemas

---
 app/core/configs.py           |  1 +
 app/schemas/base.py           | 12 +++++++++++-
 app/schemas/responses.py      | 11 +++++++++--
 envs/test.env                 |  1 +
 k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml |  2 ++
 pyproject.toml                |  1 +
 uv.lock                       | 11 +++++++++++
 7 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/configs.py b/app/core/configs.py
index b09147f..f202fc1 100644
--- a/app/core/configs.py
+++ b/app/core/configs.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class Configs(BaseSettings):
     DESCRIPTION: str
     VERSION: str
     PREFIX: str
+    TZ: Optional[str] = "Asia/Seoul"
 
     # --------- DATABASE SETTINGS --------- #
     DB_TYPE: str
diff --git a/app/schemas/base.py b/app/schemas/base.py
index d5f0ddd..37b6234 100644
--- a/app/schemas/base.py
+++ b/app/schemas/base.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import abc
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+import pytz
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, model_validator
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from app.core.configs import configs
 
 
 class BaseSchemaRequest(BaseModel, abc.ABC):
@@ -13,3 +17,9 @@ class BaseSchemaResponse(BaseModel, abc.ABC):
     id: int
     created_at: datetime
     updated_at: datetime
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def set_timezone(self) -> Self:
+        self.created_at = self.created_at.astimezone(pytz.timezone(configs.TZ))
+        self.updated_at = self.updated_at.astimezone(pytz.timezone(configs.TZ))
+        return self
diff --git a/app/schemas/responses.py b/app/schemas/responses.py
index 2b28f4d..aa90864 100644
--- a/app/schemas/responses.py
+++ b/app/schemas/responses.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Generic, Optional, TypeVar
 
+import pytz
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
+from app.core.configs import configs
 from app.schemas.base import BaseSchemaResponse
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=BaseSchemaResponse)
@@ -39,12 +41,17 @@ def success(cls, *, status: int, data: T) -> "APIResponse[T]":
             status=status,
             message="The request has been successfully processed.",
             data=data,
-            timestamp=datetime.now(),
+            timestamp=datetime.now().astimezone(pytz.timezone(configs.TZ)),
         )
 
     @classmethod
     def error(cls, *, status: int, message: str) -> "APIResponse[T]":
-        return cls(status=status, message=message, data=None, timestamp=datetime.now())
+        return cls(
+            status=status,
+            message=message,
+            data=None,
+            timestamp=datetime.now().astimezone(pytz.timezone(configs.TZ)),
+        )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/envs/test.env b/envs/test.env
index 714d54a..52af4f6 100644
--- a/envs/test.env
+++ b/envs/test.env
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ PORT="8000"
 PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (test)"
 VERSION="v0.1.1"
 PREFIX="/api"
+TZ="Asia/Seoul"
 
 DB_TYPE="sqlite"
 DB_DRIVER="aiosqlite"
diff --git a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
index 4c8a530..bda30cb 100644
--- a/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
+++ b/k8s/postgresql/configmap.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ data:
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (dev)"
     VERSION="v0.1.1"
     PREFIX="/api"
+    TZ="Asia/Seoul"
     DB_ECHO=true
     DB_TABLE_CREATE=true
   prod.env: |
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ data:
     PROJECT_NAME="Zerohertz's FastAPI Cookbook (prod)"
     VERSION="v0.1.1"
     PREFIX=""
+    TZ="Asia/Seoul"
     DB_ECHO=false
     DB_TABLE_CREATE=false
 ---
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 703b40f..f6a39e1 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "httpx>=0.28.1",
     "loguru>=0.7.3",
     "pydantic-settings>=2.7.1",
+    "pytz>=2024.2",
     "sqlalchemy>=2.0.37",
     "uv>=0.5.21",
     "uvicorn>=0.34.0",
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 7eefcef..8abd688 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "loguru" },
     { name = "pydantic-settings" },
+    { name = "pytz" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy" },
     { name = "uv" },
     { name = "uvicorn" },
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.28.1" },
     { name = "loguru", specifier = ">=0.7.3" },
     { name = "pydantic-settings", specifier = ">=2.7.1" },
+    { name = "pytz", specifier = ">=2024.2" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", specifier = ">=2.0.37" },
     { name = "uv", specifier = ">=0.5.21" },
     { name = "uvicorn", specifier = ">=0.34.0" },
@@ -772,6 +774,15 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6a/3e/b68c118422ec867fa7ab88444e1274aa40681c606d59ac27de5a5588f082/python_dotenv-1.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f7b63ef50f1b690dddf550d03497b66d609393b40b564ed0d674909a68ebf16a", size = 19863 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytz"
+version = "2024.2"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/31/3c70bf7603cc2dca0f19bdc53b4537a797747a58875b552c8c413d963a3f/pytz-2024.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2aa355083c50a0f93fa581709deac0c9ad65cca8a9e9beac660adcbd493c798a", size = 319692 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/c3/005fcca25ce078d2cc29fd559379817424e94885510568bc1bc53d7d5846/pytz-2024.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:31c7c1817eb7fae7ca4b8c7ee50c72f93aa2dd863de768e1ef4245d426aa0725", size = 508002 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
 version = "0.9.2"

From 88acb563e1edfaf5fa5d661dfa70d478b870b4a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zerohertz <ohg3417@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2025 03:46:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] :art: style: lint

---
 app/core/configs.py              |   2 +-
 app/core/database.py             |   2 -
 app/exceptions/handlers.py       |   4 +-
 app/repositories/base.py         |  12 +--
 app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py   | 161 +++++++++++++++----------------
 app/tests/services/test_users.py |   1 -
 pyproject.toml                   |   1 +
 uv.lock                          |  11 +++
 8 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 92 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/core/configs.py b/app/core/configs.py
index f202fc1..30234ac 100644
--- a/app/core/configs.py
+++ b/app/core/configs.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class Configs(BaseSettings):
     DESCRIPTION: str
     VERSION: str
     PREFIX: str
-    TZ: Optional[str] = "Asia/Seoul"
+    TZ: str = "Asia/Seoul"
 
     # --------- DATABASE SETTINGS --------- #
     DB_TYPE: str
diff --git a/app/core/database.py b/app/core/database.py
index ba3b600..746091d 100644
--- a/app/core/database.py
+++ b/app/core/database.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 from loguru import logger
 from sqlalchemy import NullPool
-from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
     async_scoped_session,
@@ -13,7 +12,6 @@
 )
 
 from app.core.configs import ENVIRONMENT, configs
-from app.exceptions.database import EntityAlreadyExists
 from app.models.base import BaseModel
 
 
diff --git a/app/exceptions/handlers.py b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
index e09467b..c0eeacb 100644
--- a/app/exceptions/handlers.py
+++ b/app/exceptions/handlers.py
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ async def global_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResp
     )
 
 
-async def core_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: CoreException) -> JSONResponse:
+async def core_exception_handler(
+    request: Request, exc: CoreException  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+) -> JSONResponse:
     logger.error(exc)
     return JSONResponse(
         content=APIResponse.error(status=exc.status, message=repr(exc)).model_dump(
diff --git a/app/repositories/base.py b/app/repositories/base.py
index 95d6897..0f94268 100644
--- a/app/repositories/base.py
+++ b/app/repositories/base.py
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ async def create(self, model: T) -> T:
         session.add(model)
         try:
             await session.flush()
-        except IntegrityError:
-            raise EntityAlreadyExists
+        except IntegrityError as error:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists from error
         await session.refresh(model)
         return model
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ async def update_by_id(self, id: int, model: dict) -> T:
             setattr(result, key, value)
         try:
             await session.flush()
-        except IntegrityError:
-            raise EntityAlreadyExists
+        except IntegrityError as error:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists from error
         await session.refresh(result)
         return result
 
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ async def update_attr_by_id(self, id: int, column: str, value: Any) -> T:
         setattr(result, column, value)
         try:
             await session.flush()
-        except IntegrityError:
-            raise EntityAlreadyExists
+        except IntegrityError as error:
+            raise EntityAlreadyExists from error
         await session.refresh(result)
         return result
 
diff --git a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
index e594dd2..75be143 100644
--- a/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/api/v1/test_users.py
@@ -1,81 +1,80 @@
-# import time
-#
-# import pytest
-# from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
-# from httpx import put
-# from loguru import logger
-# from starlette import status
-#
-# from app.core.configs import configs
-#
-#
-# def test_crud_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
-#     ids = create_user(sync_client)
-#     get_user(sync_client, ids)
-#     patch_user(sync_client, ids)
-#     put_user(sync_client, ids)
-#     delete_user(sync_client, ids)
-#
-#
-# def create_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> list[tuple[int]]:
-#     ids = []
-#     for id in range(30):
-#         name = f"routes-create-{id}"
-#         response = sync_client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
-#         logger.warning(response)
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
-#         data = response.json()["data"]
-#         ids.append((data["id"], id))
-#     return ids
-#
-#
-# def get_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
-#     for pk, id in ids:
-#         name = f"routes-create-{id}"
-#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
-#         logger.warning(response)
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-#         data = response.json()["data"]
-#         logger.warning(data)
-#         assert data["name"] == name
-#
-#
-# def patch_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
-#     for pk, id in ids[:5]:
-#         name = f"routes-patch-{id}"
-#         time.sleep(1)
-#         response = sync_client.patch(
-#             f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
-#         )
-#         logger.warning(response)
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-#         data = response.json()["data"]
-#         logger.warning(data)
-#         assert data["name"] == name
-#         assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
-#
-#
-# def put_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
-#     for pk, id in ids[:5]:
-#         name = f"routes-put-{id}"
-#         time.sleep(1)
-#         response = sync_client.put(
-#             f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
-#         )
-#         logger.warning(response)
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-#         response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
-#         data = response.json()["data"]
-#         logger.warning(data)
-#         assert data["name"] == name
-#         assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
-#
-#
-# def delete_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[int]]) -> None:
-#     for pk, _ in ids:
-#         response = sync_client.delete(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
-#         logger.warning(response)
-#         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from loguru import logger
+from starlette import status
+
+from app.core.configs import configs
+
+
+def test_crud_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> None:
+    ids = create_user(sync_client)
+    get_user(sync_client, ids)
+    patch_user(sync_client, ids)
+    put_user(sync_client, ids)
+    delete_user(sync_client, ids)
+
+
+def create_user(sync_client: TestClient) -> list[tuple[Any, int]]:
+    ids = []
+    for id in range(30):
+        name = f"routes-create-{id}"
+        response = sync_client.post(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user", json={"name": name})
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED
+        data = response.json()["data"]
+        ids.append((data["id"], id))
+    return ids
+
+
+def get_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[Any, int]]) -> None:
+    for pk, id in ids:
+        name = f"routes-create-{id}"
+        response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        data = response.json()["data"]
+        logger.warning(data)
+        assert data["name"] == name
+
+
+def patch_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[Any, int]]) -> None:
+    for pk, id in ids[:5]:
+        name = f"routes-patch-{id}"
+        time.sleep(1)
+        response = sync_client.patch(
+            f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
+        )
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        data = response.json()["data"]
+        logger.warning(data)
+        assert data["name"] == name
+        assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
+
+
+def put_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[Any, int]]) -> None:
+    for pk, id in ids[:5]:
+        name = f"routes-put-{id}"
+        time.sleep(1)
+        response = sync_client.put(
+            f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}", json={"name": name}
+        )
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        response = sync_client.get(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
+        data = response.json()["data"]
+        logger.warning(data)
+        assert data["name"] == name
+        assert data["created_at"] != data["updated_at"]
+
+
+def delete_user(sync_client: TestClient, ids: list[tuple[Any, int]]) -> None:
+    for pk, _ in ids:
+        response = sync_client.delete(f"{configs.PREFIX}/v1/user/{pk}")
+        logger.warning(response)
+        assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
diff --git a/app/tests/services/test_users.py b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
index 01a066c..b7535d5 100644
--- a/app/tests/services/test_users.py
+++ b/app/tests/services/test_users.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 import pytest
 from loguru import logger
-from sqlalchemy import schema
 
 from app.core.container import Container
 from app.exceptions.database import EntityAlreadyExists, EntityNotFound
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index f6a39e1..f919c6b 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ lint = [
     "pylint>=3.3.3",
     "ruff>=0.9.2",
     "sqlalchemy[mypy]>=2.0.37",
+    "types-pytz>=2024.2.0.20241221",
 ]
 test = [
     "pytest>=8.3.4",
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 8abd688..2eeb02b 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ lint = [
     { name = "pylint" },
     { name = "ruff" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extra = ["mypy"] },
+    { name = "types-pytz" },
 ]
 test = [
     { name = "aiomysql" },
@@ -360,6 +361,7 @@ lint = [
     { name = "pylint", specifier = ">=3.3.3" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.9.2" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extras = ["mypy"], specifier = ">=2.0.37" },
+    { name = "types-pytz", specifier = ">=2024.2.0.20241221" },
 ]
 test = [
     { name = "aiomysql", specifier = ">=0.2.0" },
@@ -872,6 +874,15 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f9/b6/a447b5e4ec71e13871be01ba81f5dfc9d0af7e473da256ff46bc0e24026f/tomlkit-0.13.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7a974427f6e119197f670fbbbeae7bef749a6c14e793db934baefc1b5f03efde", size = 37955 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "types-pytz"
+version = "2024.2.0.20241221"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/26/516311b02b5a215e721155fb65db8a965d061372e388d6125ebce8d674b0/types_pytz-2024.2.0.20241221.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:06d7cde9613e9f7504766a0554a270c369434b50e00975b3a4a0f6eed0f2c1a9", size = 10213 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/74/db/c92ca6920cccd9c2998b013601542e2ac5e59bc805bcff94c94ad254b7df/types_pytz-2024.2.0.20241221-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8fc03195329c43637ed4f593663df721fef919b60a969066e22606edf0b53ad5", size = 10008 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typing-extensions"
 version = "4.12.2"