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+---
+id: 7ed469
+name: Element language is programmatically determinable
+rule_type: atomic
+description: |
+ This rule checks that the language of an element in the page body can be programmatically determined.
+accessibility_requirements: # Remove whatever is not applicable
+ wcag20:3.1.2: # Language of Parts (AA)
+ forConformance: true
+ failed: not satisfied
+ passed: further testing is needed
+ inapplicable: further testing is needed
+input_aspects:
+ - DOM Tree
+ - CSS Styling
+
+acknowledgements:
+ authors:
+ - Patrick H. Lauke
+---
+
+## Applicability
+
+This rules applies to any HTML element that:
+
+* contains a [text node](https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#text) as a [child](https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-tree-child) element
+* is a [descendant](https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-tree-descendant) in the [flat tree](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-scoping/#flat-tree) of a `body` element
+* is [included in the accessibility tree][]
+
+## Expectation (1)
+
+For each test target, the test target itself or any of its [ancestor](https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-tree-ancestor) elements (up to and including the root element of the document) in the [flat tree](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-scoping/#flat-tree) has a `lang` attribute with a valid language subtag.
+
+## Assumptions
+
+_There are currently no assumptions_
+
+## Accessibility Support
+
+_There are no major accessibility support issues known for this rule._
+
+## Background
+
+In practice, this rule will be satisfied if the separate success criterion [3.1.1 Language of Page (Level: A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#language-of-page) is satisfied. This rule ensures that if 3.1.1 is *not* satisfied, content is checked for alternative ways in which language of page content itself can still have a programmatically determinable human language.
+
+- [CSS Scoping Module Level 1 (editor's draft)](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-scoping/)
+- [Understanding Success Criterion 3.1.2: Language of Parts](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/language-of-parts.html)
+
+## Test Cases
+
+### Passed
+
+#### Passed Example 1
+
+The language of the `p` element is inherited by the `lang` attribute on the `html` root element.
+
+```html
+
+
+ Content
+
+
+```
+
+#### Passed Example 2
+
+The language of the `p` element is inherited by the `lang` attribute on the `div` parent element. Note that this example fails 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level: A) as the `html` root element lacks a `lang` attribute.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+#### Passed Example 3
+
+The language of the `p` element is inherited by the `lang` attribute on the `div` ancestor element. Note that this example fails 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level: A) as the `html` root element lacks a `lang` attribute.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+### Failed
+
+#### Failed Example 1
+
+The language of the `p` element cannot be programmatically determined as the element itself and none of its ancestors, including the `html` root element, has a defined `lang` attribute.
+
+```html
+
+
+ Content
+
+
+```
+
+#### Failed Example 2
+
+The language of the `p` element with `id` attribute `ko` cannot be programmatically determined as the element itself and none of its ancestors, including the `html` root element, has a defined `lang` attribute.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+#### Failed Example 3
+
+The language of the `p` element is inherited by the `lang` attribute on the `div` ancestor element, but the value of this `lang` attribute is not a valid language subtag.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+### Inapplicable
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 1
+
+While the language of the `p` element cannot be programmatically determined, as the element itself and none of its ancestors has a defined `lang` attribute, the `p` element contains no actual text content.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+
+
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 2
+
+While the language of the `p` element cannot be programmatically determined, as the element itself and none of its ancestors has a defined `lang` attribute, the `p` element is not part of the accessibilty tree.
+
+```html
+
+
+ Content
+
+
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable Example 2
+
+The `body` element has no descendants.
+
+```html
+
+
+
+```
+
+[included in the accessibility tree]: #included-in-the-accessibility-tree 'Definition of included in the accessibility tree'