[doc] Remove image rollout badges

[erik-bershel]

Description

Due to internal processes, badges are temporarily unavailable.

Related issue:

#12720

Check list

• Related issue / work item is attached
• Tests are written (if applicable)
• Documentation is updated (if applicable)
• Changes are tested and related VM images are successfully generated

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR removes the "Rollout Status of Latest Image Release" column and its associated badges from the Available Images table in the README due to internal processes making the badges temporarily unavailable.

• Removes the rollout status column header and all endpoint badges for image status tracking
• Simplifies the table structure to show only Image, YAML Label, and Included Software columns
• Moves the deprecated badge for Windows Server 2019 from the rollout status column to the image name column

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