Detrender Base Class & PolynomialDetrender Modifications Rebased

[chukarsten]

Please see #3599 for review. Due to git difficulties, had to open a new branch.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3720 (ec32ac7) into main (b60eab3) will increase coverage by 0.1%.
The diff coverage is 99.8%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #3720     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   99.7%   99.7%   +0.1%     
=======================================
  Files        339     340      +1     
  Lines      34386   34667    +281     
=======================================
+ Hits       34254   34535    +281     
  Misses       132     132             

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
evalml/pipelines/component_graph.py	99.8% <ø> (ø)
evalml/pipelines/components/__init__.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
...alml/pipelines/components/transformers/__init__.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
evalml/pipelines/pipeline_base.py	98.5% <ø> (ø)
evalml/tests/component_tests/test_utils.py	99.1% <ø> (ø)
...ransformers/preprocessing/polynomial_decomposer.py	99.3% <99.3%> (ø)
.../components/transformers/preprocessing/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...omponents/transformers/preprocessing/decomposer.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...l/pipelines/components/transformers/transformer.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...sts/decomposer_tests/test_polynomial_decomposer.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
... and 3 more

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