diff --git a/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/ExtractionCompiler.test.tsx b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/ExtractionCompiler.test.tsx
index b3a5dc17f..e5c6f4d1f 100644
--- a/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/ExtractionCompiler.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/ExtractionCompiler.test.tsx
@@ -674,24 +674,25 @@ describe('json format', () => {
 
     await waitForWriteFileCalls(1);
 
-    expect(JSON.parse(filesystem.project.messages!['en.json'])).toEqual({
-      OpKKos: 'Hello!',
-      '7kKG3Q': 'World!'
-    });
+    expect(JSON.parse(filesystem.project.messages!['en.json']))
+      .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        {
+          "7kKG3Q": "World!",
+          "OpKKos": "Hello!",
+        }
+      `);
 
     filesystem.project.messages!['de.json'] = '{}';
     simulateFileEvent('/project/messages', 'rename', 'de.json');
 
     await waitForWriteFileCalls(2);
-    expect(vi.mocked(fs.writeFile).mock.calls.slice(1)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    expect(vi.mocked(fs.writeFile).mock.calls.at(-1)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       [
-        [
-          "messages/de.json",
-          "{
-        "OpKKos": "",
-        "7kKG3Q": ""
+        "messages/de.json",
+        "{
+        "7kKG3Q": "",
+        "OpKKos": ""
       }",
-        ],
       ]
     `);
   });
@@ -1213,11 +1214,11 @@ msgstr "Hallo!"
       "X-Crowdin-SourceKey: msgstr\\n"
 
       #: src/Greeting.tsx
-      msgid "OpKKos"
+      msgid "7kKG3Q"
       msgstr ""
 
       #: src/Greeting.tsx
-      msgid "7kKG3Q"
+      msgid "OpKKos"
       msgstr ""
       ",
         ],
diff --git a/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.test.tsx b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7dded9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import {describe, expect, it} from 'vitest';
+import {getSortedMessages} from './utils.js';
+
+describe('getSortedMessages', () => {
+  it('sorts by reference path', () => {
+    expect(
+      getSortedMessages([
+        {
+          id: 'a',
+          message: 'a',
+          references: [{path: 'components/B.tsx'}]
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'b',
+          message: 'b',
+          references: [{path: 'components/A.tsx'}]
+        }
+      ]).map((message) => message.id)
+    ).toEqual(['b', 'a']);
+  });
+
+  it('uses message ids to break ties when reference paths match', () => {
+    expect(
+      getSortedMessages([
+        {
+          id: 'c',
+          message: 'b',
+          references: [{path: 'components/B.tsx'}]
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'b',
+          message: 'a',
+          references: [{path: 'components/A.tsx'}]
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'a',
+          message: 'c',
+          references: [{path: 'components/A.tsx'}]
+        }
+      ]).map((message) => message.id)
+    ).toEqual(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.tsx b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.tsx
index ccf8973e5..782b506c2 100644
--- a/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/next-intl/src/extractor/formatters/utils.tsx
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ import type {ExtractedMessage} from '../types.js';
 export function getSortedMessages(
   messages: Array<ExtractedMessage>
 ): Array<ExtractedMessage> {
-  return messages.toSorted((a, b) => {
-    const aPath = a.references?.[0]?.path ?? a.message;
-    const bPath = b.references?.[0]?.path ?? b.message;
-    if (aPath === bPath) {
-      return a.message.localeCompare(b.message);
+  return messages.toSorted((messageA, messageB) => {
+    const pathA = messageA.references?.[0]?.path ?? '';
+    const pathB = messageB.references?.[0]?.path ?? '';
+
+    if (pathA === pathB) {
+      return messageA.id.localeCompare(messageB.id);
     } else {
-      return aPath.localeCompare(bPath);
+      return pathA.localeCompare(pathB);
     }
   });
 }