After working on a Perlin-noise-based map generator I had wanted something with islands and rivers and volcanoes and lava. However, I had a lot of trouble getting that map generator to generate any more than what it did at first. This project was my exploration of several different techniques for map generation.
The goal is to make continent/island style maps (surrounded by water) that can be used by a variety of games. I had originally intended to write a reusable C++ library but ended up writing the code in Actionscript.
The most important features I want are nice island/continent coastlines, mountains, and rivers. Non goals include impassable areas (except for the ocean), maze-like structures, or realistic height maps. The high level approach is to
- Make a coastline.
- Set elevation to distance from coastline. Mountains are farthest from the coast.
- Create rivers in valleys, flowing down to the coast.
The implementation generates a vector map with roughly 1,000 polygons, instead of a tile/grid map with roughly 1,000,000 tiles. In games the polygons can be used for distinct areas with their own story and personality, places for towns and resources, quest locations, conquerable territory, etc. Polygon boundaries are used for rivers. Polygon-to-polygon routes are used for roads. Forests, oceans, rivers, swamps, etc. can be named. Polygons are rendered into a bitmap to produce the tile map, but the underlying polygon structure is still available.
The full process is described here.
History
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I started out with C++ code that used mountains, soil erosion, water flow, water erosion, water evaporation, volanoes, lava flow, and other physical processes to sculpt terrain expressed in a 2d array of tiles. However as described in this blog post I decided to abandon this approach.
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Since my initial approach failed, I wrote several small prototypes to figure out how to make rivers, coastlines, and mountains. These are the key features I want to support. I will then figure out how to combine them into a map.
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The voronoi_set.as prototype worked well and I continued adding to it (instead of converting to C++). It supports terrain types: ocean, land, beach, lake, forest, swamp, desert, ice, rocky, grassland, savannah. It has rivers and roads. I decided not to convert it to C++ for now. Instead, I've refactored it into the core map generation (Map.as), display and GUI (mapgen2.as), graph representation (graph/*.as), decorative elements (Roads.as, Lava.as), and noisy edge generation (NoisyEdges.as).
Requirements
These third-party requirements have been added to the third-party directory:
- as3delaunay for the Voronoi algorithm
- as3corelib for PNG export
- The AS3 version of de.polygonal.math.PM_PRNG.as for consistent random numbers
Make sure you run git submodule update --init to check out the third-party libraries.
Compiling
To compile mapgen2.as to mapgen2.swf, use the following command:
mxmlc -source-path+=third-party/PM_PRNG -source-path+=third-party/as3delaunay/src -source-path+=third-party/as3corelib/src mapgen2.as