fix(ivy): various IE issues

[crisbeto]

Since we haven't been running the Ivy tests against IE for a while, we've accumulated some errors and test failures. These changes fix the issues which come from a handful of root causes:

i18n instructions thrown off by sanitizer:

While sanitizing on browsers that don't support the template element (pretty much only IE), we create an inert document and we insert content into it via document.body.innerHTML = unsafeHTML. The problem is that IE appears to parse the HTML passed to innerHTML differently, depending on whether the element has been inserted into a document or not. In particular, it seems to split some strings into multiple text nodes, which would've otherwise been a single node. This ended up throwing off some of the i18n code down the line and causing a handful of failures. I've worked around it by creating a new inert body element into which the HTML would be inserted.

Inheriting injectable definition from parent class not working in IE10 JIT mode:

The way definitions are added in JIT mode is through Object.defineProperty, but the problem is that in IE10 properties defined through defineProperty won't be inherited which means that inheriting injectable definitions no longer works. These changes add a workaround only for JIT mode where we define a fallback method for retrieving the definition. This isn't ideal, but it should only be required until v10 where we'll no longer support inheriting injectable definitions from undecorated classes.

Inheritance issues in IE10:

It looks like most of the inheritance functionality in Ivy wasn't working in JIT mode because we weren't accessing things correctly. These changes fix all of the cases.

Proxies being used in DebugElement.classes:

We're currently using proxies to pick up changes to element classes coming outside of Angular. Proxies aren't supported in IE and an error is always thrown. I've reworked the tests where possible and skipped the rest with a TODO to come back and re-enable them once we have some kind of fallback.

Inconsistent typeof Node value:

We have a couple of cases where we use something like typeof Node === 'function' to figure out whether we're in a worker context. This works in most browsers, but IE returns object instead of function. I've updated all the usages to account for it.

IE saving the attribute case:

In DebugElement.attributes we return all of the attributes from the underlying DOM node. Most browsers change the attribute names to lower case, but IE preserves the case and since we use camel-cased attributes, the return value was inconsistent. I've changed it to always lower case the attribute names.

Unable to get own function name:

When we log DI errors we get the name of the provider via SomeClass.name. In IE functions that inherit from other functions don't have their own name, but they take the name from the lowest parent in the chain, before Function. I've added some changes to fall back to parsing out the function name from the function's string form.

Different attribute order in innerHTML:

We've got some tests that assert that the generated DOM looks correct. The problem is that IE changes the attribute order in innerHTML which caused the tests to fail. I've reworked the relevant tests not to assert directly against innerHTML.

proto not supported:

IE doesn't support __proto__. I've added a fallback based on #34279.

[crisbeto]

Addressed the feedback from @pkozlowski-opensource and @gkalpak.

[pkozlowski-opensource]

@crisbeto could you please pick up Paul's commits from #34277 as discussed?

Also, ideally I would like to see work-around related to Proxy usage (FW-1767) in a separate commit. The reason for this is that if we decide to merge #34328 (and it looks like we will) we might not want to merge your PR with work-arounds.

Generally speaking, I'm expecting that we are only going to merge parts of the work here so having small, focused commits would make the whole operation easier (I know it is more work for you, but it will help the overall effort)

[crisbeto]

@pkozlowski-opensource the problem with cherry picking the commits is that the CLA bot will start complaining if there are mixed authors. I took Paul's changes just to illustrate that everything is passing, but I'll remove them before setting it as ready to merge.

Regarding the Proxy error: this is the reason why I left the TODO in there and mentioned it in the issue. If we get it fixed before this PR goes in, I'll rebase and remove my workarounds.

[crisbeto]

The build changes have been reverted.

[kara]

Thanks for all these fixes! Changes LGTM, but we should split the fixes into separate commits as @pkozlowski-opensource suggests. If there are unintended consequences (e.g. in G3) and we have to revert something, would rather not revert all changes. Maybe a natural way to split would be by section in the PR description?

[kara]

presubmit

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