Backport NgOptimizedImage to v13

[atcastle]

This PR is an extension of the work done in #49278. This extend the backport of NgOptimizedImage from version 14 to version 13.

To aid in review, here's a list of additional changes made, beyond those made in the version 14 backport:

ng_optimized_image.ts:

• Change @usageNotes to remove references to standalone
• Remove conditional host property from @directive, because this does not behave the same pre-14.
• Replaced the above functionality with calls to this.renderer.setStyle
• Move injected values for class properties from the class body to within the constructor, using @Inject.
• Export NgModule at end of file

preconnect_link_checker.ts:

• Move some injected properties from class body to constructor
• Directly access InjectFlags enum, as handling of optional param in inject config is different pre-14

preload-link-creator.ts:

• Move injected properties from class body to constructor

All built-in loader files (Imgix, Cloudflare, etc):

• Export create[Service]Url function to facilitate testing

Testing
render3.ts:

• Backport utility functions withHead, and wrapTest

ng_optimized_image_spec.ts:

• Use NgOptimizedImageModule instead of standalone

image_loader_spec.ts:

• These tests rely on EnvironmentInjector to access the image loaders for testing. I replaced them with somewhat-hacky logic for stubbing out the loader functions, using the newly-exported functions in the loader files.

e2e tests:

• All test apps modified to use NgOptimizedImageModule instead of standalone

Docs
References to using NgOptimizedImage in standalone removed.

Note that there may be e2e failures in this PR initially, as I'm unable to run the pre-Angular15 e2e tests locally.

CC: @AndrewKushnir @pkozlowski-opensource @kara

[devversion]

There seem to be legitimate failures. Please ping if this is ready for review. Converting to draft in the meanwhile.

[AndrewKushnir]

@atcastle looks great, just left a few minor comments.

[AndrewKushnir]

Looks great! 👍

[kara]

LGTM, just one typo

[AndrewKushnir]

@devversion this PR is ready for merge, but we didn't add the "merge" label, so that it didn't show up in the Caretaker queue.

The Pullapprove also wants an LGTM from you, could you please have a quick look at the DevInfra-related changes? I think we can skip DevRel's review as we are copy'n'pasting docs from the previous backport and an overall plan was LGTM'ed previously by DevRel.

[josephperrott]

LGTM

[josephperrott]

LGTM

Reviewed-for: global-approvers

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