diff --git a/src/material/config.bzl b/src/material/config.bzl
index 6de7312902b6..62339f8f27f0 100644
--- a/src/material/config.bzl
+++ b/src/material/config.bzl
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ entryPoints = [
     "tooltip",
     "tooltip/testing",
     "tree",
+    "tree/testing",
     "form-field/testing",
     "form-field/testing/control",
     "input/testing",
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/BUILD.bazel b/src/material/tree/testing/BUILD.bazel
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f88c68d49b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/BUILD.bazel
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+load("//tools:defaults.bzl", "ng_test_library", "ng_web_test_suite", "ts_library")
+
+package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
+
+ts_library(
+    name = "testing",
+    srcs = glob(
+        ["**/*.ts"],
+        exclude = ["**/*.spec.ts"],
+    ),
+    module_name = "@angular/material/tree/testing",
+    deps = [
+        "//src/cdk/coercion",
+        "//src/cdk/testing",
+    ],
+)
+
+filegroup(
+    name = "source-files",
+    srcs = glob(["**/*.ts"]),
+)
+
+ng_test_library(
+    name = "harness_tests_lib",
+    srcs = ["shared.spec.ts"],
+    deps = [
+        ":testing",
+        "//src/cdk/testing",
+        "//src/cdk/testing/testbed",
+        "//src/cdk/tree",
+        "//src/material/tree",
+    ],
+)
+
+ng_test_library(
+    name = "unit_tests_lib",
+    srcs = glob(
+        ["**/*.spec.ts"],
+        exclude = ["shared.spec.ts"],
+    ),
+    deps = [
+        ":harness_tests_lib",
+        ":testing",
+        "//src/material/tree",
+    ],
+)
+
+ng_web_test_suite(
+    name = "unit_tests",
+    deps = [":unit_tests_lib"],
+)
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/index.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..676ca90f1ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+export * from './public-api';
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/node-harness.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/node-harness.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2565714974f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/node-harness.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {
+  ComponentHarness,
+  ComponentHarnessConstructor,
+  HarnessPredicate
+} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
+import {TreeNodeHarnessFilters} from './tree-harness-filters';
+import {coerceBooleanProperty, coerceNumberProperty} from '@angular/cdk/coercion';
+
+/** Harness for interacting with a standard Angular Material tree node. */
+export class MatTreeNodeHarness extends ComponentHarness {
+  /** The selector of the host element of a `MatTreeNode` instance. */
+  static hostSelector = '.mat-tree-node, .mat-nested-tree-node';
+
+  _toggle = this.locatorForOptional('[matTreeNodeToggle]');
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a `HarnessPredicate` that can be used to search for a tree node with specific attributes.
+   * @param options Options for narrowing the search
+   * @return a `HarnessPredicate` configured with the given options.
+   */
+  static with(options: TreeNodeHarnessFilters = {}): HarnessPredicate<MatTreeNodeHarness> {
+    return getNodePredicate(MatTreeNodeHarness, options);
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the tree node is expanded. */
+  async isExpanded(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return coerceBooleanProperty(await (await this.host()).getAttribute('aria-expanded'));
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the tree node is disabled. */
+  async isDisabled(): Promise<boolean> {
+    return coerceBooleanProperty(await (await this.host()).getProperty('aria-disabled'));
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the level of the tree node. Note that this gets the aria-level and is 1 indexed. */
+  async getLevel(): Promise<number> {
+    return coerceNumberProperty(await (await this.host()).getAttribute('aria-level'));
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the tree node's text. */
+  async getText(): Promise<string> {
+    return (await this.host()).text({exclude: '.mat-tree-node, .mat-nested-tree-node, button'});
+  }
+
+  /** Toggles node between expanded/collapsed. Only works when node is not disabled. */
+  async toggle(): Promise<void> {
+    const toggle = await this._toggle();
+    if (toggle) {
+      return toggle.click();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Expands the node if it is collapsed. Only works when node is not disabled. */
+  async expand(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!(await this.isExpanded())) {
+      await this.toggle();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Collapses the node if it is expanded. Only works when node is not disabled. */
+  async collapse(): Promise<void> {
+    if (await this.isExpanded()) {
+      await this.toggle();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function getNodePredicate<T extends MatTreeNodeHarness>(
+  type: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>,
+  options: TreeNodeHarnessFilters): HarnessPredicate<T> {
+  return new HarnessPredicate(type, options)
+    .addOption('text', options.text,
+      (harness, text) => HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text))
+    .addOption(
+      'disabled', options.disabled,
+      async (harness, disabled) => (await harness.isDisabled()) === disabled)
+    .addOption(
+      'expanded', options.expanded,
+      async (harness, expanded) => (await harness.isExpanded()) === expanded)
+    .addOption(
+      'level', options.level,
+      async (harness, level) => (await harness.getLevel()) === level);
+}
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/public-api.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/public-api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78f03e568d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/public-api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+export * from './node-harness';
+export * from './tree-harness';
+export * from './tree-harness-filters';
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/shared.spec.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/shared.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fec3c5bd39dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/shared.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+import {Component} from '@angular/core';
+import {FlatTreeControl, NestedTreeControl} from '@angular/cdk/tree';
+import {
+  MatTreeFlatDataSource,
+  MatTreeFlattener,
+  MatTreeModule,
+  MatTreeNestedDataSource
+} from '@angular/material/tree';
+import {MatTreeHarness} from '@angular/material/tree/testing';
+import {ComponentFixture, TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing';
+import {HarnessLoader} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
+import {TestbedHarnessEnvironment} from '@angular/cdk/testing/testbed';
+
+/** Shared tests to run on both the original and MDC-based trees. */
+export function runHarnessTests(
+  treeModule: typeof MatTreeModule,
+  treeHarness: typeof MatTreeHarness) {
+  let fixture: ComponentFixture<TreeHarnessTest>;
+  let loader: HarnessLoader;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
+      imports: [treeModule],
+      declarations: [TreeHarnessTest],
+    }).compileComponents();
+
+    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TreeHarnessTest);
+    fixture.detectChanges();
+    loader = TestbedHarnessEnvironment.loader(fixture);
+  });
+
+  it('should load harness with 2 tress', async () => {
+    const trees = await loader.getAllHarnesses(treeHarness);
+
+    expect(trees.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should get correct number of children and descendants', async () => {
+    const trees = await loader.getAllHarnesses(treeHarness);
+    const flatTree = trees[0];
+    const nestedTree = trees[1];
+    const flatTreeDescendants = await flatTree.getNodes();
+    const nestedDescendants = await nestedTree.getNodes();
+
+    // flat nodes are not rendered until expanded
+    expect(flatTreeDescendants.length).toBe(2);
+
+    await flatTreeDescendants[0].expand();
+
+    expect((await flatTree.getNodes()).length).toBe(5);
+
+    expect(nestedDescendants.length).toBe(8);
+  });
+
+  it('should correctly get correct node with text (flat tree)', async () => {
+    const trees = await loader.getAllHarnesses(treeHarness);
+    const flatTree = trees[0];
+    const flatTreeNodes = await flatTree.getNodes({text: /Flat Group/});
+    expect(flatTreeNodes.length).toBe(2);
+    const secondGroup = flatTreeNodes[0];
+
+    expect(await secondGroup.getText()).toBe('Flat Group 1');
+    expect(await secondGroup.getLevel()).toBe(1);
+    expect(await secondGroup.isDisabled()).toBe(false);
+    expect(await secondGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should correctly get correct node with text (nested tree)', async () => {
+    const trees = await loader.getAllHarnesses(treeHarness);
+    const nestedTree = trees[1];
+    const nestedTreeNodes = await nestedTree.getNodes({text: /2./});
+    expect(nestedTreeNodes.length).toBe(3);
+    const thirdGroup = nestedTreeNodes[1];
+
+    expect(await thirdGroup.getText()).toBe('Nested Leaf 2.1.1');
+    expect(await thirdGroup.getLevel()).toBe(3);
+    expect(await thirdGroup.isDisabled()).toBe(false);
+    expect(await thirdGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should toggle expansion', async () => {
+    const trees = await loader.getAllHarnesses(treeHarness);
+    const nestedTree = trees[1];
+    const nestedTreeNodes = await nestedTree.getNodes();
+    const firstGroup = nestedTreeNodes[0];
+
+    expect(await firstGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(false);
+    await firstGroup.expand();
+    expect(await firstGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(true);
+    await firstGroup.expand();
+    // no-op if already expanded
+    expect(await firstGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(true);
+    await firstGroup.collapse();
+    expect(await firstGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(false);
+    await firstGroup.collapse();
+    // no-op if already collapsed
+    expect(await firstGroup.isExpanded()).toBe(false);
+  });
+}
+
+interface FoodNode {
+  name: string;
+  children?: FoodNode[];
+}
+
+const FLAT_TREE_DATA: FoodNode[] = [
+  {
+    name: 'Flat Group 1',
+    children: [
+      {name: 'Flat Leaf 1.1'},
+      {name: 'Flat Leaf 1.2'},
+      {name: 'Flat Leaf 1.3'},
+    ]
+  }, {
+    name: 'Flat Group 2',
+    children: [
+      {
+        name: 'Flat Group 2.1',
+        children: [
+          {name: 'Flat Leaf 2.1.1'},
+          {name: 'Flat Leaf 2.1.2'},
+          {name: 'Flat Leaf 2.1.3'},
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+];
+
+const NESTED_TREE_DATA: FoodNode[] = [
+  {
+    name: 'Nested Group 1',
+    children: [
+      {name: 'Nested Leaf 1.1'},
+      {name: 'Nested Leaf 1.2'},
+      {name: 'Nested Leaf 1.3'},
+    ]
+  }, {
+    name: 'Nested Group 2',
+    children: [
+      {
+        name: 'Nested Group 2.1',
+        children: [
+          {name: 'Nested Leaf 2.1.1'},
+          {name: 'Nested Leaf 2.1.2'},
+        ]
+      },
+    ]
+  },
+];
+
+interface ExampleFlatNode {
+  expandable: boolean;
+  name: string;
+  level: number;
+}
+
+@Component({
+  template: `
+    <mat-tree [dataSource]="flatTreeDataSource" [treeControl]="flatTreeControl">
+      <!-- This is the tree node template for leaf nodes -->
+      <mat-tree-node *matTreeNodeDef="let node" matTreeNodePadding>
+        {{node.name}}
+      </mat-tree-node>
+      <!-- This is the tree node template for expandable nodes -->
+      <mat-tree-node *matTreeNodeDef="let node;when: flatTreeHasChild" matTreeNodePadding>
+        <button matTreeNodeToggle>
+          Toggle
+        </button>
+        {{node.name}}
+      </mat-tree-node>
+    </mat-tree>
+    <mat-tree [dataSource]="nestedTreeDataSource" [treeControl]="nestedTreeControl">
+      <!-- This is the tree node template for leaf nodes -->
+      <mat-tree-node *matTreeNodeDef="let node" matTreeNodeToggle>
+        {{node.name}}
+      </mat-tree-node>
+      <!-- This is the tree node template for expandable nodes -->
+      <mat-nested-tree-node *matTreeNodeDef="let node; when: nestedTreeHasChild">
+        <button matTreeNodeToggle>
+          Toggle
+        </button>
+        {{node.name}}
+        <ul [class.example-tree-invisible]="!nestedTreeControl.isExpanded(node)">
+          <ng-container matTreeNodeOutlet></ng-container>
+        </ul>
+      </mat-nested-tree-node>
+    </mat-tree>
+  `
+})
+class TreeHarnessTest {
+  private _transformer = (node: FoodNode, level: number) => {
+    return {
+      expandable: !!node.children && node.children.length > 0,
+      name: node.name,
+      level: level,
+    };
+  }
+
+  treeFlattener = new MatTreeFlattener(
+    this._transformer, node => node.level, node => node.expandable, node => node.children);
+  flatTreeControl = new FlatTreeControl<ExampleFlatNode>(
+    node => node.level, node => node.expandable);
+  flatTreeDataSource = new MatTreeFlatDataSource(this.flatTreeControl, this.treeFlattener);
+  nestedTreeControl = new NestedTreeControl<FoodNode>(node => node.children);
+  nestedTreeDataSource = new MatTreeNestedDataSource<FoodNode>();
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.flatTreeDataSource.data = FLAT_TREE_DATA;
+    this.nestedTreeDataSource.data = NESTED_TREE_DATA;
+  }
+
+  flatTreeHasChild = (_: number, node: ExampleFlatNode) => node.expandable;
+
+  nestedTreeHasChild = (_: number, node: FoodNode) => !!node.children && node.children.length > 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness-filters.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness-filters.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e2893059894a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness-filters.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {BaseHarnessFilters} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
+
+/** A set of criteria that can be used to filter a list of tree harness instances */
+export interface TreeHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
+}
+
+/** A set of criteria that can be used to filter a list of node harness instances. */
+export interface TreeNodeHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
+  /** Only find instances whose text matches the given value. */
+  text?: string | RegExp;
+
+  /** Only find instances whose disabled state matches the given value. */
+  disabled?: boolean;
+
+  /** Only find instances whose expansion state matches the given value. */
+  expanded?: boolean;
+
+  /** Only find instances whose level matches the given value. */
+  level?: number;
+}
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.spec.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0eaa745a8fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import {MatTreeHarness} from '@angular/material/tree/testing';
+import {MatTreeModule} from '@angular/material/tree';
+import {runHarnessTests} from '@angular/material/tree/testing/shared.spec';
+
+describe('Non-MDC-based MatTreeHarness', () => {
+  runHarnessTests(MatTreeModule, MatTreeHarness);
+});
diff --git a/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.ts b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..caffb2672bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/material/tree/testing/tree-harness.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import {ComponentHarness, HarnessPredicate} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
+import {MatTreeNodeHarness} from './node-harness';
+import {TreeHarnessFilters, TreeNodeHarnessFilters} from './tree-harness-filters';
+
+/** Harness for interacting with a standard mat-tree in tests. */
+export class MatTreeHarness extends ComponentHarness {
+  /** The selector for the host element of a `MatTableHarness` instance. */
+  static hostSelector = '.mat-tree';
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a `HarnessPredicate` that can be used to search for a tree with specific attributes.
+   * @param options Options for narrowing the search
+   * @return a `HarnessPredicate` configured with the given options.
+   */
+  static with(options: TreeHarnessFilters = {}): HarnessPredicate<MatTreeHarness> {
+    return new HarnessPredicate(MatTreeHarness, options);
+  }
+
+  /** Gets all of the nodes in the tree. */
+  async getNodes(filter: TreeNodeHarnessFilters = {}): Promise<MatTreeNodeHarness[]> {
+    return this.locatorForAll(MatTreeNodeHarness.with(filter))();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tools/public_api_guard/material/tree/testing.d.ts b/tools/public_api_guard/material/tree/testing.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76184d53cc13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/public_api_guard/material/tree/testing.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+export declare class MatTreeHarness extends ComponentHarness {
+    getNodes(filter?: TreeNodeHarnessFilters): Promise<MatTreeNodeHarness[]>;
+    static hostSelector: string;
+    static with(options?: TreeHarnessFilters): HarnessPredicate<MatTreeHarness>;
+}
+
+export declare class MatTreeNodeHarness extends ComponentHarness {
+    _toggle: import("@angular/cdk/testing").AsyncFactoryFn<import("@angular/cdk/testing").TestElement | null>;
+    collapse(): Promise<void>;
+    expand(): Promise<void>;
+    getLevel(): Promise<number>;
+    getText(): Promise<string>;
+    isDisabled(): Promise<boolean>;
+    isExpanded(): Promise<boolean>;
+    toggle(): Promise<void>;
+    static hostSelector: string;
+    static with(options?: TreeNodeHarnessFilters): HarnessPredicate<MatTreeNodeHarness>;
+}
+
+export interface TreeHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
+}
+
+export interface TreeNodeHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    expanded?: boolean;
+    level?: number;
+    text?: string | RegExp;
+}