python3programs.txt

# python3programs.txt
#
# anne.dawson@gmail.com
#
# Last updated: Friday 17th February 2023, 10:49 PT, AD
#
# All Python programming resources by Dr Anne Dawson are here: 
# https://www.annedawson.net/Resources165.html#N13

# Search for a programming topic at annedawson.net:
# https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=a0d9952fa0ee346b3#gsc.tab=0

# Please note: lines in Python code starting with a # are comments 
# and are ignored by
# the Python interpreter...

# See:
# https://www.annedawson.net/PythonComments.txt
# for important information about comments.

# Any of the following example programs can be run by
# directly copying the desired program and pasting 
# the code to a Python editor such as IDLE...
# For Python and Python IDLE installation and running instructions
# watch this video:  https://youtu.be/3Xy221yv9A8

# For detailed instructions on how to use the Python IDLE environment 
# to write a simple Python 3 program, watch this video:
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBkcDFRA958

# A video course for beginner programmers in Python 3 
# composed of over 40 short videos
# can be found here: 
# https://www.youtube.com/@AnneDawson/playlists


# The first Python program below (01-01.py) has only
# one executable line: 
# print ("Hello World!")
# and one comment line



#################################################
# NOTE: These example programs run on Python 3. #
#################################################




#01-01.py

print ("Hello World!")


#01-02.py

thetext = input("Enter some text ")
print ("This is what you entered:")
print (thetext)


#01-03.py

# Note that \n within quote marks forces a new line to be printed
thetext = input("Enter some text\n")
print ("This is what you entered:")
print (thetext)


#01-04.py

prompt  = "Enter a some text "
thetext = input(prompt)
print ("This is what you entered:")
print (thetext)




#02-01.py

total = 0.0
number1=float(input("Enter the first number: "))
total = total + number1
number2=float(input("Enter the second number: "))
total = total + number2
number3=float(input("Enter the third number: "))
total = total + number3
average = total / 3
print ("The average is " + str(average))





################################################################
#                                                              #
# 02-02.py                                                     #
# Purpose: to demonstrate storage of a floating point number   #
#                                                              #
# Programmer: Anne Dawson                                      #
# Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD                       #
#                                                              #
# See this resource to find out how the input function works:  #
# https://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Input.txt                 #
#                                                              #
# See this resource to find out how important comments are:    #
# https://www.annedawson.net/PythonComments.txt                #
#                                                              #
################################################################
number1=float(input("Enter the first number: "))
number2=float(input("Enter the second number: "))
number3=float(input("Enter the third number: "))
total = number1 + number2 + number3
average = total / 3
print ("The average is: ")
print (average)








#02-03.py
total = 0.0
count = 0
while count < 3:
    number=float(input("Enter a number: "))
    count = count + 1
    total = total + number
average = total / 3
print ("The average is " + str(average))



#03-01.py
total = 10



#03-02.py
total = 10
print (total)



#03-03.py
total = 10
print (total)
print (type (total))



#03-04.py
print (2 + 4)
print (6 - 4)
print (6 * 3)
print (6 / 3)
print (6 % 3)
print (6 // 3) # floor division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5)
print (3**2)   # three to the power of 2




#03-05.py
print (2.0 + 4.0)
print (6.0 - 4.0)
print (6.0 * 3.0)
print (6.0 / 3.0)
print (6.0 % 3.0)
print (6.0 // 3.0) # floor division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5.0)
print (3.0**2.0)   # three to the power of 2



#03-06.py

# mixing data types in expressions
# mixed type expressions are "converted up"
# converted up means to take the data type with the greater storage
# float has greater storage (8 bytes) than a regular int (4 bytes)
print (2 + 4.0)
print (6 - 4.0)
print (6 * 3.0)
print (6 / 3.0)
print (6 % 3.0)
print (6 // 3.0) # floor division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5.0)
print (3**2.0)   # three to the power of 2






#03-07.py

# these are Boolean expressions which result in a value of
# true or false
# Note that Python stores true as integer 1, and false as integer 0
# but outputs 'true' or 'false' from print statements
print (7 > 10)
print (4 < 16)
print (4 == 4)
print (4 <= 4)
print (4 >= 4)
print (4 != 4)




#03-08.py

# these are string objects
print ("Hello out there")
print ('Hello')
print ("Where's the spam?")
print ('x')



#03-09.py

# these are string assignments
a = "Hello out there"
print (a)
b = 'Hello'
print (b)
c = "Where's the spam?"
print (c)
d = 'x'
print (d)



#03-10.py

a = 'Hello out there'
b = "Where's the spam?"
c = a + b
print (c)





#03-11.py

a = 'Hello out there'
b = "Where's the spam?"
c = a + b
print (c)
#d = c + 10
# you cannot concatenate a string and an integer
# you must convert the integer to a string first:
d = c + str(10)
print (d)





#03-12.py

a = "10"
b = '99'
c = a + b
print (c)
print (type(c))
c = int(c)
print (c)
print (type(c))





# 03-13.py
# How to round up a floating point number
# to the nearest integer
# Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

x = 1.6
print (x)
x = round(x)
print (x)
#compare the above with
x = 1.6
x = int(x)
print (x)




# 03-14.py
# How to round a float number to 2 decimal places,
# and output that number as $ currency
# printed with a comma after the number of thousands

# i.e. print 1234.5678 as $1,234.57

# for a list of Python 3's built-in functions, see the link below:
# http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/functions.html

###########################################################################
# PLEASE NOTE: This program will work correctly for some
#              input values, but has not been modified to work in all cases.
###########################################################################

# Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

number = 1234.5678
print (number)
number = round(number,2)
print (number)
# the above line rounds the number to 2 decimal places

thousands = number / 1000
print (thousands)
thousands = int(thousands)
print (thousands)
remainder = number % 1000
print (remainder)
pretty_output = "$" + str(thousands) + "," + str(remainder)
print (pretty_output)







#  File:       04-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Creating a string object
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

number1 = input("Enter first number:\n")
print (number1, type(number1))


#  File:       04-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Converting one data type to another
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

number1 = input("Enter first number:\n")
print (number1, type(number1))
number1 = int(number1)
print (number1, type(number1))





#  File:       04-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Displaying an object's memory location 
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

number1 = input("Enter first number:\n")
print (number1, type(number1), id(number1))
number1 = int(number1)
print (number1, type(number1), id(number1))






#  File:       04-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of use of arithmetic operators
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print (2 + 4)
print (6 - 4)
print (6 * 3)
print (6 / 3)
print (6 % 3)
print (6 // 3) # floor (integer) division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5)
print (3**2)   # three to the power of 2







#  File:       04-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of use of arithmetic operators with float values
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print (2.0 + 4.0)
print (6.0 - 4.0)
print (6.0 * 3.0)
print (6.0 / 3.0)
print (6.0 % 3.0)
print (6.0 // 3.0) # floor (integer) division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5.0)
print (3.0**2.0)   # three to the power of 2








#  File:       04-06.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of use of arithmetic operators 
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

# mixing data types in expressions
# mixed type expressions are "converted up"
# converted up means to take the data type with the greater storage
# float has greater storage (8 bytes) than a regular int (4 bytes)

print (2 + 4.0)
print (6 - 4.0)
print (6 * 3.0)
print (6 / 3.0)
print (6 % 3.0)
print (6 // 3.0) # floor division: always truncates fractional remainders
print (-5.0)
print (3**2.0)   # three to the power of 2









#  File:       04-07.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of use of Boolean expressions
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  these are Boolean expressions which result in a value of
#  true or false
#  Note that Python stores true as integer 1, and false as integer 0
#  but outputs 'true' or 'false' from print statements
#  If you input Boolean values, you must input 1 or 0.

print (7 > 10)
print (4 < 16)
print (4 == 4)
print (4 <= 4)
print (4 >= 4)
print (4 != 4)






#  File:       04-08.py 
#  Purpose:    Displaying boolean values
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

number = 10
isPositive = (number > 0)
print (isPositive)









#  File:       04-09.py 
#  Purpose:    Combining boolean expressions with and
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

age = 25
salary = 55000
print ((age > 21) and (salary > 50000))








#  File:       04-10.py 
#  Purpose:    The if statement
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  The condition of the following if statement
#  follows the word if, and ends with a colon (:)
#  In this example, if x has a value equal to 'spam',
#  then 'Hi spam' will be printed.

x = 'spam'
if x == 'spam':
    print ('Hi spam')
else:
    print ('not spam')

# Notice the indentation (spacing out) of this code.
# The statement(s) following the if condition (i.e. boolean expression)
# must be indented to the next tab stop. This means you must press
# the Tab button before typing the word print.
# Try removing the tab spaces and see what happens when you attempt to run.








#  File:       04-11.py 
#  Purpose:    The if statement with multiple statements
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  The condition of the following if statement
#  follows the word if, and ends with a colon (:)
#  In this example, if x has a value equal to 'spam',
#  then 'Hi spam\n' will be printed followed by
#  "Nice weather we're having"
#  followed by 'Have a nice day!'


x = 'spam'
if x == 'spam':
    print ('Hi spam\n')
    print ("Nice weather we're having")
    print ('Have a nice day!')
else:
    print ('not spam')

# Notice the indentation (spacing out) of this code.
# The statement(s) following the if condition (i.e. boolean expression)
# must be indented to the next tab stop. This means you must press
# the Tab button before typing the word print.
# Try removing the tab spaces and see what happens when you attempt to run.











#  File:       04-12.py 
#  Purpose:    The if statement with multiple statements
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  The condition of the following if statement
#  follows the word if, and ends with a colon (:)
#  In this example, if x has a value equal to 'spammy',
#  then 'Hi spam\n' will be printed followed by
#  "Nice weather we're having"
#  followed by 'Have a nice day!'

x = 'spam'
if x == 'spammy':
    print ('Hi spam\n')
    print ("Nice weather we're having")
    print ('Have a nice day!')
else:
    print ('not spam')
    print ('Not having a good day?')

# Notice the indentation (spacing out) of this code.
# The statement(s) following the if condition (i.e. boolean expression)
# must be indented to the next tab stop. This means you must press
# the Tab button before typing the word print.
# Try removing the tab spaces and see what happens when you attempt to run.











#  Program:    04-13.py
#  Purpose:    A nested if example (an if statement within another if statement)
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

score = input("Enter score: ")
score = int(score)
if score >= 80:
    grade = 'A'
else:
    if score >= 70:
        grade = 'B'
    else:
        grade = 'C'
print ("\n\nGrade is: " + grade)












#  Program:    04-14.py
#  Purpose:    A nested if example - using if/else
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

score = input("Enter score: ")
score = int(score)
if score >= 80:
    grade = 'A'
else:
    if score >= 70:
        grade = 'B'
    else:
        if score >= 55:
            grade = 'C'
        else:
            if score >= 50:
                grade = 'Pass'
            else:
                 grade = 'Fail'
print ("\n\nGrade is: " + grade)








#  Program:    04-15A.py
#  Purpose:    A nested if example - using if/elif/else
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

score = input("Enter score: ")
score = int(score)
if score > 80 or score == 80:
    grade = 'A'
elif score > 70 or score == 70:
    grade = 'B'
elif score > 55 or score == 55:
    grade = 'C'
elif score > 50 or score == 50:
    grade = 'Pass'
else:
    grade = 'Fail'
print ("\n\nGrade is: " + grade)







#  Program:    04-15B.py
#  Purpose:    A nested if example - using if/elif/else
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

score = input("Enter score: ")
score = int(score)
if score >= 80:
    grade = 'A'
elif score >= 70:
    grade = 'B'
elif score >= 55:
    grade = 'C'
elif score >= 50:
    grade = 'Pass'
else:
    grade = 'Fail'
print ("\n\nGrade is: " + grade)






#  File:       04-16.py
#  Purpose:    Demo of DeMorgan's Laws:
#  1.  a Not And is equivalent to an Or with two negated inputs
#  2.  a Not Or is equivalent to an And with two negated inputs
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  Test data: 0 0, 0 1, 1 0, 1 1
#  For ***any*** value of x and y, (not(x < 15 and y >= 3)) == (x >= 15 or y < 3)
#  Common uses of De Morgan's rules are in digital circuit design
#  where it is used to manipulate the types of logic gates.
#  Also, computer programmers use them to change a complicated statement
#  like IF ... AND (... OR ...) THEN ... into its opposite (and shorter) equivalent.
#  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Morgan%27s_law
#  https://www.annedawson.net/DeMorgansLaws.htm

x = int(input("Enter a value for x: "))
y = int(input("Enter a value for y: "))
print ((not(x < 15 and y >= 3)))
print ((x >= 15 or y < 3))







#  Program:    04-17.py
#  Purpose:    Decision using two conditions linked with an and or an or
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

age = input("Enter your age: ")
age = int(age)
have_own_car = input("Do you own your own car (y/n): ")

if (age > 21) and (have_own_car == 'y'):
    print ("You are over 21 years old and own your own car")
    
if (age > 21) and (have_own_car == 'n'):
    print ("You are over 21 years old and you do NOT own your own car")

if (age == 21) and (have_own_car == 'y'):
    print ("You are 21 years old and you own your own car")

if (age == 21) and (have_own_car == 'n'):
    print ("You are 21 years old and you DO NOT own your own car"    )

if (age < 21) and (have_own_car == 'y'):
    print ("You are younger than 21 and you own your own car")

if (age < 21) and (have_own_car == 'n'):
    print ("You are younger than 21 and you DO NOT own your own car"    )


salary = float(input("Enter your annual salary, (e.g. 50000): "))

if (salary > 50000) or (age > 21):
    print ("you can join our club because you earn more than $50000 OR you are over 21 (or both)")
else:
    print ("you need to be earning more than 50000 OR be over 21 (or both) to join our club")
    











#  File:       05-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of while loops
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  You must remember to indent the statements to be repeated.
#  They must be repeated to the same level.
#  Use the Tab key to indent. The space bar can be used but
#  its easier (less typing) to use the space bar

#  Used like this, the while loop is said to be
#  'counter-controlled'. In this program, x is acting as a counter.

x = 1
while x < 5:
    print ('Hi spam')
    x = x + 1
print ('done')








#  File:       05-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of while loops
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  Used like this, the while loop is said to be
#  'counter-controlled'. In this program, x is acting as a counter.

#  You may repeat one statement or multiple statements.

x = 1
while x < 5:
    print ('Hi spam')
    x = x + 1
    print ('I love spam')
print ('done')
print ('gone')








#  File:       05-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of while loops - the infinite loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  An infinite loop.
#  Remember that 1 (or any value other than 0) represents true.
#  Press Ctrl-C to interrupt this program run.

x = 1
while x:
    print ('Hi spam')
    x = x + 1
    print ('I love spam')
    print ('Press the Ctrl key and the C key together')
    print ('to interrupt this program...')
print ('done')
print ('gone')








#  File:       05-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Examples of while loops - another infinite loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  An infinite loop.
#  Remember that 1 (or any value other than 0) represents true.
#  Press Ctrl-C to interrupt this program run.


while 1:
    print ('Anyone for spam? ')
    print ('Press the Ctrl key and the C key together')
    print ('to interrupt this program...')
print ('done')
print ('gone')









#  File:       05-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: use of break to end an infinite loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


while 1:
    print ('Spam')
    answer = input('Press y to end this loop')
    if answer == 'y':
        print ('Fries with that?')
        break
print ('Have a ')
print ('nice day!')









#  File:       05-06.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: use of continue in a loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


while 1:
    print ('Spam')
    answer = input('Press y for large fries ')
    if answer == 'y':
        print ('Large fries with spam, mmmm, yummy ')
        continue
    answer = input('Had enough yet? ')
    if answer == 'y':
        break
print ('Have a ')
print ('nice day!')










#  File:       05-07.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: 'sentinel-controlled' while loop
#              Calculates average score of a class
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

# initialization phase
totalScore = 0     # sum of scores
numberScores = 0   # number of scores entered

# processing phase
score = input( "Enter score, (Enter -9 to end): " )   # get one score
score = int( score )   # convert string to an integer

while score != -9: # -9 is used as a sentinel ( a lookout or sentry value )
    totalScore = totalScore + score
    numberScores = numberScores + 1
    score = input( "Enter score, (Enter -9 to end): " )  
    score = int( score )
   
# termination phase
if numberScores != 0: # division by zero would be a run-time error
   average = float( totalScore ) / numberScores
   print ("Class average is", average)
else:
   print ("No scores were entered")











#  File:       05-08.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: the counter-controlled for loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

for c in range (10):  
    print (c)


# Note: range (10) is 0 through 9









#  File:       05-09.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: the counter-controlled for loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

for c in range (5,10):  
    print (c)


# Note: range (5,10) is 5 through 9










#  File:       05-10.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: 'continue' with the for loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

for c in range (1,6):
    if c == 3:
        continue
    print (c)










#  File:       05-11.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: 'break' with the for loop
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

for c in range (1,6):
    if c == 3:
        break
    print (c)

    







#  File:       05-12.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: outputting strings and numbers
#              in a single print statement
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


d = 10
c = 75
print ('Total is: ', d, 'dollars and', c, ' cents')












#  File:       05-13.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: outputting strings and numbers
#              in a single print statement
#              using string formatting.
#  Reference:  https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


firstname = "Anne"
lastname = 'Dawson'
print("My fullname is %s %s" % (firstname,lastname))
print()

# printing decimal or integer numbers in a string
x = 20
y = 75
print('The sum of %d and %d is %d' % (x, y, x + y))
print()

# printing decimal or integer numbers in a string
x = 20
y = 75
print('The sum of %i and %i is %i' % (x, y, x + y))
print()

# printing floating point numbers in a string
x = 20.5126
y = 15.2697
print('The sum of %f and %f is %f' % (x, y, x + y))
print()

# printing floating point numbers to 2 decimal places
x = 20.512
y = 15.269
print('The sum of %0.2f and %0.2f is %0.2f' % (x, y, x + y))
print()

# printing floating point numbers to 3 decimal places
x = 20.512
y = 15.269
print('The sum of %0.3f and %0.3f is %0.3f' % (x, y, x + y))
print()

for number in range(17):
    print("The decimal number %d in hexadecimal is %x" % (number,number))








#  File:       05-14.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: how to repeat a program at the user's request
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ("This is the start of the program")
answer = 'y'
while (answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y'):
    print ("This is a statement from within the while loop")
    print ("This is another statement from within the while loop")
    answer = input("Do you want to run this program again? y/n")
print ("Goodbye!")




#  File:       05-15.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: how to use a loop within a loop
#              a nested while loop

#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ("This is the start of the program")

x = 1
while (x < 6):
    print () # prints a new line
    print ("x = " + str(x),) # the , forces printing of the next item
                             # to be on the same line 
    x = x + 1
    y = 1
    while (y < 6):
        print ("y = " + str(y),)  # the , forces printing on the same line
        y = y + 1

'''
Notice that with a loop repeating 5 times,
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
means that you can control 25 processes.
'''






        
#  File:       05-16.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: how to use a loop within a loop
#              a nested while loop

#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ("This is the start of the program")

x = 1
while (x < 6):
    print() # prints a new line
    print ("x = " + str(x)) # the , forces printing of the next item
                            # to be on the same line 
    x = x + 1
    y = 1
    while (y < 6):
        print ("y = " + str(y),) # the , forces printing on the same line
        y = y + 1
        z = 1
        while (z < 6):
            print ("z = " + str(z),) # the , forces printing on the same line
            z = z + 1
        print() # prints a new line
'''
Notice that with a loop repeating 5 times,
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
means that you can control 125 processes.
'''
        






#  File:       05-17.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: how to use a loop within a loop
#              a nested for loop

#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ("This is the start of the program")

for i in range (1,6):
    for j in range (1,6):
        print ("i: " + str(i) + " j: " + str(j) )
    print()        
'''
Notice that with a loop repeating 5 times,
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
means that you can control 25 processes.
'''
        






#  File:       05-18.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: how to use a loop within a loop
#              a nested for loop

#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ("This is the start of the program")

for i in range (1,6):
    for j in range (1,6):
        for k in range (1,6):
            print ("i: " + str(i) + " j: " + str(j) + " k: " + str(k))
    print()        
'''
Notice that with a loop repeating 5 times,
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
***within*** a loop that repeats 5 times
means that you can control 125 processes.
'''
        








#  File:       06-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: using the built-in square root function math.sqrt
#              To use any math function, you have to include the statement:
#              import math
#              in your program - usually at the top, but can be anywhere.
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

import math
print (math.sqrt(16))
print (math.sqrt(16.5))
x = 144
print (math.sqrt(x))







#  File:       06-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: using the dir function to list out the names
#              of available functions in the math module
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

import math
print (math)
print (dir(math))






#  File:       06-02B.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: showing functions which have no return statement
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def greeting():
    print("Hello")

def many_greetings(n):
    for i in range(n):
        print("Hello Again!")

def many_greetings_with_name(n,the_name):
    for i in range(n):
        print("Hello Again" + the_name + "!")  
     
greeting()
greeting()
greeting()

print() # prints a blank line

for i in range(2):
    greeting()

print() # prints a blank line

many_greetings(4)

print() # prints a blank line

x = int(input("How many greetings do you want?: "))
many_greetings_with_name(x," Anne")






#  File:       06-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: using a programmer-defined function
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

# start of function definition
def cube( y ):
    return y * y * y
# end of function definition

# prints the cube of numbers 1 to 5
for x in range(1,6):
    print (cube(x))

# the last value of x is 5 
print ("last value of x is:",x)







#  File:       06-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: using two programmer-defined functions
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def cube( y ):
    return y * y * y

def doubleIt ( z ):
 return 2 * z

print ("1 to 5 cubed")
for x in range(1,6):
    print (cube(x),)
print()
print()

print ("1 to 5 doubled")
for x in range(1,6):    
    print (doubleIt(x),)



#  File:       myFunctions.py 
#  Purpose:    two programmer-defined functions
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def cube( y ):
    return y * y * y

def doubleIt ( z ):
 return 2 * z




#  File:       06-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: importing programmer-defined functions
#              from its own module file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  IMPORTANT:  myFunctions.py should be in the same folder as this file

import myFunctions

print ("1 to 5 cubed")
for x in range(1,6):
    print (myFunctions.cube(x),)
print()
print()

print ("1 to 5 doubled"    )
for x in range(1,6):    
    print (myFunctions.doubleIt(x),)










#  File:       06-06.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: function with no return statement
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def times(x):
    for i in range(1,11):
        print ("%d x %d = %d" % (i, x, i * x))

print ("This is the 1 times tables:")
times(1)

print ("This is the 2 times tables:")
times(2)








#  File:       06-07.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a function with two return statements
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def division(x,y):
    if (y == 0):
        print ("division by zero not allowed")
        return
    else:
        print (" returning %f divided by %f " % (x, y))
        return x / y

print (" 5.0 / 2  returns:")
result = division( 5.0 , 2 )
print (result)

print (" 5.0 / 0  returns:")
result = division( 5.0 , 0 )
print (result)







#  File:       06-08.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a function with no arguments
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def greeting():
    print ("Hello out there!")

greeting()
greeting()
greeting()







#  File:       06-09.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program with a Boolean function
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def isPositive(x):
    if (x >= 0):
        return 1 # 1 is true
    else:
        return 0 # 0 is false
    
x = float(input("Enter a positive or negative number: "))
result = isPositive(x)
print (result)
print (isPositive(x))
          







#  File:       06-10.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a polymorphic function
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def doubleIt(x):
    return (2 * x)

y = 3
print (doubleIt(y))
z = "Spam "
print (doubleIt(z))

# This program works because the * operator can be used with
# numbers and with strings.  This is an example of Polymorphism.

# Poly means "many" and morph means "form"

# Polymorphism : the meaning of the operations depends on the objects
# being operated on. The * operator is said to be "overloaded"

# An overloaded operator behaves differently depending on
# the type of its operands.









#  File:       06-11.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: the scope of a variable
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

#  program demonstrating the scope of a variable
# (i.e. where it can be used)

def my_function(n):
    print("n in function: ",n)
    print("number in function: ",number)

number = 10
print("number in main program: ",number)
my_function(number)
#print(n)

# Uncomment the line above and try to run.
# You will get an error, because....
# n is not known outside of the function my_function.
# Notice however that number is known in the function
# as well as in the main program!
# We say that number has global scope, but n has local scope.
# Local scope means the variable is only available
# in the function where it is defined
# Global scope means the variable is available everywhere in the code.









#  File:       06-12.py 
#  Purpose:    Demonstrates the use of Python functions
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD                
                                                                     
                                                                     
                                             
'''
    Thanks to HW for the idea behind this program.

    Note that this is a multi-line comment which starts and ends with
    three single quote marks (')
    
    Note that functions can be defined anywhere,
    as long as they're defined before they're called.

    Note the use in this program of a simple pause function,
    to pause a program until a key is pressed.

    Note that when a function is called, all the lines in the
    function definition (def) are executed in order,
    then the program resumes at the point after the function call.

    Note that this program script starts executing at the line:
    startMessage()
    followed by the line:
    clearScreen()
    followed by the line:
    print ("Testing this program")
'''



def pause():
    input("\n\nPress any key to continue...\n\n")

def quitMessage():
    print ("Thank you for using this program")
    print ("Goodbye")
    
def printThreeLines():
    for i in range(1,4):
        print ('this is line ' + str(i))

def printNineLines():
    for i in range(1,4):
        printThreeLines()

def startMessage():
    print ("This program demonstrates the use of Python functions")
    pause()
    
def blank_Line():
    print()
    
def clearScreen():
    for i in range(1,26):
        blank_Line()



startMessage()
clearScreen()
print ("Testing this program")
printNineLines()
pause()
clearScreen()
printNineLines()
blank_Line()
printNineLines()
pause()
clearScreen()
quitMessage()























#  File:       07-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: creating and using a Python list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

result = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
print (result)
result[0]  =  75
result[1]  =  90
result[4]  =  72
print (result)
print (result[0])
print (result[1])
print (result[2])
print (result[3])
print (result[4])
print (result[5])
print (result[6])
print (result[7])










#  File:       07-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: creating and printing an empty list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = []
print (list1)

# the following statement would generate an error
#print (list1[0])













#  File:       07-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: appending to an empty list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = []
print (list1)
list1.append(67)
print (list1[0])
list1.append("spam")
print (list1)
print (list1[0])
print (list1[1])
# the following statement would generate an out-of-range error
#print (list1[2])










#  File:       07-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a list of lists
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [1,2,3]
print (list1)
list2 = [4,5,6]
print (list2)
list3=[list1,list2]
print (list3)
print (list3[0])
print (list3[1])








#  File:       07-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: accessing the last item in a list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10]
print (list1)
print (list1[0])
print (list1[1])
print (list1[-1])
print (list1[-2])





#  File:       07-06.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: deleting items from a list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
print (list1)
del list1[0]
del list1[-1]
print (list1)





#  File:       07-07.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: repeating lists
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [1,2,3]
print (list1)
print (list1 * 3)
print (list1)
list1 = list1 * 2
print (list1)









#  File:       07-08.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: concatenating lists
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [1,2,3]
print (list1)
list2 = [4,5,6]
print (list2)
list1 = list1 + list2
print (list1)
list1 = list1 + list1
print (list1)







#  File:       07-09.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: ist indexing
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = ["Anne", "Dawson", 666]
print (list1[0], list1[2])







#  File:       07-10.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: list indexing
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20] 
print (list1[0:1],list1[5:7])








#  File:       07-11.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: finding the length of a list 
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = ["Anne","was",'here','testing',1,2,3] 
list2 = [1,2,3,4]
list3 = []
print (len(list1), len(list2), len(list3))









#  File:       07-12.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: list iteration
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list2 = [1,2,3,"Spam",4,5] 
for i in list2:
    print (i, end=" ")










#  File:       07-13.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: list membership
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list2 = [1,2,3,"Spam",4,5] 
print ("Spam" in list2)







#  File:       07-14.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a selection of list methods
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list2 = ["B","C","A"]
print (list2)
list2.extend(["X","Y"]) # extends the list
print (list2)
list2.pop() # removes last item from the list
print (list2)
list2.pop()
print (list2)
list2.reverse() # reverses the order of the items in the list
print (list2)
list2.append("S")
print (list2)
list2.sort() # sorts the list into ascending order
print (list2)
list2.reverse() # reverses the order of the items in the list
print (list2)






#  File:       07-15.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a 2D list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

tictactoe = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
print (tictactoe[0])
print (tictactoe[1])
print (tictactoe[2])
print()

row = 1
column = 0
print ("row " + str(row) + " column " + str(column) + " has value")
print (tictactoe[row][column])

row = 2
column = 2
print ("row " + str(row) + " column " + str(column) + " has value")
print (tictactoe[row][column])

print()
print()
tictactoe[2][2] = 0
print ("After changing the value at row 2 and column 2 to 0: ")
print()
print (tictactoe[0])
print (tictactoe[1])
print (tictactoe[2])






#  File:       07-16.py 
#  Purpose:    Differences in range() with Python 2 and Python 3
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
# The range() function works differently in Python 2 and Python 3.
# In Python 2, the range function returns a list,
# which may take up a large amount of memory, depending on the size and nature of the list.
# In Python 3, the range function will always take the same (small) amount of memory,
# no matter the size of the range it represents
# as it only stores the start, stop and step values,
# calculating individual items and subranges as needed.

# See: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#the-range-function
# and for much more detail, see:
# See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html?highlight=range#range

# You can always convert a range to a list by using the list function,
# as shown in the following code.

# Anne Dawson, Tuesday 14th December 2021, 13:15 PT
# Example run follows:

'''
>>>
range(0, 10)
<class 'range'>
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
<class 'list'>
>>>
'''

x = range(10)
print(x)
print(type(x))
x = list(range(10))
print(x)
print(type(x))




#  File:       08-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: strings
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print ('Anne was here')
print ("9396633")

# Note that you can print a string over several lines
# if you contain it within triple quotes marks:

print ('''Anne was here 
     on Tuesday 
     17th February 2023''')






#  File:       08-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: using an apostrophe within a string
#              and using double quote marks within a string
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print ("This is Anne's spam")
print ("This is Anne's spam and these are Jake's eggs" )

# You can also print a " within a string enclosed in single quotes:

print ('Here is a double quote ", and "more"')







#  File:       08-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: multiplying numbers and
#                       multiplying strings
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print (3 * 4)
print (30 * 4)
print ("3" * 4)
print ("30" * 4)







#  File:       08-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: string concatenation
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

print ("Anne " + "was " + ("here " * 3))










#  File:       08-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: string indexing
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

s1 = "Anne Dawson" 
print (s1[0],s1[5])








#  File:       08-06.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: string slicing
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

s1 = "Anne Dawson" 
print (s1[0:1],s1[5:7])
print (s1[6:9])










#  File:       08-07.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: finding the length of a string
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

s1 = "Anne" 
s2 = "Dawson"
s3 = ""
print (len(s1),end=" ") 
print (len(s2),end=" ") 
print (len(s3))










#  File:       08-08.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: the %s string formatting code
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


print ('Python is a %s language.' % 'great')








#  File:       08-09.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: finding a string within a string
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


s1 = 'spamandeggs'
x = s1.find('and')
print (x)







#  File:       08-10.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: finding a string within a string
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


s1 = 'spam and eggs'
s1.replace('and','without')
print (s1)
# the above shows that strings are immutable (cannot change)

s2 = s1.replace('and','without')
print (s2)








#  File:       08-11.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: escape sequences within a string 
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


s = 'one\ntwo\tthree'
print (s)







#  File:       08-12.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: an escape sequence counts as one character
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


s = 'one\ntwo\tthree'
print (s)
print (len(s))









#  File:       08-13.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: iteration and membership with strings
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


s = 'Anne was here'
for c in s:
	  print (c, end=" ")
print ('w' in s, end=" ")
print (' ' in s, end=" ")
print ('x' in s)









# 08-14.py
# Anne Dawson
# Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
# Demonstration of printing Unicode characters
# For explanation, see:
# http://www.network-theory.co.uk/docs/pytut/tut_17.html
# For character charts go to:
# https://www.unicode.org/Public/10.0.0/charts/CodeCharts.pdf
# BEST VIEWED USING FIREFOX BROWSER!
# \u2588 is a Full Block which can be used to build up a solid square 
str1 = "Hello\u2588out there" # solid block within text
print (str1)
str1 = '\u2588\u2588' #two full block characters
print (str1)
print()
print()
print ("two lines of two full blocks")
print (str1)
print (str1)
print()
print()
# Note: a space is \u0020
print ('two lines of two full blocks, two spaces, two full blocks:')
str1 = '\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588'
print (str1)
print (str1)
print()
print()
print ('two lines of two full blocks, the number 17 and two full blocks:')
str1 = '\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u0020\u0020' + '17' + '\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588'
print (str1)
str1 = '\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588'
print (str1)













#  File:       09-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which uses a file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

file1 = open('C:\\temp\\file1.txt','r')
# the line above opens C:\temp\file1.txt for reading
string = file1.readline()
print (string)











#  File:       09-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which uses a file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

file1 = open("C:\\temp\\tester2.txt","w")
print (file1) # prints out details about the file
file1.write("Today is Monday\n") 
file1.write("Tomorrow is Tuesday")
file1.close()










#  File:       09-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which uses a file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

file2 = open("C:\\temp\\tester2.txt","r")
print (file2) # prints out details about the file
string1 = file2.read()
print (string1)
file2.close()
file2 = open("C:\\temp\\tester2.txt","r")
string1 = file2.read(5)
print (string1)
string1 = file2.read(5)
print (string1)
string1 = file2.read(5)
print (string1)
file2.close()














#  File:       09-04.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which uses a file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def copyFile(oldFile, newFile): 
  f1 = open(oldFile, "r") 
  f2 = open(newFile, "w") 
  while 1: 
    text = f1.read(50) 
    if text == "": 
      break 
    f2.write(text) 
  f1.close() 
  f2.close() 
  return 

filecopy = "C:\\temp\\tester2copy.txt" #this file will be created
fileold = "C:\\temp\\tester2.txt" # existing file
copyFile(fileold, filecopy)












#  File:       09-05.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which uses a file
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

filename = input('Enter a file name: ') 
try: 
  f = open (filename, "r") 
except: 
  print ('There is no file named', filename )



















#  File:       10-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: sequential search of a list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD


list1 = [11,27,36,44,51,22,65,1,78]
numbertofind = int(input("Enter a number\n"))
found = 0
for i in list1:
    if numbertofind == i:
        print (numbertofind, " at index: ",list1.index(numbertofind))
        found = 1
if found == 0:
    print ("Number not found")














#  File:       10-02.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: sequential search of a list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

mylist = [10,11,3,4,55,12,23,14,16]
n = len(mylist)
print (n)
for i in range(n):
    print (mylist[i], end=" ")
search = int(input("\nPlease enter a number to search for: "))
print (search)
found = False
for i in range(n):
    if mylist[i] == search:
        found = True
        index = i
print()
if found == True:
    print (str(search) + " found at index " + str(index))
else:
    print (str(search) + " not found")












#  File:       10-03.py 
#  Purpose:    Sequential (also known as linear) search
#              Checking the number of steps to find the target
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

list1 = [11,27,36,44,51,22,65,1,78]
numbertofind = int(input("Enter a number\n"))
found = 0
steps = 0
for i in list1:
  steps = steps + 1
  if numbertofind == i:
     print (numbertofind, " at index: ",list1.index(numbertofind))
     found = 1
  if found == 1:
    break
if found == 0:
  print ("Number not found")
print("Steps taken to find the number: ",steps)













#  File:       10-04.py     binarysearch.py
#  Programmer:  Anne Dawson
#  Date: Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  Python 3

def binarysearch(mylist,target):
    left = 0
    right = len(mylist)
    while (left < right-1):
        mid = int((right+left)/2)
        number_at_mid = mylist[mid]
        if (target == number_at_mid):
            return True
        if (target < number_at_mid):
            right = mid
        else:
            left = mid
        if (left >= right):
            return False
        if ( (left == (right-1)) and (mylist[left] == target) ):
            return True
    return False
        
n = int(input("Enter number of numbers to input: "))
count = 0
mylist = []
while (count < n):
    count = count + 1
    x = int(input("Enter value for number " + str(count) + ": "))
    mylist.append(x)
print (mylist)
mylist.sort()
print (mylist)
 
repeat = "y"
while (repeat == "y" or repeat == "Y"):
    mytarget = int(input("Enter number to find: "))
    if binarysearch(mylist,mytarget):
        print ("Found!")
    else:
        print ("NOT Found!")
    repeat = input("Another search? (y/n)")
print ("\n\nThank you for using this program")













#  File:       10-05.py     binarysearch.py
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  Purpose:    Binary search -
#              checking the number of steps to find the target


def binarysearch(mylist,target):
    left = 0
    right = len(mylist)
    steps = 0
    while (left < right-1):
        steps = steps + 1
        mid = int((right+left)/2)
        number_at_mid = mylist[mid]
        print("Steps taken to find the number: ",steps)
        if (target == number_at_mid):
            return True
        if (target < number_at_mid):
            right = mid
        else:
            left = mid
        if (left >= right):
            return False
        if ( (left == (right-1)) and (mylist[left] == target) ):
            return True
    
    return False
    
mylist = [11,27,36,44,51,22,65,1,78]
print (mylist)
mylist.sort()
print (mylist)
 
repeat = "y"
while (repeat == "y" or repeat == "Y"):
    mytarget = int(input("Enter number to find: "))
    if binarysearch(mylist,mytarget):
        print ("Found!")
    else:
        print ("NOT Found!")
    repeat = input("Another search? (y/n)")
print ("\n\nThank you for using this program")













# File:       10-06.py   biglist.py
# Programmer: Anne Dawson
# Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
# Purpose:    to create a list of 10,000 unique random integers
#             in the range 1 through 20,000
import random
numberslist = []
number = 0
while number < 10000:
   value = random.randint(1,20000)
   if not(value in numberslist):
      numberslist.append(value)
      number = number + 1
print(numberslist)











#  File:       10-07.py   bubblesort.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which demonstrates a bubble sort on
#              a list of 10 random integers
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

import random

# define the bubble sort function
def sort(values):
   length = len(values)
   for time in range(0, length-1):
      for position in range(0, (length-time-1)):
         if values[position] > values[position+1]:
            temp = values[position]
            values[position] = values[position+1]
            values[position+1] = temp

# generate a list of ten random numbers
numbers = []
number = 0
while number < 10:
   value = random.randint(1,100)
   if not(value in numbers):
      numbers.append(value)
      number = number + 1

# show unsorted list, sort the list, and show sorted list
print ("Before:", numbers)
sort(numbers)
print ("After :", numbers)













#  File:       10-08.py   bubblesort.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a program which demonstrates a bubble sort on
#              a list of 10 random integers, 
#              counting the steps taken to sort the list
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

import random
# define the bubble sort function
def sort(values):
   steps = 0
   length = len(values)
   for time in range(0, length-1):
      for position in range(0, (length-time-1)):
         if values[position] > values[position+1]:
            temp = values[position]
            values[position] = values[position+1]
            values[position+1] = temp
            steps = steps + 1
   print("Steps taken to sort the list: ",steps)
# generate a list of ten random numbers
numbers = []
number = 0
while number < 10:
   value = random.randint(1,100)
   if not(value in numbers):
      numbers.append(value)
      number = number + 1
# show unsorted list, sort the list, and show sorted list
print ("Before:", numbers)
sort(numbers)
print ("After :", numbers)













#  File:       12-01.py 
#  Purpose:    Example: a recursive function
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD

def factorial(n): 
  if n == 0: 
    return 1 
  else: 
    return n * factorial(n-1) 

print (" 5! has a value of: ",)
result = factorial(5)
print (result)

print (" 4! has a value of:",)
result = factorial(4)
print (result)










#  File:       13-01.py
#  Purpose:    OOP Example: How to create objects of the Person class
#              and how to inspect the state of those objects.
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  References: https://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Intro_OOP.odp
#              https://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Prog_OOP.odp

class Person():
    '''Instantiates a Person object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._firstname = first_name
        self._lastname = last_name

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Person object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname

print(Person.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the class
person1 = Person("Anne","Dawson")
person2 = Person("Tom","Lee")
print(person1)
print(person2)










#  File:       13-02.py
#  Purpose:    OOP Example: How to use accessor methods
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  References: http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Intro_OOP.odp
#              http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Prog_OOP.odp

class Person():
    '''Instantiates a Person object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._firstname = first_name
        self._lastname = last_name

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Person object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname

    def getFirstname(self):   # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _firstname. '''
        return self._firstname

    def getLastname(self):    # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _lastname. '''
        return self._lastname 

print(Person.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the class
person1 = Person("Anne","Dawson")
person2 = Person("Tom","Lee")
print(person1)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person1 object
print(person2)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person2 object
print(Person.getFirstname.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the getFirstname method
print(person1.getFirstname())
print(person1.getLastname())
print(person2.getFirstname())
print(person2.getLastname())













#  File:       13-03.py
#  Purpose:    OOP Example: How to use accessor and mutator methods
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  References: http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Intro_OOP.odp
#              http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Prog_OOP.odp

class Person():
    '''Instantiates a Person object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._firstname = first_name
        self._lastname = last_name

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Person object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname

    def getFirstname(self):   # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _firstname. '''
        return self._firstname

    def getLastname(self):    # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _lastname. '''
        return self._lastname

    def setFirstname(self,newFirstname):    # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _firstname. '''
        self._firstname = newFirstname

    def setLastname(self,newLastname):    # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _lastname. '''
        self._lastname = newLastname
 

print(Person.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the class
person1 = Person("Anne","Dawson")
person2 = Person("Tom","Lee")
print(person1)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person1 object
print(person2)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person2 object
print(Person.getFirstname.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the getFirstname method
print(person1.getFirstname())
print(person1.getLastname())
print(person2.getFirstname())
print(person2.getLastname())
person1.setFirstname("Annie")
print(person1.getFirstname())








#  File:       13-04.py
#  Purpose:    OOP Example: How to use accessor, mutator and regular methods
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  References: http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Intro_OOP.odp
#              http://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Prog_OOP.odp

class Person():
    '''Instantiates a Person object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._firstname = first_name
        self._lastname = last_name

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Person object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname

    def getFirstname(self):   # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _firstname. '''
        return self._firstname

    def getLastname(self):    # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _lastname. '''
        return self._lastname

    def setFirstname(self,newFirstname): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _firstname. '''
        self._firstname = newFirstname

    def setLastname(self,newLastname): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _lastname. '''
        self._lastname = newLastname

    def reverseName(self):    # method
        '''Reverses the full name   '''
        return self._lastname + " " + self._firstname

print(Person.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the class
person1 = Person("Anne","Dawson")
person2 = Person("Tom","Lee")
print(person1)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person1 object
print(person2)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person2 object
print(Person.getFirstname.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the getFirstname method
print(person1.getFirstname())
print(person1.getLastname())
print(person2.getFirstname())
print(person2.getLastname())
person1.setFirstname("Annie")
print(person1.getFirstname())
print(person1.reverseName())









#  File:       13-05.py 
#  Purpose:    OOP Example: Student class inherits from Person class
#  Programmer: Anne Dawson
#  Date:       Friday 17th February 2023, 5:15 PT, AD
#  References: https://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Intro_OOP.odp
#              https://www.annedawson.net/Python3_Prog_OOP.odp

class Person():
    '''Instantiates a Person object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._firstname = first_name
        self._lastname = last_name

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Person object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname

    def getFirstname(self):   # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _firstname. '''
        return self._firstname

    def getLastname(self):    # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _lastname. '''
        return self._lastname

    def setFirstname(self,newFirstname): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _firstname. '''
        self._firstname = newFirstname

    def setLastname(self,newLastname): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _lastname. '''
        self._lastname = newLastname

    def reverseName(self):    # method
        '''Reverses the full name   '''
        return self._lastname + " " + self._firstname

class Student(Person):
    '''Instantiates a Student object with given name. '''
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, student_number=0, G_P_A=0):
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname, _lastname, _SN and _GPA. '''
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name) # import base's parameters
        '''Initializes private instance variables _firstname and _lastname. '''
        self._SN = student_number
        self._GPA = G_P_A

    def __str__(self):
        '''Returns the state of the Student object. '''
        return self._firstname + " " + self._lastname + " " + str(self._SN) + " " + str(self._GPA)

    def getSN(self):   # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _SN. '''
        return self._SN

    def getGPA(self):    # accessor method
        '''Returns the instance variable _GPA. '''
        return self._GPA

    def setSN(self,newSN): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _SN. '''
        self._SN = newSN

    def setGPA(self,newGPA): # mutator method
        '''Assign a value to the instance variable _GPA. '''
        self._GPA = newGPA

    def reverseName(self):    # method
        '''Reverses the full name   '''
        return self._lastname + " " + self._firstname + " " + str(self._GPA)

    
print(Student.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the class
student1 = Student("Carol","Wong")
student2 = Student("Bill","Wang")
print(student1)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person1 object
print(student2)  # calls the __str__ method implicitly on person2 object
print(Student.getFirstname.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the getFirstname method
print(Student.getGPA.__doc__) # prints the docstring for the getGPA method
print(student1.getFirstname())
print(student1.getLastname())
print(student2.getFirstname())
print(student2.getLastname())
student1.setFirstname("Louisa")
print(student1.getFirstname())
print(student1.reverseName()) # The reverseName method of the Student class
                              # overrides the same method of the Parent class.
                              # This is an example of polymorphism