CHORE: update CHANGELOG for v0.17.0

[pyansys-ci-bot]

Update CHANGELOG for v0.17.0 and remove .md files in doc/changelog.d.

Caution

Do not merge this pull request until the release has been successfully made.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 85.23%. Comparing base (0a0c6c7) to head (f98e747).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6192      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   85.25%   85.23%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         170      170              
  Lines       64119    64119              
==========================================
- Hits        54663    54654       -9     
- Misses       9456     9465       +9     

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