CHORE: update CHANGELOG for v0.17.1

[pyansys-ci-bot]

Update CHANGELOG for v0.17.1 and remove .md files in doc/changelog.d.

Caution

Do not merge this pull request until the release has been successfully made.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 85.22%. Comparing base (0760ca1) to head (3c339ed).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #6245   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   85.21%   85.22%           
=======================================
  Files         170      170           
  Lines       64329    64329           
=======================================
+ Hits        54820    54826    +6     
+ Misses       9509     9503    -6     

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