feat: enhance error handling with color support and additional notes in exceptions.

[germa89]

Description

As the title and adding stdout and stderr attributes in MapdlDidntstart exception.
Also refactor by removing unnecesary code.

Issue linked

NA

Checklist

• I have visited and read Develop PyMAPDL.
• I have tested my changes locally
• I have added necessary documentation or updated existing documentation.
• I have followed the PyMAPDL coding style guidelines.
• I have added appropriate unit tests that also ensure the minimal coverage criteria.
• I have reviewed my changes before submitting this pull request.
• I have linked the issue or issues that are solved to the PR if any.
• I have assigned this PR to myself.
• I have marked this PR as draft if it is not ready to be reviewed yet.
• I have made sure that the title of my PR follows Commit naming conventions (e.g. feat: adding new MAPDL command)

Summary by Sourcery

Enhance exception handling with ANSI color support, additional notes and output details, and streamline exception class definitions

New Features:

• Add ANSI color support for error, warning, info, and notes in exception messages
• Allow an optional notes field in MapdlException and its subclasses
• Include process stdout and stderr in MapdlDidNotStart exceptions

Enhancements:

• Remove redundant init methods in exception subclasses
• Use functools.cache for terminal color support detection
• Enforce argument types and raise a TypeError in retrieve_mapdl_from_args
• Refactor imports and type hints with TYPE_CHECKING for gRPC mapping

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[sourcery-ai]

Hey @germa89 - I've reviewed your changes - here's some feedback:

• Refactor color_text to accept a bcolors enum (or validate string keys) instead of raw strings to prevent KeyError at runtime.
• DRY up the duplicated str logic by having MapdlDidNotStart call super().str and then append its additional stdout/stderr/notes instead of reimplementing the entire method.
• In retrieve_mapdl_from_args, prefer using isinstance checks or a shared protocol rather than matching on class.name for more reliable type detection.

Here's what I looked at during the review

• 🟡 General issues: 3 issues found
• 🟢 Security: all looks good
• 🟢 Testing: all looks good
• 🟢 Documentation: all looks good

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 92.30769% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 88.30%. Comparing base (5606ec3) to head (6c49771).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3964      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.28%   88.30%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         187      187              
  Lines       14906    14935      +29     
==========================================
+ Hits        13160    13189      +29     
  Misses       1746     1746              

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[germa89]

@pyansys-ci-bot LGTM.

[pyansys-ci-bot]

✅ Approving this PR because germa89 said so in here 😬