diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e82b03baed..9ac6cd5be0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ We don't recommend using this style in general usages, as there are shared optio
 ```js
 // eslint.config.js
 import {
+  combine,
   comments,
   ignores,
   imports,
@@ -240,21 +241,21 @@ import {
   yaml,
 } from '@antfu/eslint-config'
 
-export default [
-  ...ignores(),
-  ...javascript(/* Options */),
-  ...comments(),
-  ...node(),
-  ...jsdoc(),
-  ...imports(),
-  ...unicorn(),
-  ...typescript(/* Options */),
-  ...stylistic(),
-  ...vue(),
-  ...jsonc(),
-  ...yaml(),
-  ...markdown(),
-]
+export default combine(
+  ignores(),
+  javascript(/* Options */),
+  comments(),
+  node(),
+  jsdoc(),
+  imports(),
+  unicorn(),
+  typescript(/* Options */),
+  stylistic(),
+  vue(),
+  jsonc(),
+  yaml(),
+  markdown(),
+)
 ```
 
 </details>
diff --git a/src/configs/comments.ts b/src/configs/comments.ts
index bc88abbeb0..a56283698e 100644
--- a/src/configs/comments.ts
+++ b/src/configs/comments.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 import { pluginComments } from '../plugins'
 
-export function comments(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function comments(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:eslint-comments',
diff --git a/src/configs/ignores.ts b/src/configs/ignores.ts
index 7f3f77a8ea..ec83734a47 100644
--- a/src/configs/ignores.ts
+++ b/src/configs/ignores.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_EXCLUDE } from '../globs'
 
-export function ignores(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function ignores(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       ignores: GLOB_EXCLUDE,
diff --git a/src/configs/imports.ts b/src/configs/imports.ts
index c86dd6c7d7..80ffdaec64 100644
--- a/src/configs/imports.ts
+++ b/src/configs/imports.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
 import { pluginAntfu, pluginImport } from '../plugins'
 
-export function imports(options: OptionsStylistic = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function imports(options: OptionsStylistic = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     stylistic = true,
   } = options
diff --git a/src/configs/javascript.ts b/src/configs/javascript.ts
index c718b98e8c..ada312cecd 100644
--- a/src/configs/javascript.ts
+++ b/src/configs/javascript.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 import globals from 'globals'
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsIsInEditor, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsIsInEditor, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
 import { pluginAntfu, pluginUnusedImports } from '../plugins'
 import { GLOB_SRC, GLOB_SRC_EXT } from '../globs'
 
-export function javascript(options: OptionsIsInEditor & OptionsOverrides = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function javascript(
+  options: OptionsIsInEditor & OptionsOverrides = {},
+): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     isInEditor = false,
     overrides = {},
   } = options
-
   return [
     {
       languageOptions: {
diff --git a/src/configs/jsdoc.ts b/src/configs/jsdoc.ts
index 06706be44b..bdd4bf7a07 100644
--- a/src/configs/jsdoc.ts
+++ b/src/configs/jsdoc.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
-import { pluginJsdoc } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from 'src'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
 
-export function jsdoc(options: OptionsStylistic = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function jsdoc(options: OptionsStylistic = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     stylistic = true,
   } = options
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ export function jsdoc(options: OptionsStylistic = {}): ConfigItem[] {
     {
       name: 'antfu:jsdoc',
       plugins: {
-        jsdoc: pluginJsdoc,
+        // @ts-expect-error missing types
+        jsdoc: await interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-jsdoc')),
       },
       rules: {
         'jsdoc/check-access': 'warn',
diff --git a/src/configs/jsonc.ts b/src/configs/jsonc.ts
index dcf5dd50f9..30eb29cc9c 100644
--- a/src/configs/jsonc.ts
+++ b/src/configs/jsonc.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_JSON, GLOB_JSON5, GLOB_JSONC } from '../globs'
-import { parserJsonc, pluginJsonc } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from '../utils'
 
-export function jsonc(options: OptionsStylistic & OptionsOverrides = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function jsonc(options: OptionsStylistic & OptionsOverrides = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     overrides = {},
     stylistic = true,
@@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ export function jsonc(options: OptionsStylistic & OptionsOverrides = {}): Config
     indent = 2,
   } = typeof stylistic === 'boolean' ? {} : stylistic
 
+  const [
+    pluginJsonc,
+    parserJsonc,
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-jsonc')),
+    interopDefault(import('jsonc-eslint-parser')),
+  ] as const)
+
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:jsonc:setup',
diff --git a/src/configs/markdown.ts b/src/configs/markdown.ts
index 54dcaf06e0..47d810cdeb 100644
--- a/src/configs/markdown.ts
+++ b/src/configs/markdown.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsComponentExts, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsComponentExts, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_MARKDOWN, GLOB_MARKDOWN_CODE } from '../globs'
-import { pluginMarkdown } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from '../utils'
 
-export function markdown(options: OptionsComponentExts & OptionsOverrides = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function markdown(options: OptionsComponentExts & OptionsOverrides = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     componentExts = [],
     overrides = {},
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ export function markdown(options: OptionsComponentExts & OptionsOverrides = {}):
     {
       name: 'antfu:markdown:setup',
       plugins: {
-        markdown: pluginMarkdown,
+        // @ts-expect-error missing types
+        markdown: await interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-markdown')),
       },
     },
     {
diff --git a/src/configs/node.ts b/src/configs/node.ts
index 505ed62b01..17438242c3 100644
--- a/src/configs/node.ts
+++ b/src/configs/node.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 import { pluginNode } from '../plugins'
 
-export function node(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function node(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:node',
diff --git a/src/configs/perfectionist.ts b/src/configs/perfectionist.ts
index c4c7483e1f..9722d45fad 100644
--- a/src/configs/perfectionist.ts
+++ b/src/configs/perfectionist.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 import { pluginPerfectionist } from '../plugins'
 
 /**
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { pluginPerfectionist } from '../plugins'
  *
  * @see https://github.com/azat-io/eslint-plugin-perfectionist
  */
-export function perfectionist(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function perfectionist(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:perfectionist',
diff --git a/src/configs/sort.ts b/src/configs/sort.ts
index adbed8ead8..d0dd3c854b 100644
--- a/src/configs/sort.ts
+++ b/src/configs/sort.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 
 /**
  * Sort package.json
  *
  * Requires `jsonc` config
  */
-export function sortPackageJson(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function sortPackageJson(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       files: ['**/package.json'],
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ export function sortPackageJson(): ConfigItem[] {
  * Requires `jsonc` config
  */
 
-export function sortTsconfig(): ConfigItem[] {
+export function sortTsconfig(): FlatConfigItem[] {
   return [
     {
       files: ['**/tsconfig.json', '**/tsconfig.*.json'],
diff --git a/src/configs/stylistic.ts b/src/configs/stylistic.ts
index e3535e3b6a..48eba9fde9 100644
--- a/src/configs/stylistic.ts
+++ b/src/configs/stylistic.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, StylisticConfig } from '../types'
-import { pluginAntfu, pluginStylistic } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from 'src'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, StylisticConfig } from '../types'
+import { pluginAntfu } from '../plugins'
 
-export function stylistic(options: StylisticConfig = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function stylistic(options: StylisticConfig = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     indent = 2,
     jsx = true,
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ export function stylistic(options: StylisticConfig = {}): ConfigItem[] {
     semi = false,
   } = options
 
+  const pluginStylistic = await interopDefault(import('@stylistic/eslint-plugin'))
+
   const config = pluginStylistic.configs.customize({
     flat: true,
     indent,
diff --git a/src/configs/test.ts b/src/configs/test.ts
index b89b5f92fc..f8573ad872 100644
--- a/src/configs/test.ts
+++ b/src/configs/test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsIsInEditor, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
-import { pluginNoOnlyTests, pluginVitest } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from 'src'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsIsInEditor, OptionsOverrides } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_TESTS } from '../globs'
 
-export function test(options: OptionsIsInEditor & OptionsOverrides = {}): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function test(options: OptionsIsInEditor & OptionsOverrides = {}): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     isInEditor = false,
     overrides = {},
   } = options
 
+  const [
+    pluginVitest,
+    pluginNoOnlyTests,
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-vitest')),
+    // @ts-expect-error missing types
+    interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-no-only-tests')),
+  ] as const)
+
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:test:setup',
diff --git a/src/configs/typescript.ts b/src/configs/typescript.ts
index 65f37dc845..ad9b0c3958 100644
--- a/src/configs/typescript.ts
+++ b/src/configs/typescript.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 import process from 'node:process'
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsComponentExts, OptionsOverrides, OptionsTypeScriptParserOptions, OptionsTypeScriptWithTypes } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsComponentExts, OptionsOverrides, OptionsTypeScriptParserOptions, OptionsTypeScriptWithTypes } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_SRC } from '../globs'
-import { parserTs, pluginAntfu, pluginImport, pluginTs } from '../plugins'
-import { renameRules, toArray } from '../utils'
+import { pluginAntfu } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault, renameRules, toArray } from '../utils'
 
-export function typescript(
+export async function typescript(
   options?: OptionsComponentExts & OptionsOverrides & OptionsTypeScriptWithTypes & OptionsTypeScriptParserOptions,
-): ConfigItem[] {
+): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     componentExts = [],
     overrides = {},
     parserOptions = {},
   } = options ?? {}
 
-  const typeAwareRules: ConfigItem['rules'] = {
+  const typeAwareRules: FlatConfigItem['rules'] = {
     'dot-notation': 'off',
     'no-implied-eval': 'off',
     'no-throw-literal': 'off',
@@ -39,13 +39,20 @@ export function typescript(
     ? toArray(options.tsconfigPath)
     : undefined
 
+  const [
+    pluginTs,
+    parserTs,
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    interopDefault(import('@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin')),
+    interopDefault(import('@typescript-eslint/parser')),
+  ] as const)
+
   return [
     {
       // Install the plugins without globs, so they can be configured separately.
       name: 'antfu:typescript:setup',
       plugins: {
         antfu: pluginAntfu,
-        import: pluginImport,
         ts: pluginTs as any,
       },
     },
diff --git a/src/configs/unicorn.ts b/src/configs/unicorn.ts
index b03dacab9c..3481ad2458 100644
--- a/src/configs/unicorn.ts
+++ b/src/configs/unicorn.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem } from '../types'
 import { pluginUnicorn } from '../plugins'
 
-export function unicorn(): ConfigItem[] {
+export async function unicorn(): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:unicorn',
diff --git a/src/configs/vue.ts b/src/configs/vue.ts
index 7a8f587b00..1568a8807e 100644
--- a/src/configs/vue.ts
+++ b/src/configs/vue.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsHasTypeScript, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
+import { interopDefault } from 'src'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsHasTypeScript, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_VUE } from '../globs'
-import { parserTs, parserVue, pluginVue } from '../plugins'
 
-export function vue(
+export async function vue(
   options: OptionsHasTypeScript & OptionsOverrides & OptionsStylistic = {},
-): ConfigItem[] {
+): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     overrides = {},
     stylistic = true,
@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@ export function vue(
     indent = 2,
   } = typeof stylistic === 'boolean' ? {} : stylistic
 
+  const [
+    pluginVue,
+    parserVue,
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    // @ts-expect-error missing types
+    interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-vue')),
+    interopDefault(import('vue-eslint-parser')),
+  ] as const)
+
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:vue:setup',
@@ -30,7 +39,9 @@ export function vue(
             jsx: true,
           },
           extraFileExtensions: ['.vue'],
-          parser: options.typescript ? parserTs as any : null,
+          parser: options.typescript
+            ? await interopDefault(import('@typescript-eslint/parser')) as any
+            : null,
           sourceType: 'module',
         },
       },
diff --git a/src/configs/yaml.ts b/src/configs/yaml.ts
index dfb431c4cd..e15c0c7b11 100644
--- a/src/configs/yaml.ts
+++ b/src/configs/yaml.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsOverrides, OptionsStylistic } from '../types'
 import { GLOB_YAML } from '../globs'
-import { parserYaml, pluginYaml } from '../plugins'
+import { interopDefault } from '../utils'
 
-export function yaml(
+export async function yaml(
   options: OptionsOverrides & OptionsStylistic = {},
-): ConfigItem[] {
+): Promise<FlatConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     overrides = {},
     stylistic = true,
@@ -15,11 +15,19 @@ export function yaml(
     quotes = 'single',
   } = typeof stylistic === 'boolean' ? {} : stylistic
 
+  const [
+    pluginYaml,
+    parserYaml,
+  ] = await Promise.all([
+    interopDefault(import('eslint-plugin-yml')),
+    interopDefault(import('yaml-eslint-parser')),
+  ] as const)
+
   return [
     {
       name: 'antfu:yaml:setup',
       plugins: {
-        yaml: pluginYaml as any,
+        yaml: pluginYaml,
       },
     },
     {
diff --git a/src/factory.ts b/src/factory.ts
index e27680b14c..8951e51116 100644
--- a/src/factory.ts
+++ b/src/factory.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import process from 'node:process'
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 import { isPackageExists } from 'local-pkg'
-import gitignore from 'eslint-config-flat-gitignore'
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsConfig } from './types'
+import type { Awaitable, FlatConfigItem, OptionsConfig, UserConfigItem } from './types'
 import {
   comments,
   ignores,
@@ -22,9 +21,9 @@ import {
   vue,
   yaml,
 } from './configs'
-import { combine } from './utils'
+import { combine, interopDefault } from './utils'
 
-const flatConfigProps: (keyof ConfigItem)[] = [
+const flatConfigProps: (keyof FlatConfigItem)[] = [
   'files',
   'ignores',
   'languageOptions',
@@ -45,7 +44,10 @@ const VuePackages = [
 /**
  * Construct an array of ESLint flat config items.
  */
-export function antfu(options: OptionsConfig & ConfigItem = {}, ...userConfigs: (ConfigItem | ConfigItem[])[]) {
+export async function antfu(
+  options: OptionsConfig & FlatConfigItem = {},
+  ...userConfigs: Awaitable<UserConfigItem | UserConfigItem[]>[]
+): Promise<UserConfigItem[]> {
   const {
     componentExts = [],
     gitignore: enableGitignore = true,
@@ -63,15 +65,15 @@ export function antfu(options: OptionsConfig & ConfigItem = {}, ...userConfigs:
   if (stylisticOptions && !('jsx' in stylisticOptions))
     stylisticOptions.jsx = options.jsx ?? true
 
-  const configs: ConfigItem[][] = []
+  const configs: Awaitable<FlatConfigItem[]>[] = []
 
   if (enableGitignore) {
     if (typeof enableGitignore !== 'boolean') {
-      configs.push([gitignore(enableGitignore)])
+      configs.push(interopDefault(import('eslint-config-flat-gitignore')).then(r => [r(enableGitignore)]))
     }
     else {
       if (fs.existsSync('.gitignore'))
-        configs.push([gitignore()])
+        configs.push(interopDefault(import('eslint-config-flat-gitignore')).then(r => [r()]))
     }
   }
 
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ export function antfu(options: OptionsConfig & ConfigItem = {}, ...userConfigs:
     if (key in options)
       acc[key] = options[key] as any
     return acc
-  }, {} as ConfigItem)
+  }, {} as FlatConfigItem)
   if (Object.keys(fusedConfig).length)
     configs.push([fusedConfig])
 
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 122f171b1c..518a734a44 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { antfu } from './factory'
 export * from './configs'
 export * from './factory'
 export * from './globs'
-export * from './plugins'
 export * from './types'
 export * from './utils'
 
diff --git a/src/plugins.ts b/src/plugins.ts
index 2a7de22bd0..23299cbb18 100644
--- a/src/plugins.ts
+++ b/src/plugins.ts
@@ -4,21 +4,7 @@
 export { default as pluginAntfu } from 'eslint-plugin-antfu'
 export { default as pluginComments } from 'eslint-plugin-eslint-comments'
 export * as pluginImport from 'eslint-plugin-i'
-export { default as pluginJsdoc } from 'eslint-plugin-jsdoc'
-export * as pluginJsonc from 'eslint-plugin-jsonc'
-export { default as pluginMarkdown } from 'eslint-plugin-markdown'
 export { default as pluginNode } from 'eslint-plugin-n'
-export { default as pluginStylistic } from '@stylistic/eslint-plugin'
-export { default as pluginTs } from '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin'
 export { default as pluginUnicorn } from 'eslint-plugin-unicorn'
 export { default as pluginUnusedImports } from 'eslint-plugin-unused-imports'
-export { default as pluginVue } from 'eslint-plugin-vue'
-export * as pluginYaml from 'eslint-plugin-yml'
-export { default as pluginNoOnlyTests } from 'eslint-plugin-no-only-tests'
-export { default as pluginVitest } from 'eslint-plugin-vitest'
 export { default as pluginPerfectionist } from 'eslint-plugin-perfectionist'
-
-export * as parserTs from '@typescript-eslint/parser'
-export { default as parserVue } from 'vue-eslint-parser'
-export { default as parserYaml } from 'yaml-eslint-parser'
-export { default as parserJsonc } from 'jsonc-eslint-parser'
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index b7b452196d..c169afa1cd 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { FlatGitignoreOptions } from 'eslint-config-flat-gitignore'
 import type { ParserOptions } from '@typescript-eslint/parser'
+import type { Linter } from 'eslint'
 import type {
   EslintCommentsRules,
   EslintRules,
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ export type WrapRuleConfig<T extends { [key: string]: any }> = {
   [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends RuleConfig ? T[K] : RuleConfig<T[K]>
 }
 
+export type Awaitable<T> = T | Promise<T>
+
 export type Rules = WrapRuleConfig<
   MergeIntersection<
     RenamePrefix<TypeScriptRules, '@typescript-eslint/', 'ts/'> &
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ export type Rules = WrapRuleConfig<
   >
 >
 
-export type ConfigItem = Omit<FlatESLintConfigItem<Rules, false>, 'plugins'> & {
+export type FlatConfigItem = Omit<FlatESLintConfigItem<Rules, false>, 'plugins'> & {
   /**
    * Custom name of each config item
    */
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ export type ConfigItem = Omit<FlatESLintConfigItem<Rules, false>, 'plugins'> & {
   plugins?: Record<string, any>
 }
 
+export type UserConfigItem = FlatConfigItem | Linter.FlatConfig
+
 export interface OptionsComponentExts {
   /**
    * Additional extensions for components.
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ export interface StylisticConfig extends Pick<StylisticCustomizeOptions, 'indent
 }
 
 export interface OptionsOverrides {
-  overrides?: ConfigItem['rules']
+  overrides?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
 }
 
 export interface OptionsIsInEditor {
@@ -186,12 +191,12 @@ export interface OptionsConfig extends OptionsComponentExts {
    * Provide overrides for rules for each integration.
    */
   overrides?: {
-    javascript?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    typescript?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    test?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    vue?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    jsonc?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    markdown?: ConfigItem['rules']
-    yaml?: ConfigItem['rules']
+    javascript?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    typescript?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    test?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    vue?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    jsonc?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    markdown?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
+    yaml?: FlatConfigItem['rules']
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/utils.ts b/src/utils.ts
index 324c64ea17..fbc908e7b4 100644
--- a/src/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import type { ConfigItem } from './types'
+import type { Awaitable, UserConfigItem } from './types'
 
 /**
  * Combine array and non-array configs into a single array.
  */
-export function combine(...configs: (ConfigItem | ConfigItem[])[]): ConfigItem[] {
-  return configs.flat()
+export async function combine(...configs: Awaitable<UserConfigItem | UserConfigItem[]>[]): Promise<UserConfigItem[]> {
+  const resolved = await Promise.all(configs)
+  return resolved.flat()
 }
 
 export function renameRules(rules: Record<string, any>, from: string, to: string) {
@@ -21,3 +22,8 @@ export function renameRules(rules: Record<string, any>, from: string, to: string
 export function toArray<T>(value: T | T[]): T[] {
   return Array.isArray(value) ? value : [value]
 }
+
+export async function interopDefault<T>(m: Awaitable<T>): Promise<T extends { default: infer U } ? U : T> {
+  const resolved = await m
+  return (resolved as any).default || resolved
+}
diff --git a/test/fixtures.test.ts b/test/fixtures.test.ts
index 4c80490792..e9e5988f3c 100644
--- a/test/fixtures.test.ts
+++ b/test/fixtures.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { afterAll, beforeAll, it } from 'vitest'
 import fs from 'fs-extra'
 import { execa } from 'execa'
 import fg from 'fast-glob'
-import type { ConfigItem, OptionsConfig } from '../src/types'
+import type { FlatConfigItem, OptionsConfig } from '../src/types'
 
 beforeAll(async () => {
   await fs.rm('_fixtures', { recursive: true, force: true })
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ runWithConfig(
   },
 )
 
-function runWithConfig(name: string, configs: OptionsConfig, ...items: ConfigItem[]) {
+function runWithConfig(name: string, configs: OptionsConfig, ...items: FlatConfigItem[]) {
   it.concurrent(name, async ({ expect }) => {
     const from = resolve('fixtures/input')
     const output = resolve('fixtures/output', name)