diff --git a/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.cpp b/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.cpp
index e086396f8f9e..b9946a390353 100644
--- a/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.cpp
+++ b/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.cpp
@@ -276,6 +276,36 @@ garrow_table_remove_column(GArrowTable *table,
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * garrow_table_replace_column:
+ * @table: A #GArrowTable.
+ * @i: The index of the column to be replaced.
+ * @column: The newly added #GArrowColumn.
+ * @error: (nullable): Return location for a #GError or %NULL.
+ *
+ * Returns: (nullable) (transfer full): The newly allocated
+ * #GArrowTable that has @column as the @i-th column or %NULL on
+ * error.
+ *
+ * Since: 0.10.0
+ */
+GArrowTable *
+garrow_table_replace_column(GArrowTable *table,
+                            guint i,
+                            GArrowColumn *column,
+                            GError **error)
+{
+  const auto arrow_table = garrow_table_get_raw(table);
+  const auto arrow_column = garrow_column_get_raw(column);
+  std::shared_ptr<arrow::Table> arrow_new_table;
+  auto status = arrow_table->SetColumn(i, arrow_column, &arrow_new_table);
+  if (garrow_error_check(error, status, "[table][replace-column]")) {
+    return garrow_table_new_raw(&arrow_new_table);
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
 G_END_DECLS
 
 GArrowTable *
diff --git a/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.h b/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.h
index 9e21669cd11d..19843f3dc71c 100644
--- a/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.h
+++ b/c_glib/arrow-glib/table.h
@@ -24,48 +24,17 @@
 
 G_BEGIN_DECLS
 
-#define GARROW_TYPE_TABLE                       \
-  (garrow_table_get_type())
-#define GARROW_TABLE(obj)                               \
-  (G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_CAST((obj),                    \
-                              GARROW_TYPE_TABLE,        \
-                              GArrowTable))
-#define GARROW_TABLE_CLASS(klass)               \
-  (G_TYPE_CHECK_CLASS_CAST((klass),             \
-                           GARROW_TYPE_TABLE,   \
-                           GArrowTableClass))
-#define GARROW_IS_TABLE(obj)                            \
-  (G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_TYPE((obj),                    \
-                              GARROW_TYPE_TABLE))
-#define GARROW_IS_TABLE_CLASS(klass)            \
-  (G_TYPE_CHECK_CLASS_TYPE((klass),             \
-                           GARROW_TYPE_TABLE))
-#define GARROW_TABLE_GET_CLASS(obj)             \
-  (G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_CLASS((obj),             \
-                             GARROW_TYPE_TABLE, \
-                             GArrowTableClass))
-
-typedef struct _GArrowTable         GArrowTable;
-typedef struct _GArrowTableClass    GArrowTableClass;
-
-/**
- * GArrowTable:
- *
- * It wraps `arrow::Table`.
- */
-struct _GArrowTable
-{
-  /*< private >*/
-  GObject parent_instance;
-};
-
+#define GARROW_TYPE_TABLE (garrow_table_get_type())
+G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE(GArrowTable,
+                         garrow_table,
+                         GARROW,
+                         TABLE,
+                         GObject)
 struct _GArrowTableClass
 {
   GObjectClass parent_class;
 };
 
-GType           garrow_table_get_type      (void) G_GNUC_CONST;
-
 GArrowTable    *garrow_table_new           (GArrowSchema *schema,
                                             GList *columns);
 
@@ -85,5 +54,9 @@ GArrowTable    *garrow_table_add_column    (GArrowTable *table,
 GArrowTable    *garrow_table_remove_column (GArrowTable *table,
                                             guint i,
                                             GError **error);
+GArrowTable    *garrow_table_replace_column(GArrowTable *table,
+                                            guint i,
+                                            GArrowColumn *column,
+                                            GError **error);
 
 G_END_DECLS
diff --git a/c_glib/test/test-table.rb b/c_glib/test/test-table.rb
index 08dd34861e51..70ee653342d3 100644
--- a/c_glib/test/test-table.rb
+++ b/c_glib/test/test-table.rb
@@ -110,5 +110,13 @@ def test_remove_column
       assert_equal(["valid"],
                    new_table.schema.fields.collect(&:name))
     end
+
+    def test_replace_column
+      field = Arrow::Field.new("added", Arrow::BooleanDataType.new)
+      column = Arrow::Column.new(field, build_boolean_array([true]))
+      new_table = @table.replace_column(0, column)
+      assert_equal(["added", "valid"],
+                   new_table.schema.fields.collect(&:name))
+    end
   end
 end