diff --git a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
index 241addbfebd2..b1dd27a9d930 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh
@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ case "$(uname)" in
     n_jobs=${NPROC:-1}
     ;;
 esac
-if [ "${#exclude_tests[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
+if [ "$ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC" = "ON" ]; then
+  # GH-49816: Only run ODBC tests on ODBC CI pipelines
+  ctest_options+=(--tests-regex "arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test|arrow-odbc-spi-impl-test")
+elif [ "${#exclude_tests[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
   IFS="|"
   ctest_options+=(--exclude-regex "${exclude_tests[*]}")
   unset IFS