diff --git a/ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh b/ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..033d6e890ffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+set -ex
+export RUSTDOCFLAGS="-D warnings -A rustdoc::private-intra-doc-links"
+cargo doc --document-private-items --no-deps --workspace
diff --git a/dev/rust_lint.sh b/dev/rust_lint.sh
index b1285cbc3f53..119107133072 100755
--- a/dev/rust_lint.sh
+++ b/dev/rust_lint.sh
@@ -29,3 +29,4 @@ fi
 ci/scripts/rust_fmt.sh
 ci/scripts/rust_clippy.sh
 ci/scripts/rust_toml_fmt.sh
+ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh