diff --git a/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py b/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py
index 4832da591fa8..cd53ab6d41dc 100644
--- a/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py
+++ b/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP, Decimal
 from functools import singledispatchmethod
+from math import isnan
 from typing import Any, Generic, Type
 from uuid import UUID
 
@@ -65,6 +66,8 @@ class Literal(Generic[L], ABC):
     def __init__(self, value: L, value_type: Type[L]):
         if value is None or not isinstance(value, value_type):
             raise TypeError(f"Invalid literal value: {value!r} (not a {value_type})")
+        if isinstance(value, float) and isnan(value):
+            raise ValueError("Cannot create expression literal from NaN.")
         self._value = value
 
     @property
@@ -108,10 +111,10 @@ def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
 
 def literal(value: L) -> Literal[L]:
     """
-    A generic Literal factory to construct an iceberg Literal based on python primitive data type
+    A generic Literal factory to construct an Iceberg Literal based on Python primitive data type
 
     Args:
-        value(python primitive type): the value to be associated with literal
+        value(Python primitive type): the value to be associated with literal
 
     Example:
         from pyiceberg.expressions.literals import literal
diff --git a/python/tests/expressions/test_literals.py b/python/tests/expressions/test_literals.py
index 453f04f4ee72..7373ff040b38 100644
--- a/python/tests/expressions/test_literals.py
+++ b/python/tests/expressions/test_literals.py
@@ -73,6 +73,12 @@ def test_literal_from_none_error() -> None:
     assert "Invalid literal value: None" in str(e.value)
 
 
+def test_literal_from_nan_error() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+        literal(float("nan"))
+    assert "Cannot create expression literal from NaN." in str(e.value)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "literal_class",
     [
@@ -89,12 +95,19 @@ def test_literal_from_none_error() -> None:
         BinaryLiteral,
     ],
 )
-def test_string_literal_with_none_value_error(literal_class: Type[PrimitiveType]) -> None:
+def test_literal_classes_with_none_type_error(literal_class: Type[PrimitiveType]) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e:
         literal_class(None)
     assert "Invalid literal value: None" in str(e.value)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("literal_class", [FloatLiteral, DoubleLiteral])
+def test_literal_classes_with_nan_value_error(literal_class: Type[PrimitiveType]) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+        literal_class(float("nan"))
+    assert "Cannot create expression literal from NaN." in str(e.value)
+
+
 # Numeric