From c2e23424f1a3ac3a9ed5d5d585b411df42fdf06f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hanzhijian <hanzhijian@zepp.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 00:14:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Documentation: document gprof command.

Add documentation for the gprof command, which controls NuttX
function-call profiling.  Covers the start, stop, dump, and help
subcommands, configuration dependencies on CONFIG_PROFILE and
CONFIG_SYSTEM_GPROF, and a worked example showing how to collect
and analyse a gmon.out file.

Refs #11081

Signed-off-by: hanzj <hanzhijian@zepp.com>
---
 .../applications/system/gprof/index.rst       | 131 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 126 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/applications/system/gprof/index.rst b/Documentation/applications/system/gprof/index.rst
index 146b512967422..6cd35c99a2204 100644
--- a/Documentation/applications/system/gprof/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/applications/system/gprof/index.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,127 @@
-=============================
-``gprof`` GNU Profile tool
-=============================
+===========================
+``gprof`` profiling command
+===========================
 
-Please refer to :doc:`/debugging/gprof` for comprehensive gprof documentation,
-including configuration options, usage examples, and real board examples.
+The ``gprof`` command controls the NuttX function-call profiling subsystem.
+It can start and stop sampling at runtime and dump the collected profiling
+data to a file in ``gmon.out`` format.  The resulting file can be processed
+with the host ``gprof`` tool (or compatible analysers) to produce a flat
+profile and a call-graph.
+
+Profiling relies on compiler instrumentation (``-finstrument-functions``
+or equivalent).  Each instrumented function call records the caller and
+callee addresses; the dump subcommand writes these records together with a
+histogram of sampled program-counter values.
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+Enable the application with ``CONFIG_SYSTEM_GPROF`` (tristate; can be
+built-in or an NSH command).
+
+``CONFIG_SYSTEM_GPROF`` depends on profiling being enabled.  Set
+``CONFIG_PROFILE_NONE`` to ``n`` (or enable ``CONFIG_SIM_GPROF`` for the
+simulator).
+
+Related profiling options:
+
+- ``CONFIG_PROFILE`` -- enable the NuttX profiling framework
+- ``CONFIG_PROFILE_DUMP_ON_EXIT`` -- automatically dump profiling data when
+  the process exits
+
+Task tuning:
+
+- ``CONFIG_SYSTEM_GPROF_PRIORITY`` -- task priority (default ``100``)
+- ``CONFIG_SYSTEM_GPROF_STACKSIZE`` -- stack size (default
+  ``DEFAULT_TASK_STACKSIZE``)
+
+Usage
+=====
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   gprof start
+   gprof stop
+   gprof dump [output]
+   gprof help
+
+Subcommands
+===========
+
+start
+-----
+
+Begin profiling.  Calls ``monstartup()`` with the text-section boundaries
+(``_stext`` to ``_etext``) and then enables sampling via ``moncontrol(1)``.
+
+stop
+----
+
+Disable sampling by calling ``moncontrol(0)``.  Profiling data remains in
+memory and can be dumped later.
+
+dump [output]
+-------------
+
+Write collected profiling data to a file and release the associated
+resources.  Calls ``_mcleanup()`` internally.
+
+By default the output file is ``gmon.out`` in the current working
+directory.  When *output* is specified it is used as the file-name prefix
+via the ``GMON_OUT_PREFIX`` environment variable; the actual file will be
+named ``<output>.0`` (the suffix is appended by the gmon writer).
+
+.. note::
+
+   The ``dump`` subcommand requires ``CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON`` to be
+   ``n`` so that ``setenv()`` is available.  On configurations that
+   disable the environment, ``dump`` prints an error message and does
+   not write a file.
+
+help
+----
+
+Print a short usage summary and exit.
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Profile a section of code interactively:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   nsh> gprof start
+   nsh> <run the workload to be profiled>
+   nsh> gprof stop
+   nsh> gprof dump
+
+Dump to a custom file name:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   nsh> gprof dump /tmp/my_profile
+
+The resulting ``/tmp/my_profile.0`` can be copied to the host and analysed:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ arm-none-eabi-objcopy --update-section .gmon/data=my_profile.0 nuttx
+   $ arm-none-eabi-gprof nuttx
+
+Automatic dump on exit
+======================
+
+When ``CONFIG_PROFILE_DUMP_ON_EXIT`` is enabled, profiling data is written
+automatically when the profiled process exits.  In that case there is no
+need to call ``gprof dump`` explicitly.
+
+Notes
+=====
+
+- Profiling data structures are allocated by ``monstartup()``.  Starting
+  profiling a second time without dumping first will silently discard the
+  previous data.
+
+- The ``gprof`` command itself must also be built with profiling
+  instrumentation if you want to profile it; normally it is only used as a
+  controller for profiling other code.