diff --git a/.changeset/old-papayas-switch.md b/.changeset/old-papayas-switch.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce0ab68af3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/old-papayas-switch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@apollo/server": patch
+---
+
+Use extensions for all imports to accommodate TS users using moduleResolution: "nodenext"
diff --git a/cspell-dict.txt b/cspell-dict.txt
index 3d0d6353d35..99f3918415b 100644
--- a/cspell-dict.txt
+++ b/cspell-dict.txt
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ mygraph
 myvariant
 namespacing
 nanos
+nodenext
 npmrc
 nsolid
 oneof
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index b9696d20fae..0c9a8d716c7 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     "test:clean": "jest --clearCache",
     "test:watch": "jest --verbose --watchAll",
     "test:smoke": "npm run test:smoke:prepare && npm run test:smoke:run",
-    "test:smoke:prepare": "npm run compile && smoke-test/prepare.sh",
+    "test:smoke:prepare": "smoke-test/prepare.sh",
     "test:smoke:run": "smoke-test/smoke-test.sh",
     "testonly": "npm test",
     "test:ci": "npm test -- --ci --maxWorkers=2  --reporters=default --reporters=jest-junit",
diff --git a/packages/server/src/ApolloServer.ts b/packages/server/src/ApolloServer.ts
index 67e6a0f06c7..920f2410719 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/ApolloServer.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/ApolloServer.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ import type {
   HTTPGraphQLHead,
   ContextThunk,
   GraphQLRequestContext,
-} from './externalTypes';
+} from './externalTypes/index.js';
 import { runPotentiallyBatchedHttpQuery } from './httpBatching.js';
 import { InternalPluginId, pluginIsInternal } from './internalPlugin.js';
 import {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ import { SchemaManager } from './utils/schemaManager.js';
 import { isDefined } from './utils/isDefined.js';
 import { UnreachableCaseError } from './utils/UnreachableCaseError.js';
 import type { WithRequired } from '@apollo/utils.withrequired';
-import type { ApolloServerOptionsWithStaticSchema } from './externalTypes/constructor';
+import type { ApolloServerOptionsWithStaticSchema } from './externalTypes/constructor.js';
 import type { GatewayExecutor } from '@apollo/server-gateway-interface';
 
 const NoIntrospection = (context: ValidationContext) => ({
diff --git a/packages/server/src/determineApolloConfig.ts b/packages/server/src/determineApolloConfig.ts
index 9b004e61a4e..10f67928f60 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/determineApolloConfig.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/determineApolloConfig.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createHash } from '@apollo/utils.createhash';
-import type { ApolloConfig, ApolloConfigInput } from './externalTypes';
+import type { ApolloConfig, ApolloConfigInput } from './externalTypes/index.js';
 
 // This function combines the `apollo` constructor argument and some environment
 // variables to come up with a full ApolloConfig.
diff --git a/packages/server/src/express4/index.ts b/packages/server/src/express4/index.ts
index 33693c01006..f5a4e63a879 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/express4/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/express4/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import type { WithRequired } from '@apollo/utils.withrequired';
 import type express from 'express';
-import type { ApolloServer } from '..';
+import type { ApolloServer } from '../index.js';
 import type {
   BaseContext,
   ContextFunction,
   HTTPGraphQLRequest,
-} from '../externalTypes';
+} from '../externalTypes/index.js';
 import { parse as urlParse } from 'url';
 
 export interface ExpressContextFunctionArgument {
diff --git a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/constructor.ts b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/constructor.ts
index cc173cb720e..deabab471ee 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/constructor.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/constructor.ts
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import type {
 } from 'graphql';
 import type { KeyValueCache } from '@apollo/utils.keyvaluecache';
 import type { GatewayInterface } from '@apollo/server-gateway-interface';
-import type { BaseContext } from '.';
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from './plugins';
+import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from './plugins.js';
+import type { BaseContext } from './index.js';
 
 export type DocumentStore = KeyValueCache<DocumentNode>;
 
diff --git a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/graphql.ts b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/graphql.ts
index a032bfd5228..a71145c5b49 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/graphql.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/graphql.ts
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import type {
   OperationDefinitionNode,
 } from 'graphql';
 import type { CachePolicy } from '@apollo/cache-control-types';
-import type { BaseContext } from './context';
-import type { HTTPGraphQLHead, HTTPGraphQLRequest } from './http';
+import type { BaseContext } from './context.js';
+import type { HTTPGraphQLHead, HTTPGraphQLRequest } from './http.js';
 import type { Logger } from '@apollo/utils.logger';
 import type { KeyValueCache } from '@apollo/utils.keyvaluecache';
 
diff --git a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/plugins.ts b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/plugins.ts
index bea25f684ab..46207bbb85c 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/plugins.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/plugins.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import type { KeyValueCache } from '@apollo/utils.keyvaluecache';
 import type { Logger } from '@apollo/utils.logger';
 import type { GraphQLResolveInfo, GraphQLSchema } from 'graphql';
-import type { ApolloConfig } from './constructor';
-import type { BaseContext } from './context';
-import type { GraphQLRequestContext, GraphQLResponse } from './graphql';
+import type { ApolloConfig } from './constructor.js';
+import type { BaseContext } from './context.js';
+import type { GraphQLRequestContext, GraphQLResponse } from './graphql.js';
 import type {
   GraphQLRequestContextDidEncounterErrors,
   GraphQLRequestContextDidResolveOperation,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import type {
   GraphQLRequestContextResponseForOperation,
   GraphQLRequestContextValidationDidStart,
   GraphQLRequestContextWillSendResponse,
-} from './requestPipeline';
+} from './requestPipeline.js';
 
 export interface GraphQLServerContext {
   readonly logger: Logger;
diff --git a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/requestPipeline.ts b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/requestPipeline.ts
index 28075476e55..6de7d46aa7d 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/externalTypes/requestPipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/externalTypes/requestPipeline.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { WithRequired } from '@apollo/utils.withrequired';
-import type { BaseContext } from './context';
-import type { GraphQLRequestContext } from './graphql';
+import type { BaseContext } from './context.js';
+import type { GraphQLRequestContext } from './graphql.js';
 
 export type GraphQLRequestContextDidResolveSource<
   TContext extends BaseContext,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/httpBatching.ts b/packages/server/src/httpBatching.ts
index 02d50cff827..dbad48a7a0e 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/httpBatching.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/httpBatching.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type {
   BaseContext,
   HTTPGraphQLRequest,
   HTTPGraphQLResponse,
-} from './externalTypes';
+} from './externalTypes/index.js';
 import type {
   ApolloServer,
   ApolloServerInternals,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/internalPlugin.ts b/packages/server/src/internalPlugin.ts
index d5d92f90db7..410c560c946 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/internalPlugin.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/internalPlugin.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { BaseContext, ApolloServerPlugin } from './externalTypes';
+import type { BaseContext, ApolloServerPlugin } from './externalTypes/index.js';
 
 // This file's exports should not be exported from the overall
 // @apollo/server module.
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/cacheControl/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/cacheControl/index.ts
index eb8f4494245..cb99442c884 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/cacheControl/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/cacheControl/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes';
+import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import {
   DirectiveNode,
   getNamedType,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/disabled/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/disabled/index.ts
index 67327e34b01..4aa18603a43 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/disabled/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/disabled/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // TODO(AS4): Document this file
 // TODO(AS4): Decide where it is imported from.
-import type { BaseContext, ApolloServerPlugin } from '../..';
+import type { BaseContext, ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../index.js';
 import type {
   InternalApolloServerPlugin,
   InternalPluginId,
-} from '../../internalPlugin';
+} from '../../internalPlugin.js';
 
 function disabledPlugin(id: InternalPluginId): ApolloServerPlugin {
   const plugin: InternalApolloServerPlugin<BaseContext> = {
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/drainHttpServer/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/drainHttpServer/index.ts
index 287e71ecd84..4493869f6e2 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/drainHttpServer/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/drainHttpServer/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type http from 'http';
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes';
+import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import { Stopper } from './stoppable.js';
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/inlineTrace/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/inlineTrace/index.ts
index ffab54233da..4bb95c0d95d 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/inlineTrace/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/inlineTrace/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { TraceTreeBuilder } from '../traceTreeBuilder.js';
 import type { SendErrorsOptions } from '../usageReporting/index.js';
 import { internalPlugin } from '../../internalPlugin.js';
 import { schemaIsFederated } from '../schemaIsFederated.js';
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes';
+import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 
 export interface ApolloServerPluginInlineTraceOptions {
   /**
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/landingPage/default/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/landingPage/default/index.ts
index 6b80ca367e5..4371f91f93a 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/landingPage/default/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/landingPage/default/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin, BaseContext } from '../../../externalTypes';
-import type { ImplicitlyInstallablePlugin } from '../../../ApolloServer';
+import type {
+  ApolloServerPlugin,
+  BaseContext,
+} from '../../../externalTypes/index.js';
+import type { ImplicitlyInstallablePlugin } from '../../../ApolloServer.js';
 import type {
   ApolloServerPluginLandingPageLocalDefaultOptions,
   ApolloServerPluginLandingPageProductionDefaultOptions,
   LandingPageConfig,
-} from './types';
+} from './types.js';
 import {
   getEmbeddedExplorerHTML,
   getEmbeddedSandboxHTML,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/index.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/index.ts
index 8c79ada7d6d..d895740674d 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/index.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
 import { printSchema, validateSchema, buildSchema } from 'graphql';
 import { SchemaReporter } from './schemaReporter.js';
 import { schemaIsFederated } from '../schemaIsFederated.js';
-import type { SchemaReport } from './generated/operations';
-import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes';
+import type { SchemaReport } from './generated/operations.js';
+import type { ApolloServerPlugin } from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import type { Fetcher } from '@apollo/utils.fetcher';
 import { packageVersion } from '../../generated/packageVersion.js';
 import { computeCoreSchemaHash } from '../../utils/computeCoreSchemaHash.js';
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/schemaReporter.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/schemaReporter.ts
index ae7ccdcd8eb..64be468cbff 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/schemaReporter.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/schemaReporting/schemaReporter.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import fetch from 'node-fetch';
-import type { GraphQLRequest } from '../../externalTypes';
+import type { GraphQLRequest } from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import type { Logger } from '@apollo/utils.logger';
 import type {
   SchemaReport,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/options.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/options.ts
index 8dc456d0253..d7383daf0eb 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/options.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/options.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type {
   GraphQLRequestContext,
   GraphQLRequestContextWillSendResponse,
   BaseContext,
-} from '../../externalTypes';
+} from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import type { Logger } from '@apollo/utils.logger';
 import type { Trace } from '@apollo/usage-reporting-protobuf';
 import type { Fetcher } from '@apollo/utils.fetcher';
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/plugin.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/plugin.ts
index d7ceb404f16..fd94dc9ed55 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/plugin.ts
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ import type {
   GraphQLRequestContextWillSendResponse,
   GraphQLRequestListener,
   GraphQLServerListener,
-} from '../../externalTypes';
+} from '../../externalTypes/index.js';
 import { internalPlugin } from '../../internalPlugin.js';
-import type { HeaderMap } from '../../runHttpQuery';
+import type { HeaderMap } from '../../runHttpQuery.js';
 import { dateToProtoTimestamp, TraceTreeBuilder } from '../traceTreeBuilder.js';
 import { defaultSendOperationsAsTrace } from './defaultSendOperationsAsTrace.js';
 import {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import {
 import type {
   ApolloServerPluginUsageReportingOptions,
   SendValuesBaseOptions,
-} from './options';
+} from './options.js';
 import { OurReport } from './stats.js';
 import { makeTraceDetails } from './traceDetails.js';
 import { packageVersion } from '../../generated/packageVersion.js';
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/traceDetails.ts b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/traceDetails.ts
index dace53e0c4d..a61c1ed782f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/traceDetails.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugin/usageReporting/traceDetails.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Trace } from '@apollo/usage-reporting-protobuf';
-import type { VariableValueOptions } from './options';
+import type { VariableValueOptions } from './options.js';
 
 // Creates trace details from request variables, given a specification for modifying
 // values of private or sensitive variables.
diff --git a/packages/server/src/requestPipeline.ts b/packages/server/src/requestPipeline.ts
index 6a81e117810..c19cdf1cd42 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/requestPipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/requestPipeline.ts
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import type {
   GraphQLRequestExecutionListener,
   BaseContext,
   HTTPGraphQLHead,
-} from './externalTypes';
+} from './externalTypes/index.js';
 
 import {
   invokeDidStartHook,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ import type {
   ApolloServer,
   ApolloServerInternals,
   SchemaDerivedData,
-} from './ApolloServer';
+} from './ApolloServer.js';
 import { isDefined } from './utils/isDefined.js';
 
 export const APQ_CACHE_PREFIX = 'apq:';
diff --git a/packages/server/src/runHttpQuery.ts b/packages/server/src/runHttpQuery.ts
index d5cef40ffd5..2fe3afe19b1 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/runHttpQuery.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/runHttpQuery.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type {
   HTTPGraphQLHead,
   HTTPGraphQLRequest,
   HTTPGraphQLResponse,
-} from './externalTypes';
+} from './externalTypes/index.js';
 import {
   ApolloServer,
   ApolloServerInternals,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/standalone/index.ts b/packages/server/src/standalone/index.ts
index 82bfb87adeb..7f50f4f95c0 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/standalone/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/standalone/index.ts
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import cors from 'cors';
 import express from 'express';
 import http, { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'http';
 import type { ListenOptions } from 'net';
-import type { ApolloServer } from '../ApolloServer';
+import type { ApolloServer } from '../ApolloServer.js';
 import { expressMiddleware } from '../express4/index.js';
-import type { BaseContext, ContextFunction } from '../externalTypes';
+import type { BaseContext, ContextFunction } from '../externalTypes/index.js';
 import { ApolloServerPluginDrainHttpServer } from '../plugin/drainHttpServer/index.js';
 import { urlForHttpServer } from '../utils/urlForHttpServer.js';
 
diff --git a/packages/server/src/utils/schemaInstrumentation.ts b/packages/server/src/utils/schemaInstrumentation.ts
index 27543e02120..a38a85adc1f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/utils/schemaInstrumentation.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/utils/schemaInstrumentation.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 import type {
   BaseContext,
   GraphQLRequestExecutionListener,
-} from '../externalTypes';
+} from '../externalTypes/index.js';
 
 export const symbolExecutionDispatcherWillResolveField = Symbol(
   'apolloServerExecutionDispatcherWillResolveField',
diff --git a/packages/server/src/utils/schemaManager.ts b/packages/server/src/utils/schemaManager.ts
index 7790f3176f9..298eb3a206b 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/utils/schemaManager.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/utils/schemaManager.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ import type {
   GatewayInterface,
   GatewayUnsubscriber,
 } from '@apollo/server-gateway-interface';
-import type { SchemaDerivedData } from '../ApolloServer';
-import type { ApolloConfig, GraphQLSchemaContext } from '../externalTypes';
+import type { SchemaDerivedData } from '../ApolloServer.js';
+import type {
+  ApolloConfig,
+  GraphQLSchemaContext,
+} from '../externalTypes/index.js';
 
 type SchemaDerivedDataProvider = (
   apiSchema: GraphQLSchema,
diff --git a/smoke-test/nodenext/package.json b/smoke-test/nodenext/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6057b8fbf26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-test/nodenext/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "module": "./dist/smoke-test.js"
+}
diff --git a/smoke-test/nodenext/src/smoke-test.ts b/smoke-test/nodenext/src/smoke-test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec849974276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-test/nodenext/src/smoke-test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { ApolloServer } from '@apollo/server';
+import { startStandaloneServer } from '@apollo/server/standalone';
+import fetch from 'make-fetch-happen';
+import assert from 'assert';
+
+async function validateAllImports() {
+  await import('@apollo/server');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/cacheControl');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/disabled');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/drainHttpServer');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/inlineTrace');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/landingPage/default');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/schemaReporting');
+  await import('@apollo/server/plugin/usageReporting');
+  await import('@apollo/server/standalone');
+}
+
+async function smokeTest() {
+  await validateAllImports();
+
+  const s = new ApolloServer({
+    typeDefs: 'type Query {hello:String}',
+    resolvers: {
+      Query: {
+        hello() {
+          return 'world';
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const { url } = await startStandaloneServer(s, { listen: { port: 0 } });
+
+  const response = await fetch(url, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ query: '{hello}' }),
+  });
+  const body = await response.json();
+
+  assert.strictEqual(body.data.hello, 'world');
+
+  await s.stop();
+}
+
+smokeTest()
+  .then(() => {
+    console.log('TS-NODENEXT smoke test passed!');
+    process.exit(0);
+  })
+  .catch((e) => {
+    console.error(e);
+    process.exit(1);
+  });
diff --git a/smoke-test/nodenext/tsconfig.json b/smoke-test/nodenext/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ad087a66cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/smoke-test/nodenext/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "rootDir": "./src",
+    "outDir": "./dist",
+    "module": "NodeNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "nodenext",
+    "target": "es2020",
+    "lib": ["es2020"],
+    "types": ["node"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/smoke-test/prepare.sh b/smoke-test/prepare.sh
index 153c90c2447..476d0dff54e 100755
--- a/smoke-test/prepare.sh
+++ b/smoke-test/prepare.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ set -x
 
 TARBALL_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
 
+# Ensure build is current.
+npm run compile
 # Make tarballs of all packages.
 npm pack --pack-destination="$TARBALL_DIR" --workspaces=true
 
diff --git a/smoke-test/smoke-test.sh b/smoke-test/smoke-test.sh
index c084965d2cc..dddf51fbf08 100755
--- a/smoke-test/smoke-test.sh
+++ b/smoke-test/smoke-test.sh
@@ -23,6 +23,15 @@ grep 'function createApplication' "$ROLLUP_OUT_DIR"/bundle.mjs
 # ... and that the one that doesn't, doesn't.
 ! grep 'function createApplication' "$ROLLUP_OUT_DIR"/bundle-no-express.mjs
 
+# Nodenext needs its own special folder - for this test to exercise the case
+# we're after, we need a package.json using type: module and a bleeding edge
+# tsconfig using moduleResolution: nodenext. Let's run it before the others
+# since this is the "pickiest" of the tests.
+cd nodenext
+tsc --build .
+node ./dist/smoke-test.js
+cd ..
+
 # Ensure basic TypeScript builds work.
 tsc --build tsconfig.{esm,cjs}.json
 node generated/tsc/smoke-test.cjs