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About digital preservation
==========================
At Artefactual, we work in the context of archival standards.
This context informs the decisions we make for the software we
develop and maintain.
The resources listed here can be specific to our own context, since
there are a diverse, broad range of archival traditions in the
world. We believe that the list presented here is a good first step
to get started in the digital preservation world. This list has been
curated for beginners.
Digital preservation is for everyone
------------------------------------
This document is on resources about digital preservation and archives
in general. The goal is to help someone new to this world get
familiar with the concepts and ideas, not to replace a formal
education on the topic.
This is not meant to be exhaustive.
What is digital preservation?
-----------------------------
Digital preservation is the set of actions, standards and processes
involved in making digital or digitized content available and
authentic in the future
Digital preservation might involve standard IT storage solutions,
with a layer of additional needs to be met.
Getting started
---------------
The `Novice to Know-How: Digital Preservation for Beginners`_
from the `Digital Preservation Coalition`_ is one of the
most thorough yet concise training on the topic.
It covers file formats, bitstreams, workflows for preservation,
and how to give access to preserved digital content.
It will help you understand the risks associated with preserving
digital content in the long term, from the material point of view.
Note that there is also a `DPC YouTube channel`_.
Standards
---------
Our work is informed both by archival content standards and by
metadata standards.
Metadata standards
``````````````````
Software developed at Artefactual is informed by the digital
preservation standards, such as `PREMIS`_ and
`METS`_. Both these websites contain learning materials,
such as this `PREMIS list of tutorials`_
as well as `suggested readings for METS`_.
Archivematica documentation has pages on
`how PREMIS is supported in the software`_,
and similarly for `METS in Archivematica`_.
Archival content standards
``````````````````````````
Some of the archival contents standards we are interested in
includes the Rules for Archival Description, or `RAD`_, the
`DACS`_ and `ISAD-G`_. Other standards might be
of interest which are not listed here.
Technical challenges
--------------------
If you are curious about the technical challenges of preserving data
and its metadata for the long term, consider reading about the
`challenges faced by the CERN Digital Memory Platform`_,
such as scaling, hardware failures, losing data because of software
errors, and other ways that digital preservation can fail to happen.
This thesis make use of Archivematica.
Software for digital preservation
---------------------------------
You are wondering which software are used in digital preservation? Which
languages and tools would be the most useful? Here is
`one answer from the Society of American Archivists`_,
as well as an
`insightful blog post on The Signal`_. Both contains
general technologies used in digital preservation, as well as
software and tools specific to the field.
Curious to see how programming is applied in practice? You might
want to take a look at this `PyCon Ireland 2019 talk by Kieran O'Leary`_,
where the preservation of movie image heritage is discussed,
presenting how Python was used to build tools.
The archival context
--------------------
Digital preservation is closely related to the archives world.
How do they relate? Here are a few resources to help you gain
a better understanding of the general context.
In `But Storage is Cheap: Digital Preservation in the Age of Abundance`_,
Abby Smith Rumsey highlights general challenges in establishing
and implementing good digital preservation practices.
The `Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation by Trevor Owens`_
covers history of preservation and builds bridges to new media
studies, acting as a guide to intentional, deliberate preservation.
This book is `also available en español`_, in digital open access version.
We would also like to highlight the
`DPC Digital Preservation Handbook`_,
as well as a `repository of case studies related to Archivematica`_.
Talks
-----
Many interesting talks on digital preservation have been made
vailable online, such as this one on the
`Learn with Scholars Portal on digital preservation and what it looks like`_,
and this `video of talk by Trevor Owens on communities and platform`_.
And... many more!
------------------
This list was not meant to be exhaustive - here a few other links as a
conclusion:
- `Unesco’s charter on the preservation of digital heritage`_
- `Sustainability of digital formats`_
- `Levels of digital preservation`_ to help you build or assess a program
If we missed something that was helpful to you on your digital preservation
journey, consider `opening an issue to add it`_.
.. _`Novice to Know-How: Digital Preservation for Beginners`: https://dpc.getlearnworlds.com/course/novice-to-know-how-beginners
.. _`Digital Preservation Coalition`: https://www.dpconline.org/digipres
.. _`DPC YouTube channel`: https://www.youtube.com/@digitalpreservationcoaliti5557/videos
.. _`PREMIS`: https://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/
.. _`METS`: https://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
.. _`PREMIS list of tutorials`: https://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/tutorials.html
.. _`suggested readings for METS`: https://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets-suggestedreading.html
.. _`how PREMIS is supported in the software`: https://www.archivematica.org/en/docs/latest/user-manual/metadata/premis/#premis-template
.. _`METS in Archivematica`: https://www.archivematica.org/en/docs/latest/user-manual/metadata/METS/#mets-schema
.. _`RAD`: https://archivescanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RADComplete_July2008.pdf
.. _`DACS`: https://saa-ts-dacs.github.io/
.. _`ISAD-G`: https://www.ica.org/resource/isadg-general-international-standard-archival-description-second-edition/
.. _`challenges faced by the CERN Digital Memory Platform`: https://cds.cern.ch/record/2728246/files/CERN-THESIS-2020-092.pdf
.. _`one answer from the Society of American Archivists`: https://snaproundtable.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/q-what-programming-languages-are-most-helpful-for-a-digital-archivist-to-know/
.. _`insightful blog post on The Signal`: https://blogs.loc.gov/thesignal/2014/10/what-does-it-take-to-be-a-well-rounded-digital-archivist/
.. _`PyCon Ireland 2019 talk by Kieran O'Leary`: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMIrEWOcg4k
.. _`But Storage is Cheap: Digital Preservation in the Age of Abundance`: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yk9ccNP9xTk
.. _`Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation by Trevor Owens`: https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/11947/theory-and-craft-digital-preservation
.. _`also available en español`: https://trevorowens.org/2023/09/09/the-theory-and-craft-of-digital-preservation-en-espanol/
.. _`DPC Digital Preservation Handbook`: https://www.dpconline.org/handbook
.. _`repository of case studies related to Archivematica`: https://github.com/archivematica/archivematica-case-studies
.. _`Learn with Scholars Portal on digital preservation and what it looks like`: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRDBKlaqnKE
.. _`video of talk by Trevor Owens on communities and platform`: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH5uLX8m0wg
.. _`Unesco’s charter on the preservation of digital heritage`: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000179529
.. _`Sustainability of digital formats`: https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/index.html
.. _`Levels of digital preservation`: https://ndsa.org/publications/levels-of-digital-preservation
.. _`opening an issue to add it`: https://github.com/artefactual/artefactual.github.io/issues/new