Change SelfHostDeployer to use dynamic ports by default (#1383)

* Should significantly reduce flaky test failures due to AddressInUse exceptions
* Addresses aspnet/Hosting#1296

src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IntegrationTesting/Common/TestUriHelper.cs

@@ -11,39 +11,72 @@ public static class TestUriHelper
     {
         public static Uri BuildTestUri()
         {
-            return new UriBuilder("http", "localhost", GetNextPort()).Uri;
+            return BuildTestUri(null);
         }
 
         public static Uri BuildTestUri(string hint)
+        {
+            // If this method is called directly, there is no way to know the server type or whether status messages
+            // are enabled.  It's safest to assume the server is WebListener (which doesn't support binding to dynamic
+            // port "0") and status messages are not enabled (so the assigned port cannot be scraped from console output).
+            return BuildTestUri(hint, serverType: ServerType.WebListener, statusMessagesEnabled: false);
+        }
+
+        internal static Uri BuildTestUri(string hint, ServerType serverType, bool statusMessagesEnabled)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(hint))
             {
-                return BuildTestUri();
+                if (serverType == ServerType.Kestrel && statusMessagesEnabled)
+                {
+                    // Most functional tests use this codepath and should directly bind to dynamic port "0" and scrape
+                    // the assigned port from the status message, which should be 100% reliable since the port is bound
+                    // once and never released.  Binding to dynamic port "0" on "localhost" (both IPv4 and IPv6) is not
+                    // supported, so the port is only bound on "127.0.0.1" (IPv4).  If a test explicitly requires IPv6,
+                    // it should provide a hint URL with "localhost" (IPv4 and IPv6) or "[::1]" (IPv6-only).
+                    return new UriBuilder("http", "127.0.0.1", 0).Uri;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // If the server type is not Kestrel, or status messages are disabled, there is no status message
+                    // from which to scrape the assigned port, so the less reliable GetNextPort() must be used.  The
+                    // port is bound on "localhost" (both IPv4 and IPv6), since this is supported when using a specific
+                    // (non-zero) port.
+                    return new UriBuilder("http", "localhost", GetNextPort()).Uri;
+                }
             }
             else
             {
                 var uriHint = new Uri(hint);
                 if (uriHint.Port == 0)
                 {
+                    // Only a few tests use this codepath, so it's fine to use the less reliable GetNextPort() for simplicity.
+                    // The tests using this codepath will be reviewed to see if they can be changed to directly bind to dynamic
+                    // port "0" on "127.0.0.1" and scrape the assigned port from the status message (the default codepath).
                     return new UriBuilder(uriHint) { Port = GetNextPort() }.Uri;
                 }
                 else
                 {
+                    // If the hint contains a specific port, return it unchanged.
                     return uriHint;
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // Copied from https://github.com/aspnet/KestrelHttpServer/blob/47f1db20e063c2da75d9d89653fad4eafe24446c/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.FunctionalTests/AddressRegistrationTests.cs#L508
+        //
+        // This method is an attempt to safely get a free port from the OS.  Most of the time,
+        // when binding to dynamic port "0" the OS increments the assigned port, so it's safe
+        // to re-use the assigned port in another process.  However, occasionally the OS will reuse
+        // a recently assigned port instead of incrementing, which causes flaky tests with AddressInUse
+        // exceptions.  This method should only be used when the application itself cannot use
+        // dynamic port "0" (e.g. IISExpress).  Most functional tests using raw Kestrel
+        // (with status messages enabled) should directly bind to dynamic port "0" and scrape 
+        // the assigned port from the status message, which should be 100% reliable since the port
+        // is bound once and never released.
         public static int GetNextPort()
         {
             using (var socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
             {
-                // Let the OS assign the next available port. Unless we cycle through all ports
-                // on a test run, the OS will always increment the port number when making these calls.
-                // This prevents races in parallel test runs where a test is already bound to
-                // a given port, and a new test is able to bind to the same port due to port
-                // reuse being enabled by default by the OS.
                 socket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Loopback, 0));
                 return ((IPEndPoint)socket.LocalEndPoint).Port;
             }

src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.IntegrationTesting/Deployers/SelfHostDeployer.cs

@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ public override async Task<DeploymentResult> DeployAsync()
                     DotnetPublish();
                 }
 
-                var hintUrl = TestUriHelper.BuildTestUri(DeploymentParameters.ApplicationBaseUriHint);
+                var hintUrl = TestUriHelper.BuildTestUri(
+                    DeploymentParameters.ApplicationBaseUriHint,
+                    DeploymentParameters.ServerType,
+                    DeploymentParameters.StatusMessagesEnabled);
 
                 // Launch the host process.
                 var (actualUrl, hostExitToken) = await StartSelfHostAsync(hintUrl);