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| <TITLE>Glossary</TITLE> | |
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| ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="2" BORDER="0" ALT="Iowa Communciations Network" | |
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| <A NAME="anchor179829"></A><IMG SRC="images/gloss.gif" WIDTH="128" | |
| HEIGHT="49" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3" ALT="Glossary"><BR> | |
| <B>[<A HREF="#anchor620195">A</A> / <A HREF="#anchor674929">B</A> | |
| / <A HREF="#anchor687774">C</A> / <A HREF="#anchor690193">D</A> | |
| / <A HREF="#anchor691844">E</A> / <A HREF="#anchor694285">F</A> | |
| / G / <A HREF="#anchor695658">H</A> / <A HREF="#anchor696859">I</A> | |
| / J / K / <A HREF="#anchor698545">L</A> / <A HREF="#anchor700424">M</A> | |
| / <A HREF="#anchor701980">N</A> / O / <A HREF="#anchor705496">P</A> | |
| / Q / <A HREF="#anchor706854">R</A> / <A HREF="#anchor709735">S</A> | |
| / <A HREF="#anchor711218">T</A> / U / <A HREF="#anchor712409">V</A> | |
| / <A HREF="#anchor713556">W</A> / X / Y / Z]</B></TD> | |
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| <TD WIDTH="100%"> | |
| <DL> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><A NAME="anchor620195"></A><B>ATM (Asynchronous Transfer | |
| Mode) </B>- | |
| <DD><FONT SIZE="-1">Transmission protocol that uses very short | |
| fixed-length (53 bytes) packets or cells to carry voice, data, | |
| and video signals. By using a standard cell size, ATM can switch | |
| data via software and route and switch its traffic at higher | |
| speeds. ICN is currently taking steps to implement ATM | |
| with MPEG-2 compression.</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>Audio Conference </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Feature of voice | |
| service which provides the ability for multiple callers to dial | |
| into a line which allows for group communication.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top<BR> | |
| </FONT></A><BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor674929"></A><B>Backbone (ICN) </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Includes | |
| the HUB in Johnston, the centralized switching center of the | |
| Network, interconnecting the HUB with all Part I and Part II | |
| endpoints throughout the state by digital links for two-way transmission | |
| of 45 megabit video, voice, and data for state, education, and | |
| administrative purposes as defined in the <I>Iowa Code</I>, chapter | |
| 8D. Iowa’s fiber optic network backbone is like the trunk | |
| of a tree with many branches reaching out to communication sites.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Bandwidth</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Measurement of capacity | |
| which determines the rate information can be transmitted across | |
| the medium over time. These rates are measured in bits (bps), | |
| kilobits (kbps), megabits (mbps), or gigabits (gbps) per second. | |
| Typical transmission services are 64 kbps, 1.544 mbps (T-1), | |
| and 45 mbps (T-3).<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>bps </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">(Bits per second) Number | |
| of binary digits transmitted per second in a data communications | |
| system.<BR> | |
| </FONT> | |
| <DD><B>Broadband</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Facility or circuit that | |
| has bandwidth in excess of that required for high-grade voice | |
| communication. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor687774"></A><B>Channel</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Communication | |
| path established between two or more institutions.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Compressed Video </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">1/28th of the | |
| ICN standard education video bandwidth as commonly used at the | |
| ICN. Enables video conferencing on a T-1 or less bandwith platform.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor690193"></A><B>DAX (Digital Exchange)</B> - <FONT | |
| SIZE="-1">Computerized digital cross connect that allows one | |
| or more specific channels from high-capacity lines to be split | |
| out separately and redirected.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>DCC-45 (Digital Cross Connect)</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> | |
| - Switch within the ICN that connects full-motion video classrooms.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Dedicated Line</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Permanent direct | |
| connections between two telephone lines or PBXs. The route and | |
| circuit are always available to the person who leases or owns | |
| the line and the signal does not need to be switched.</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>Dialtone - </B><FONT SIZE="-1">Dialtone to a technician | |
| means that the switching office serving your telephone is ready | |
| to receive address information on your call. Dialtone to the | |
| layperson means that a tone is being sent to your telephone by | |
| the switching office verifying that an electrical path is complete | |
| and is now awaiting your dialing instructions. Dialtone is not | |
| always necessary for telephone service. For instance, some cellular | |
| service vendors do not use dialtone at all. In addition, dialtone | |
| can serve as an effective trouble indicator, as an electrical | |
| impairment on your telephone line will, in most cases, also affect | |
| dialtone. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Dial-up</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Process of, or the facilities | |
| involved in, establishing a temporary connection via a switched | |
| telephone network.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Digital </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Binary (zero or one) | |
| output of a computer or terminal in data communications. Modems | |
| convert the pulsating digital sounds into analog waves for transmission | |
| over conventional telephone lines.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Direct Connect Call</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN service | |
| which allows an agency, directly connected to the ICN, to call | |
| other direct connect agencies without assistance of local exchange | |
| switching facilities. There is a savings of $.02 per minute in | |
| connecting in this manner. However, this service does require | |
| a minimum of $1,000 per month in gross long-distance tolls to | |
| be cost effective.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Distance Education </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Ability to | |
| establish a learning situation across wide geographical distances. | |
| Teacher and students may be located in two or more classrooms. | |
| With fiber optics capability, participants may interact in a | |
| two-way voice and video interactive environment. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>DMS 500 (Digital Multiplex System)</B> -<FONT SIZE="-1"> | |
| Switching system used for all of the voice, data and dialable | |
| wideband video services offered by the ICN.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>DS-0 </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Digital equivalent of one | |
| normal telephone line (64 kbs signal). Measures the speed information | |
| can be transmitted.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>DS-1</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Digital signal for 1.544 | |
| million bps. Digital transmission format in which 24 telephone | |
| line equivalents are multiplexed into one DS-1 channel. Measures | |
| the speed information can be transmitted. Video transmitted at | |
| this speed is 1/28th of the DS-3.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>DS-3 </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Digital signal for 44.736 | |
| Mbps. Telephone term describing the 44.736 Mbps signal carried | |
| on a DS-3 facility. One DS-3 equals 28 DS-1s or 672 DS-0s. Measures | |
| the speed information can be transmitted. A DS-3 and a T-3 are | |
| equivalent. Video transmitted at this speed approximates full-motion. | |
| </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor691844"></A><B>Equal Access</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN | |
| standard to provide equal educational, medical, and governmental | |
| opportunities to Iowa citizens statewide through the use of advanced | |
| telecommunications services.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Exchange</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Switching center, or | |
| the area where a common carrier furnishes service at the exchange | |
| rate. Under required regulations, exchange rates must be prescribed | |
| in the carrier’s filed tariffs. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor694285"></A><B>Fiber Optics</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Technology | |
| using thin strands of glass to propagate transmission signals. | |
| The maximum bandwidth at which a fiber optic cable can transmit | |
| signals has yet to be determined.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>FOTS (Fiber Optic Terminal System) </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Each | |
| ICN site has a FOTS room where fiber enters the building. Signal | |
| regeneration equipment that recognizes and interprets the incoming | |
| light signal into new, stronger pulses of light is often found | |
| in the FOTS room.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Frame Relay</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Communications method | |
| for connecting computer systems (Wide Area Networks) that transmits | |
| bursts of date. The data is divided and compressed into packets | |
| of information allowing more than one person to access the same | |
| physical circuit simultaneously.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Full-Motion Video</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Video channel | |
| 44.736 megabits wide. ICN's premiere service provided as connections | |
| for broadcast quality images and sound capable of real time interactivity | |
| between multiple sites. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor695658"></A><B>Hub </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Centralized | |
| switching center of a network. The ICN HUB is located at the | |
| STARC Armory in Johnston. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor696859"></A><B>ICN</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Iowa | |
| Communications Network.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>IEC or IXC (Interchange Carrier)</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Any | |
| carrier registered with the FCC authorized to carry customer | |
| transmissions between LATAs interstate. In addition, if approved | |
| by a state public utility commission, intrastate which includes | |
| carriers such as AT&T Communications (formally AT&T Long | |
| Lines), MCI, and US Sprint.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Interactive</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Live communications | |
| with either two-way audio and video or two-way audio and one-way | |
| video, providing for question-and-answer capabilities. ICN two-way | |
| video is interactive.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Interactive Video</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Capability | |
| to transmit and receive two-way (full duplex) video transmissions | |
| between originating site and remote classrooms. ICN two-way video | |
| is interactive.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Internet</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Network of computer | |
| networks, linking computers from colleges and universities, government | |
| agencies, institutions and commercial organizations worldwide. | |
| The largest international computer network.</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>Internet Subscription </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN service | |
| which provides access to the Internet via a gateway (router).</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>IowaHub Subscription </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN service | |
| which provides e-mail package translation, word processing document | |
| attachment translation, and directory listing features. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>IPTV</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Iowa Public Television.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)</B> - <FONT | |
| SIZE="-1">ICN service that allows a variety of switched digital | |
| data and voice transmissions to be accommodated simultaneously. | |
| Networking concept that provides subscribers with end-to-end | |
| fully digital communications.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>ITTC (Iowa Telecommunications and Technology Commission)</B> | |
| - <FONT SIZE="-1">Governing body established by Senate File 2089 | |
| during the 1994 Legislative Session. Made up of five voting members, | |
| appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate, plus the | |
| State Auditor. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor698545"></A><B>LAN</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">(Local | |
| Area Network) User-owned, user operated, high volume data transmission | |
| facility connecting a number of communicating devices (computers, | |
| terminals, printers, etc.) within a single room, building or | |
| campus.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>LATA</B> - (<FONT SIZE="-1">Local Access Exchange Area) | |
| Geographic service area where long distance service within the | |
| LATA is provided by the LEC. Long distance service between LATAs | |
| is provided by an IEC. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>LEC</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">(Local Exchange Carrier) | |
| Carrier providing local services to customers within a LATA. | |
| LECs have monopolies with LATAs. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor700424"></A><B>Mbps</B> - (<FONT SIZE="-1">Mega | |
| Bits per Second) Measure of the number of bits of data transmitted | |
| in a second, where Mega (M) is one million bits.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Multiplexer/ Mux</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Equipment that | |
| allows two or more signals to pass over and share a common transmission | |
| path.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor701980"></A><B>Narrowcast</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Transmission | |
| of programs to a specifically defined audience normally using | |
| the newer technology delivery systems. Sometimes referred to | |
| as a target audience, a limited audience, or a “narrow” | |
| audience, hence the name “Narrowcast."<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Network</B> (the) - <FONT SIZE="-1">Iowa Communications | |
| Network consists of the HUB (STARC Armory); interconnecting the | |
| HUB with all Part I endpoints (regional switching centers, Regents | |
| Institutions, and other Part I endpoints); Part II endpoints | |
| (secondary switching centers); and by the end of FY 1999, additional | |
| schools, libraries and area education agencies. Includes state | |
| and federal government administration sites.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor705496"></A><B>Part I</B> - I<FONT SIZE="-1">nvolved | |
| the installation of a Network Control Center at the STARC Armory | |
| in Johnston and the linking of Iowa’s three Regents Universities, | |
| 15 community colleges, Iowa Public Television, and the State | |
| Capitol Complex.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Part II </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Involved creating a point | |
| of presence in each of the remaining 84 Iowa counties by connecting | |
| to the 15 community colleges.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Part III</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Involved expanding the | |
| Network to other authorized users within the counties, such as | |
| schools, libraries, and area education agencies. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Point-to-Point </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Circuit that directly | |
| connects two points. There are generally no intermediate processing | |
| nodes nor computers, although there could be switching facilities | |
| (e.g., a phone line circuit that links two and only two logical | |
| entities).</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>PVC</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> </FONT><B>(Permanent Virtual Circuit)</B><FONT | |
| SIZE="-1"> - Virtual circuit that is a logical rather than a | |
| physical connection between end points. Using virtual circuits, | |
| multiple logical connections can be established across a single | |
| physical path.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor706854"></A><B>Real Time </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Capture, | |
| processing, and presentation of data at the time the data is | |
| originated.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Regional Switching Centers </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Part | |
| I endpoints providing interconnectivity for Part II endpoints | |
| and Part III endpoints.</FONT> | |
| <DD><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT> | |
| <DD><B>Ring Topology </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Network structure | |
| whereby connection between devices is accomplished by arranging | |
| them in a physical ring.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Router</B> - S<FONT SIZE="-1">ophisticated, protocol-specific | |
| device that passes data between LANs by examining the data and | |
| selecting the most efficient of all available routes.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor709735"></A><B>SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) | |
| </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">American and international standard for | |
| transmission of digital signals.</FONT> | |
| <DD><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT> | |
| <DD><B>SDE (System Development Engineer) </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN | |
| staff who serve authorized users by consulting on technologies | |
| and addressing ICN service issues. Each SDE serves a specific | |
| region or user group.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Switch</B><FONT SIZE="-1"> - Computers or electromechanical | |
| devices that connect transmissions to their destination points. | |
| </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor711218"></A><B>T-1</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Part | |
| of transmission service providing a transmission rate of 1.544 | |
| Mbps or equivalent to 24 DS-0 circuits.</FONT> | |
| <DD> | |
| <DD><B>Telecommunications</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Communications | |
| process that allows the transmission of information from a sender | |
| to a receiver by means of an electromagnetic or lightwave medium.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Teleconferencing</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Conference of | |
| two or more people linked by telecommunications. It can be audio | |
| only, video one way and audio the other, or video both ways.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Telejustice</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Use of a telecommunications | |
| system for conducting both state and federal judicial proceedings | |
| such as hearings and revocations.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Telemedicine</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Use of a telecommunications | |
| system for purposes of health care. Of special importance to | |
| Iowa, telemedicine can link rural hospitals to urban counterparts | |
| for such services as physician conferences for diagnoses and | |
| the rapid transmission of X-ray film, CT head scans, and ultrasound | |
| studies.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Token Ring</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Local area network | |
| access mechanism and ring topology in which a supervisory frame | |
| or token is passed from station to adjacent station sequentially. | |
| Stations wishing to gain access to the network must wait for | |
| the token to arrive before transmitting data. In a token ring, | |
| the next logical station receiving the token is also the next | |
| physical station on the ring.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Topology </B>- <FONT SIZE="-1">Overall configuration | |
| of a network.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Traffic</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Volume and intensity | |
| of transmitted signals on a communications channel.<BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Transmission</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Sending and receiving | |
| of a telecommunications signals. </FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor712409"></A><B>Video Conferencing</B> - R<FONT | |
| SIZE="-1">eal-time, usually two-way, transmission of digitized | |
| video images between two or more locations. <BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| </FONT><B>Virtual Circuit</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">Network facilities | |
| that give the appearance of an actual end-to-end circuit in packet | |
| switching. A dynamically variable network connection where sequential | |
| user data packets may be routed differently.</FONT> | |
| <DD><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT> | |
| <DD><B>Voice Service</B> - <FONT SIZE="-1">ICN service which | |
| provides inbound and/or outbound calling ability.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A><BR> | |
| <BR> | |
| <A NAME="anchor713556"></A><B>WAN (Wide Area Network)</B> - <FONT | |
| SIZE="-1">Network of computer devices separated by a large geographical | |
| area.</FONT> | |
| <DD><A HREF="#anchor179829"><FONT SIZE="-1">Back to top</FONT></A> | |
| </DL> | |
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