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<h1><strong>Profile of 1890 Institutions<br>
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<td width="70%">Thirty-two years following passage of the <a href="landgrtAct1.htm">Justin
Smith Morrill Act of 1862</a>, Congress passed the <a href="landgrtAct2.htm">1890 Morrill
Act</a> creating black land-grant colleges and universities. Today, the rich legacy of the
land-grant tradition remains prominent on the campuses of 17 public black colleges and
universities including Tuskegee University, a private, state-related land-grant
institution. The University of the District of Columbia and the University of the Virgin
Islands were established under the 1862 Morrill Act.<br>
<ul>
<li>The most striking testimonial to the resilience and value of black land-grant
institutions is the prominence of the leaders they produce in all fields of
endeavors--leaders such as: <br>
<ul>
<li>John Stallworth, former wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers and successful
businessman, Alabama A&amp;M University.<br>
</li>
<li>Wiley Austin Branton, Sr. nationally recognized civil-rights attorney and confidant to
Associate Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.<br>
</li>
<li>Ralph Waldo Ellison, nationally recognized writer, Tuskegee University.<br>
</li>
<li>Daniel J. &quot;Chappie&quot; James, Jr., four star general, U.S. Air Force and
commander-in-chief of the American Air Defense Command, Tuskegee University.<br>
</li>
<li>Jesse Jackson, former presidential candidate and civil-rights leader, North Carolina
A&amp;T State University<br>
.</li>
<li>Congressman Ed Towns, U.S. House of Representatives, North Carolina A&amp;T State
University. <br>
</li>
<li>Ronald McNair, astronaut who died abroad the space shuttle Challenger, North Carolina
A&amp;T State University.<br>
</li>
<li>Congressman Harold Ford, U.S. House of Representatives, Tennessee State University.<br>
</li>
<li>Wilma Rudolph, the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals, Tennessee
State University.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Three of the largest black universities in the nation are black land-grant institutions:
<br>
<ul>
<li>University of the District of Columbia</li>
<li>Florida A&amp;M University </li>
<li>Southern University and A&amp;M College<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Alabama A&amp;M University, Florida A&amp;M University, North Carolina A&amp;T State
University, South Carolina State University, Southern University &amp; A&amp;M College,
Tennessee State University, Tuskegee University and the University of Maryland Eastern
Shore offer doctorates and/or professional degrees in one or more of the following
disciplines: <br>
<ul>
<li>Engineering</li>
<li>Food Sciences</li>
<li>Law</li>
<li>Pharmaceutical Sciences</li>
<li>Physics</li>
<li>Plant and Soil Sciences</li>
<li>Toxicology</li>
<li>Veterinary Medicine<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Black land-grant institutions are located in 18 states, the District of Columbia and the
U.S. Virgin Islands.<br>
</li>
<li>Black land-grant institutions annually enroll nearly 40 percent of all students in
four-year historically black colleges and universities. <br>
</li>
<li>Black land-grant institutions are prominent among research institutions in:<br>
<ul>
<li>the field of animal sciences</li>
<li>sustainable agriculture and agriculture economics</li>
<li>toxicology and waste management</li>
<li>conservation and environmental management</li>
<li>business and industrial development</li>
<li>biomedical science</li>
<li>food and nutrition</li>
<li>plant and social sciences</li>
<li>international development<br>
<br>
These institutions have studied ways to boost the productivity of grain legumes--peanuts,
soybeans, pigeon peas and dry beans--to help alleviate poverty in developing nations;
synthesized a series of oxygen-carrying protein complexes that have the potential to serve
as blood substitutes in the treatment of sickle cell anemia; and developed new composite
alloys for use in outer space and earth-based activities.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A few of the research facilities at black land-grant institutions include a center for
the application of remote sensing; Claude E. Phillips Herbarium; biomedical research;
environmental technology; silicon fabrication; water resources engineering and food
microbiology/nutrition.<br>
</li>
<li>Three of the top five black institutions in the nation contributing to the production of
African American doctorates are black land-grant universities:<br>
<ul>
<li>Florida A&amp;M University</li>
<li>Tennessee State University</li>
<li>Southern University &amp; A&amp;M College</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><font color="#FF0000"><em><strong>2/18/97 </strong></em></font></td>
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<p><font size="2"><em>For additional information on the Council of 1890 Colleges and
Universities contact Dr. N. Joyce Payne in the Office for the Advancement Public Black
Colleges at 202/478-6049,or click here to e-mail: <a href="mailto:jpayne@nasulgc.org">jpayne@nasulgc.org</a></em></font></p>
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