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| <TD WIDTH=641><P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE="+2" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Etna Tech Talks</FONT><P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Etna Products, Inc. believes education and understanding of the | |
| items which influence metalworking fluids are important to understand. As a proactive measure to assist our users of Etna metalworking fluids we have created a library of Etna Tech Talks as reference documents. | |
| Listed below is a sampling of what is available.<P ALIGN=LEFT>To preview any of the Etna Tech Talks, just click on the specific title in the table to get an overview of what that Tech Talk contains. To receive a full | |
| version, please contact us by any of these means:<BR></FONT> | |
| <TABLE WIDTH=622 BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 ALIGN=LEFT> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD><P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Etna Products, Inc.,</FONT><FONT SIZE="-2" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"> </FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"> | |
| PO Box 23609 Chagrin Falls OH 44023 <BR>Phone (800) 229-3862 FAX (440) 543-1789 email: </FONT><A HREF="mailto:etna@etna.com"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"> | |
| etna@etna.com</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><BR> </FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| </TABLE> | |
| <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><BR><A NAME="0top"></A> </FONT></TD> | |
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| <TD></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=641> | |
| <TABLE ID="Table5" BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=3 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH=641> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#Corosion"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Corrosion Control</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#foam"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Foam Control</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#importance"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Importance of Water Quality on Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluid</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"> | |
| </FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#rancidity"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Rancidity of Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids - Causes, Concerns, Controls, and Corrective Actions</FONT></A><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#paint"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Paint Removal</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#overview"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Overview of Precoat Types and Methods for Wire Drawing</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#suggested"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">A Suggested General Treatment Cycle for Skin Irritation in a Metalworking Environment</FONT></A><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#metalworking"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Metalworking Fluid Controls For Water Dilutable Fluids</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#definitions"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Definitions of Analysis Terms for Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids</FONT></A><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#national"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Dermal Study on Rats and Mice with Diethanolamine</FONT></A><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#influence"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">The Influence of Metalworking Fluids on Common Elastomers</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=313><P><A HREF="#formicary"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Formicary Corrosion of Copper Tube</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"></FONT></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR> | |
| <TD WIDTH=309><P><A HREF="#general"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">General Clean Out Procedure For Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"> | |
| </FONT></TD> | |
| <TD> </TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| </TABLE> | |
| </TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| </TABLE> | |
| <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH=659> | |
| <TR VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT> | |
| <TD WIDTH=18 HEIGHT=13><IMG SRC="./clearpixel.gif" WIDTH=18 HEIGHT=1 BORDER=0></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=641><IMG SRC="./clearpixel.gif" WIDTH=641 HEIGHT=1 BORDER=0></TD> | |
| </TR> | |
| <TR VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT> | |
| <TD></TD> | |
| <TD WIDTH=641><P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="Corosion"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Corrosion Control</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Heat removal is one of the most | |
| important functions of a metalworking fluid. Effective heat removal yields good tool life and dimensional accuracy of parts. Water has greater capacity for removing heat than oil. However, water alone in contact with | |
| freshly machined metal leads to corrosion. Thus, corrosion is a problem faced by every manufacturer of water diluted metalworking fluids.<P ALIGN=LEFT>The term "rust" applies only to iron and steel. The term | |
| "corrosion" is more appropriate because this also includes nonferrous metals.</FONT><P ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P ALIGN=LEFT> <P ALIGN=LEFT></FONT> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="foam"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Foam Control</FONT></B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Foam generally is considered to be an undesirable property in a metalworking fluid. Since most metalworking fluids have good cleaning properties to help keep machines clean, | |
| they also foam when agitated. The quantity of foam that occurs, then, depends upon the chemical composition of a metalworking fluid product, the quality of the water used for mixing, and the degree of agitation in the | |
| system.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="importance"></A><BR><B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Importance of Water Quality on Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluid</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Water is the major ingredient in a water-based | |
| metalworking fluid mix. It may amount to as much as 80-99% of the mix as used. Therefore, its importance in product performance cannot be ignored.<P ALIGN=LEFT>Corrosion, residue, scum, rancidity, foam, excess | |
| concentrate usage, or almost any metalworking fluid performance problem can be caused by the quality of the water used in making the mix. Untreated water always contains impurities. Even rain water is more pure. Some | |
| impurities have no apparent effect on a waterbased metalworking fluid. Others may affect it drastically. By reacting or combining with metalworking fluid ingredients, impurities can change performance characteristics. | |
| Therefore, <B>water </B>treatment is sometimes necessary to obtain the full benefits of water-based metalworking fluids.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page | |
| </FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="rancidity"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Rancidity of Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids - Causes, Concerns, Controls, and Corrective | |
| Actions</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Rancidity is one metalworking fluid challenge which demands immediate attention. Employees will not tolerate a foul smelling fluid and even if they | |
| would, the rust, loss of finish, poor tool life, and the generally poor performance that may accompany rancidity can be major concerns in metalworking operations.<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>Rancidity can be prevented by | |
| understanding the causes and by following a few simple control practices.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A | |
| NAME="paint"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Paint Removal</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>The advent of water-based chemical metalworking fluids has led to some | |
| concerns to their use because they can cause paint to soften and peel off the machine. This is not true of all water-based metalworking fluids. Paint does come off some machine tools that are not properly painted, | |
| causing concerns.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="overview"></A><BR><B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Overview of Precoat Types and Methods for Wire Drawing</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>In order to optimize lubrication during dry wire drawing, it | |
| is important to have appropriately cleaned wire surface, to use precoating or carrier coating when appropriate, and to use cost effective dry powder wire drawing lubricants. Hot rolled steel rod has an oxidized surface | |
| and since this oxide is very abrasive, it must be removed to allow proper lubrication during wire drawing. The two primary methods of removing the oxide are chemical or mechanical descaling. For chemical descaling, some | |
| of the more common acids used: are hydrochloric or sulfuric acids for carbon steel and a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids for stainless steels. For mechanical descaling, some of the methods employed are reverse | |
| bending, shot blasting with an abrasive media, or surface removal with abrasive belts or brushes.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P ALIGN=LEFT> | |
| <P ALIGN=LEFT> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="suggested"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">A Suggested General Treatment Cycle for Skin Irritation in a Metalworking Environment</FONT></B> | |
| <FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Dermatitis or skin irritation in a metalworking plant can arise from a number of causes, such as improper use of solvents or cleaners, abrasive hand cleaners, personal | |
| hygiene, changes in weather conditions, contaminated metalworking fluid, etc.<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>But, as mentioned, various other sources with the metalworking environment may cause skin irritation. In this regard, the | |
| following steps may be beneficial should such skin irritation occur. Though these steps have been found to have favorable results, they are not meant to substitute for the consultation with a physician as a | |
| precautionary measure if or when necessary.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P ALIGN=CENTER> <P ALIGN=CENTER> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A | |
| NAME="metalworking"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Metalworking Fluid Controls For Water Dilutable Fluids</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Prolonging the life of | |
| the metalworking fluid and optimizing its performance are very dependent on the control of the metalworking fluid system. This control includes maintenance of the mechanical components, as well as the metalworking fluid | |
| and is as important as the selection of the proper fluid. The problems that beset metalworking fluids in central system applications are the same as those in an individual machine sump, only the magnitude is greater. A | |
| program to accomplish this control should include the following steps.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A | |
| NAME="definitions"></A><BR><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Definitions of Analysis Terms for Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>A summation | |
| of well defined definitions on the more common terms used in the analysis of water diluted metalworking fluids. Those included in this paper are: Concentration, pH, Dirt, Volume, Free Oil, Total Oil, Tramp Oil, Bacteria | |
| Count, and Total Alkalinity.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="national"></A><BR><B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Dermal Study on Rats and Mice with Diethanolamine</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P ALIGN=LEFT>Etna Products, | |
| Inc. has long been committed to understanding the potential health issues associated with the raw material and finished products that it produces and to communicating those concerns to our associates and customers. | |
| Consistent with this commitment to product stewardship, Etna is a member of the Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association (ILMA) which has a Health and Safety Taskforce that monitors the scientific data available | |
| regarding raw materials used to formulate lubricants. In addition to participating as an active member of the Health and Safety Taskforce, Etna is also a member of the Metalworking Fluid Product Stewardship Group (MWFPSG | |
| </FONT><FONT SIZE="-2" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><SUP>SM</SUP></FONT><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">), which is an independent group of companies committed to product stewardship and to | |
| funding research designed to identify and to understand the raw materials used to formulate metalworking lubricants.<P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A> | |
| <P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><BR><A NAME="influence"></A><B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">The Influence of Metalworking Fluids on Common Elastomers</FONT></B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>The selection of elastomers for the metalworking industry requires balancing the elastomeric properties to suit the particular application. The key elastomer compounds to | |
| consider are the polymer type, the cure system, and the filter content.<P ALIGN=LEFT>The primary metalworking fluid components to consider are the oil, water, and alkalinity level. Many problems associated with | |
| elastomers in metalworking fluids are the results of contamination. Simulated service testing can be a useful tool to judge the relative chemical compatibility of elastomers with the various types of metalworking fluids | |
| <I>.</I><P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> <P> <P ALIGN=CENTER><A NAME="formicary"></A><BR><B><FONT | |
| FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Formicary Corrosion of Copper Tube</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>Formicary corrosion is a problem that has been known for years, although | |
| relatively little work has been done to research this phenomena. Yamanchi, Motoyo, and others have conducted the bulk of the work in the 1980s.<P ALIGN=LEFT><B>Description of the Problem</B><P>Formicary corrosion | |
| differs from typical copper oxidation in that the corrosion manifests itself as an ant nest (i.e. formicary) pattern within the metal. The end result of this tunneling effect can be pin hole leaks in copper tube.<P> | |
| Identifying formicary corrosion can in many instances be quite difficult. Microscopy is the most prevalent technique, with a blue/lviolet or gray/brown appearance being an indication of formicary corrosion rather than | |
| the green/blue associated with more common forms of copper corrosion. Since the formicary corrosion mechanism can take place over a period of time, finished product at the mill can pass inspection and fail months later. | |
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| General Clean Out Procedure For Water Dilutable Metalworking Fluids</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT"><P>A clean metalworking fluid performs better and lasts longer than a dirty fluid. When | |
| recharging an individual sump or central fluid tank, a clean out of the tank is beneficial so that the fresh charge of metalworking fluid can perform with maximum efficiency.<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>If not removed, accumulated | |
| shop waste, metal swarf oil, mold growth, and pockets of bacteria cause deterioration of the fresh mix. In a new system, construction debris in the trenches and tanks, the chemical waste, such as welding flux, from the | |
| assembly of steel trenches must be removed. If the trenches are constructed of cement a good cleaning helps to season them.<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The clean out, therefore, is an essential first step. It insures that your | |
| metalworking fluid has an "even chance" to give maximum performance with a minimum number of problems.<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY>The following clean out procedure should be used whenever possible, while no operators are | |
| producing parts. <P ALIGN=RIGHT></FONT><A HREF="#0Top"><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Univers,Zurich BT">Top of Page</FONT></A><P> </TD> | |
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