diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 82172f9..468e6ba 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,70 +1,75 @@
-# Multi-stage build for optimal size
-FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/python:3.10 as builder
+FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/python:3.12
 
 # Build arguments - consolidated at top
-ARG HADOOP_VERSION=3.2.4
-ARG AWS_SDK_VERSION=1.11.901
-ARG PYSPARK_VERSION=3.3.0
+ARG HADOOP_VERSION=3.3.6
+ARG AWS_SDK_VERSION=1.12.261
+ARG PYSPARK_VERSION=3.5.0
 ARG FRAMEWORK
 ARG DELTA_FRAMEWORK_VERSION=2.2.0
 ARG HUDI_FRAMEWORK_VERSION=0.12.2
 ARG ICEBERG_FRAMEWORK_VERSION=3.3_2.12
 ARG ICEBERG_FRAMEWORK_SUB_VERSION=1.0.0
 ARG DEEQU_FRAMEWORK_VERSION=2.0.3-spark-3.3
+ARG AWS_REGION
 
-# Single consolidated RUN layer for all build operations
+ENV AWS_REGION=${AWS_REGION}
+
+# System updates and package installation
 COPY download_jars.sh /tmp/
 RUN set -ex && \
-    # System updates and package installation
-    yum update -y && \
-    yum install -y java-11-amazon-corretto-headless wget unzip && \
-    yum clean all && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache/yum && \
-    # Python package installation
+    dnf update -y && \
+    dnf install -y wget unzip java-11-amazon-corretto-headless python3-setuptools && \
+    dnf clean all && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache/dnf && \
     pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir setuptools wheel && \
     pip install --no-cache-dir pyspark==$PYSPARK_VERSION boto3 && \
     # Conditional DEEQU installation
     (echo "$FRAMEWORK" | grep -q "DEEQU" && \
      pip install --no-cache-dir --no-deps pydeequ && \
-     pip install --no-cache-dir pandas || \
+     pip install --no-cache-dir pandas && \
+     echo "DEEQU found in FRAMEWORK" || \
      echo "DEEQU not found in FRAMEWORK") && \
     # JAR download and cleanup
     chmod +x /tmp/download_jars.sh && \
-    SPARK_HOME="/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark" && \
+    SPARK_HOME="/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark" && \
     /tmp/download_jars.sh $FRAMEWORK $SPARK_HOME $HADOOP_VERSION $AWS_SDK_VERSION $DELTA_FRAMEWORK_VERSION $HUDI_FRAMEWORK_VERSION $ICEBERG_FRAMEWORK_VERSION $ICEBERG_FRAMEWORK_SUB_VERSION $DEEQU_FRAMEWORK_VERSION && \
     rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
 
-# Final optimized stage
-FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/python:3.10
+# Copy requirements.txt if present and install
+COPY requirements.txt ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/
+RUN if [ -f "${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/requirements.txt" ]; then pip install --no-cache-dir -r ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/requirements.txt; fi
 
-# Single consolidated RUN layer for runtime setup
-COPY --from=builder /var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ /var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/
-COPY --from=builder /var/runtime/ /var/runtime/
+# Copy application files
 COPY libs/glue_functions /home/glue_functions
-COPY spark-class /var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/bin/
+COPY spark-class /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin/
 COPY sparkLambdaHandler.py ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}
+# Optionally copy log4j.properties if present
+RUN if [ -f log4j.properties ]; then cp log4j.properties /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/conf/; fi
 
 RUN set -ex && \
-    # Install runtime Java and cleanup
-    yum update -y && \
-    yum install -y java-11-amazon-corretto-headless && \
-    yum clean all && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache/yum /tmp/* /var/tmp/* && \
-    # Set permissions in single operation
-    chmod -R 755 /home/glue_functions /var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark
+    dnf update -y && \
+    dnf install -y java-11-amazon-corretto-headless && \
+    dnf clean all && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache/dnf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* && \
+    chmod -R 755 /home/glue_functions /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark && \
+    # Diagnostics for spark-class
+    ls -la /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin/ || echo "Spark bin directory not found" && \
+    if [ -f "/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin/spark-class" ]; then echo "Custom spark-class after copying:"; cat /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin/spark-class; else echo "Custom spark-class not found"; fi && \
+    ln -sf /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin/spark-class /usr/local/bin/spark-class && \
+    ls -la /usr/local/bin/spark-class
 
-# Consolidated environment variables
-ENV SPARK_HOME="/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark" \
-    SPARK_VERSION=3.3.0 \
+ENV SPARK_HOME="/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark" \
+    SPARK_VERSION=3.5.0 \
     JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-amazon-corretto" \
-    PATH="$PATH:/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/bin:/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/sbin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-amazon-corretto/bin" \
-    PYTHONPATH="/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/python:/var/lang/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/python/lib/py4j-0.10.9-src.zip:/home/glue_functions" \
+    PATH="$PATH:/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/bin:/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/sbin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-amazon-corretto/bin" \
+    PYTHONPATH="/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/python:/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/python/lib/py4j-0.10.9.7-src.zip:/home/glue_functions" \
     INPUT_PATH="" \
     OUTPUT_PATH="" \
-    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="" \
-    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="" \
-    AWS_REGION="" \
-    AWS_SESSION_TOKEN="" \
     CUSTOM_SQL=""
 
-CMD [ "/var/task/sparkLambdaHandler.lambda_handler" ]
+RUN java -version
+
+RUN chmod 755 ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/sparkLambdaHandler.py
+
+CMD [ "sparkLambdaHandler.lambda_handler" ]
diff --git a/aws-ecr-repository-push.sh b/aws-ecr-repository-push.sh
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index f2fd8c3..4f7941b
--- a/aws-ecr-repository-push.sh
+++ b/aws-ecr-repository-push.sh
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 
 echo "Starting the PUSH to AWS ECR...."
 
-
-
 if [ $# -eq 0 ]
   then
     echo "Please provide the image name"
+    echo "Usage: $0 <image-name>"
+    exit 1
 fi
 
 Dockerimage=$1
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ aws_account=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)
 
 if [ $? -ne 0 ]
 then
+    echo "Failed to get AWS account number. Please check your AWS credentials."
     exit 255
 fi
 
-
-# Get the region defined in the current configuration (default to us-west-2 if none defined)
+# Get the region defined in the current configuration (default to us-east-1 if none defined)
 aws_region=$(aws configure get region)
-aws_region=${region:-us-east-1}
+aws_region=${aws_region:-us-east-1}
 reponame="${aws_account}.dkr.ecr.${aws_region}.amazonaws.com/${Dockerimage}:latest"
 
 # Creates a repo if it does not exist
@@ -36,17 +36,18 @@ then
     aws ecr create-repository --repository-name "${Dockerimage}" > /dev/null
 fi
 
-# Get the AWS ECr login 
-aws ecr get-login-password --region "${aws_region}" | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin "${aws_account}".dkr.ecr."${aws_region}".amazonaws.com
+# Get the AWS ECR login to pull base image from public ECR
+aws ecr-public get-login-password --region us-east-1 | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin public.ecr.aws 
 
 # Build the docker image and push to ECR
 echo "Building the docker image"
-docker build  -t ${Dockerimage} .
-
+docker build -t ${Dockerimage} .
 
 echo "Tagging the Docker image"
 docker tag ${Dockerimage} ${reponame}
 
+# Get the AWS ECR login to push the image to private ECR
+aws ecr get-login-password --region "${aws_region}" | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin "${aws_account}".dkr.ecr."${aws_region}".amazonaws.com
 
-echo "Pushing the Docket image to AWS ECR"
+echo "Pushing the Docker image to AWS ECR"
 docker push ${reponame}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/download_jars.sh b/download_jars.sh
index acf0eee..9690c39 100644
--- a/download_jars.sh
+++ b/download_jars.sh
@@ -13,11 +13,112 @@ mkdir $SPARK_HOME/conf
 echo "SPARK_LOCAL_IP=127.0.0.1" > $SPARK_HOME/conf/spark-env.sh
 echo "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/$(ls /usr/lib/jvm |grep java)/jre" >> $SPARK_HOME/conf/spark-env.sh
 
+# Download core S3 filesystem JARs with updated versions
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-aws/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-aws-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/amazonaws/aws-java-sdk-bundle/${AWS_SDK_VERSION}/aws-java-sdk-bundle-${AWS_SDK_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
 
+# Additional JARs for better S3 compatibility
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-common/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-common-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-client/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-client-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-client-api/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-client-api-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-client-runtime/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-client-runtime-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
 
+# Add Hadoop statistics and fs libraries to fix NoSuchMethodError
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-annotations/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-annotations-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-auth/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-auth-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/thirdparty/hadoop-shaded-guava/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-shaded-guava-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/thirdparty/hadoop-shaded-protobuf_3_7/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-shaded-protobuf_3_7-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-hdfs-client/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-hdfs-client-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+
+# Add additional Hadoop libraries to fix S3A filesystem issues
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-client-api/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-client-api-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-client-runtime/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-client-runtime-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+
+# Fix for IOStatisticsBinding NoSuchMethodError
+# Download specific version that contains the required IOStatisticsBinding class
+FIXED_VERSION="3.3.4"
+echo "Downloading fixed Hadoop libraries version $FIXED_VERSION"
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-common/$FIXED_VERSION/hadoop-common-$FIXED_VERSION.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-aws/$FIXED_VERSION/hadoop-aws-$FIXED_VERSION.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+
+# Download specific statistics implementation jars
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/thirdparty/hadoop-shaded-guava/1.1.1/hadoop-shaded-guava-1.1.1.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/ || echo "hadoop-shaded-guava not found"
+
+# Download specific fs-statistics JAR that contains IOStatisticsBinding
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-common/$FIXED_VERSION/hadoop-common-$FIXED_VERSION-tests.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/ || echo "hadoop-common-tests not found"
+
+# Download additional S3A implementation classes
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-aws/$FIXED_VERSION/hadoop-aws-$FIXED_VERSION-tests.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/ || echo "hadoop-aws-tests not found"
+
+# Copy the existing log4j.properties file to the Spark conf directory
+echo "Copying existing log4j.properties file to Spark conf directory"
+cp /opt/spark-on-lambda-handler/log4j.properties ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/
+
+# Create a core-site.xml file with S3A configurations
+echo "Creating core-site.xml file"
+cat > ${SPARK_HOME}/conf/core-site.xml << EOL
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
+<configuration>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.impl</name>
+        <value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AFileSystem</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.aws.credentials.provider</name>
+        <value>com.amazonaws.auth.DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.connection.maximum</name>
+        <value>100</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.experimental.input.fadvise</name>
+        <value>sequential</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.impl.disable.cache</name>
+        <value>true</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.path.style.access</name>
+        <value>true</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.committer.name</name>
+        <value>directory</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.committer.staging.conflict-mode</name>
+        <value>append</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.committer.staging.unique-filenames</name>
+        <value>true</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>fs.s3a.fast.upload</name>
+        <value>true</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>mapreduce.fileoutputcommitter.algorithm.version</name>
+        <value>2</value>
+    </property>
+</configuration>
+EOL
+
+# Add AWS SDK v2components for better S3 compatibility
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/s3/2.20.56/s3-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/utils/2.20.56/utils-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/auth/2.20.56/auth-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/http-client-spi/2.20.56/http-client-spi-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/regions/2.20.56/regions-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/sdk-core/2.20.56/sdk-core-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/apache-client/2.20.56/apache-client-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
+wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/software/amazon/awssdk/aws-core/2.20.56/aws-core-2.20.56.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
 
-wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/hadoop/hadoop-aws/${HADOOP_VERSION}/hadoop-aws-${HADOOP_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
-wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/amazonaws/aws-java-sdk-bundle/${AWS_SDK_VERSION}/aws-java-sdk-bundle-${AWS_SDK_VERSION}.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
 # jar files needed to conncet to Snowflake
 #wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/snowflake/spark-snowflake_2.12/2.12.0-spark_3.3/spark-snowflake_2.12-2.12.0-spark_3.3.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
 #wget -q https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/net/snowflake/snowflake-jdbc/3.13.33/snowflake-jdbc-3.13.33.jar -P ${SPARK_HOME}/jars/
@@ -61,4 +162,4 @@ echo $fw
             echo "Unknown framework: $fw"
             ;;
     esac
-done
+done
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/log4j.properties b/log4j.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bcb82c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/log4j.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Set root logger level to DEBUG and its only appender to console
+log4j.rootLogger=WARN, console
+
+# Console appender configuration
+log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
+log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
+log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss} %p %c{1}: %m%n
+
+# Set the default spark-shell log level to WARN. When running the spark-shell, the
+# log level for this class is used to overwrite the root logger's log level, so that
+# the user can have different defaults for the shell and regular Spark apps.
+log4j.logger.org.apache.spark.repl.Main=WARN
+
+# Settings to quiet third party logs that are too verbose
+log4j.logger.org.spark_project.jetty=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.spark_project.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle=ERROR
+log4j.logger.org.apache.spark.repl.SparkIMain$exprTyper=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.spark.repl.SparkILoop$SparkILoopInterpreter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.parquet=ERROR
+log4j.logger.parquet=ERROR
+
+# SPARK-9183: Settings to avoid annoying messages when looking up nonexistent UDFs in SparkSQL with Hive support
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler=FATAL
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.FunctionRegistry=ERROR
+
+# Set the log level for your application's package
+log4j.logger.your.application.package=DEBUG
+
+# Additional settings to reduce logging
+log4j.logger.org.apache.spark=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.kafka=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.zookeeper=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hive=WARN
+
+# Hadoop metrics configuration to reduce warnings
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.metrics2=ERROR
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsConfig=ERROR
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl=ERROR
+
+# S3 filesystem specific logging
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.impl=WARN
+
+# AWS SDK logging
+log4j.logger.com.amazonaws=WARN
+log4j.logger.com.amazonaws.services.s3=WARN
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c24c356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+boto3
+scikit-learn
+pandas
+numpy
+seaborn
+matplotlib
+s3fs
+openpyxl
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spark-class b/spark-class
index 0da74b3..53cb89a 100644
--- a/spark-class
+++ b/spark-class
@@ -1,6 +1,51 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
+# Debug: Print environment variables
+echo "JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME"
+echo "PATH: $PATH"
 
-java_path=$(ls /usr/lib/jvm |grep java)
-exec /usr/lib/jvm/$java_path/jre/bin/java -cp /var/lang/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyspark/conf/:/var/lang/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyspark/jars/* -Xmx1g "$@"
+# Hard-code the Java executable path for maximum reliability
+JAVA_EXECUTABLE="/usr/bin/java"
 
+# Fallback options if the hard-coded path doesn't work
+if [ ! -f "$JAVA_EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+  echo "Primary Java path not found, trying alternatives..."
+  
+  # Try using JAVA_HOME
+  if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && [ -f "$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" ]; then
+    JAVA_EXECUTABLE="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+    echo "Using Java from JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_EXECUTABLE"
+  # Try Java 11 Amazon Corretto path
+  elif [ -f "/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-amazon-corretto/bin/java" ]; then
+    JAVA_EXECUTABLE="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-amazon-corretto/bin/java"
+    echo "Using Java from Amazon Corretto path: $JAVA_EXECUTABLE"
+  # Try common JRE path (for compatibility)
+  elif [ -f "/usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java" ]; then
+    JAVA_EXECUTABLE="/usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java"
+    echo "Using Java from JRE path: $JAVA_EXECUTABLE"
+  else
+    # Last resort: search for any java executable
+    echo "Searching for Java executable..."
+    java_path=$(find /usr -name java -type f -executable 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+    if [ -n "$java_path" ]; then
+      JAVA_EXECUTABLE="$java_path"
+      echo "Found Java at: $java_path"
+    else
+      echo "Error: Java executable not found" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Verify Java executable exists and is executable
+if [ ! -f "$JAVA_EXECUTABLE" ] || [ ! -x "$JAVA_EXECUTABLE" ]; then
+  echo "Error: Java executable not found or not executable at $JAVA_EXECUTABLE" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Print Java version for debugging
+echo "Using Java executable: $JAVA_EXECUTABLE"
+$JAVA_EXECUTABLE -version
+
+# Use Python 3.12 paths for PySpark
+exec "$JAVA_EXECUTABLE" -cp /var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/conf/:/var/lang/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyspark/jars/* -Xmx1g "$@"