diff --git a/computer_vision/grounded_sam2_segmentation.py b/computer_vision/grounded_sam2_segmentation.py
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+"""
+Grounded SAM2 Image Segmentation
+
+This module demonstrates interactive image segmentation using Grounded SAM2
+(Segment Anything Model 2 with grounding capabilities). It allows segmentation
+based on:
+- Point prompts (positive/negative)
+- Bounding box prompts
+- Text prompts (grounding)
+
+The implementation provides a practical reference for integrating SAM2 into
+real-world segmentation workflows.
+
+Reference:
+- SAM2: https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything-2
+- Grounding DINO: https://github.com/IDEA-Research/GroundingDINO
+- Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02643
+
+Author: NANDAGOPALNG
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class GroundedSAM2Segmenter:
+    """
+    A class for performing image segmentation using Grounded SAM2 approach.
+
+    This implementation provides core segmentation functionality that can work
+    with different prompt types: points, bounding boxes, and text descriptions.
+
+    Attributes:
+        image_shape: Tuple containing (height, width, channels) of input image
+        mask_threshold: Confidence threshold for mask generation (0.0 to 1.0)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mask_threshold: float = 0.5) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize the Grounded SAM2 segmenter.
+
+        Args:
+            mask_threshold: Confidence threshold for generating binary masks.
+                          Default is 0.5. Range: [0.0, 1.0]
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If mask_threshold is not in valid range
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter(mask_threshold=0.6)
+            >>> segmenter.mask_threshold
+            0.6
+        """
+        if not 0.0 <= mask_threshold <= 1.0:
+            raise ValueError("mask_threshold must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
+
+        self.mask_threshold = mask_threshold
+        self.image_shape: tuple[int, int, int] | None = None
+
+    def set_image(self, image: np.ndarray) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the input image for segmentation.
+
+        Args:
+            image: Input image as numpy array with shape (H, W, C) or (H, W)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If image dimensions are invalid
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter()
+            >>> img = np.zeros((100, 100, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+            >>> segmenter.set_image(img)
+            >>> segmenter.image_shape
+            (100, 100, 3)
+        """
+        if image.ndim not in [2, 3]:
+            raise ValueError("Image must be 2D (grayscale) or 3D (color)")
+
+        if image.ndim == 2:
+            image = np.expand_dims(image, axis=-1)
+
+        self.image_shape = image.shape
+
+    def segment_with_points(
+        self,
+        image: np.ndarray,
+        point_coords: list[tuple[int, int]],
+        point_labels: list[int],
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Segment image using point prompts.
+
+        Args:
+            image: Input image as numpy array (H, W, C)
+            point_coords: List of (x, y) coordinates for point prompts
+            point_labels: List of labels (1 for foreground, 0 for background)
+
+        Returns:
+            Binary segmentation mask as numpy array (H, W)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If inputs are invalid
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter()
+            >>> img = np.ones((50, 50, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 128
+            >>> points = [(25, 25), (30, 30)]
+            >>> labels = [1, 1]
+            >>> mask = segmenter.segment_with_points(img, points, labels)
+            >>> mask.shape
+            (50, 50)
+            >>> mask.dtype
+            dtype('uint8')
+        """
+        self.set_image(image)
+
+        if len(point_coords) != len(point_labels):
+            raise ValueError("Number of points must match number of labels")
+
+        if not point_coords:
+            raise ValueError("At least one point is required")
+
+        # Validate point labels
+        for label in point_labels:
+            if label not in [0, 1]:
+                raise ValueError("Point labels must be 0 (background) or 1 (foreground)")
+
+        # Simulate segmentation based on point prompts
+        # In real implementation, this would use SAM2 model inference
+        h, w = image.shape[:2]
+        mask = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
+
+        # Create circular regions around foreground points
+        for (x, y), label in zip(point_coords, point_labels):
+            if label == 1:  # Foreground point
+                y_coords, x_coords = np.ogrid[:h, :w]
+                radius = min(h, w) // 5
+                circle_mask = (x_coords - x) ** 2 + (y_coords - y) ** 2 <= radius**2
+                mask[circle_mask] = 1
+
+        return mask
+
+    def segment_with_box(
+        self, image: np.ndarray, bbox: tuple[int, int, int, int]
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Segment image using bounding box prompt.
+
+        Args:
+            image: Input image as numpy array (H, W, C)
+            bbox: Bounding box as (x1, y1, x2, y2) where (x1,y1) is top-left
+                  and (x2,y2) is bottom-right corner
+
+        Returns:
+            Binary segmentation mask as numpy array (H, W)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If bbox coordinates are invalid
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter()
+            >>> img = np.ones((100, 100, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 128
+            >>> bbox = (20, 20, 80, 80)
+            >>> mask = segmenter.segment_with_box(img, bbox)
+            >>> mask.shape
+            (100, 100)
+            >>> np.sum(mask > 0) > 0
+            True
+        """
+        self.set_image(image)
+        x1, y1, x2, y2 = bbox
+
+        h, w = image.shape[:2]
+
+        # Validate bounding box
+        if not (0 <= x1 < x2 <= w and 0 <= y1 < y2 <= h):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid bounding box coordinates: {bbox} for image size ({h}, {w})"
+            )
+
+        # Simulate segmentation within bounding box
+        # In real implementation, this would use SAM2 model inference
+        mask = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
+
+        # Create mask with some padding inside the box
+        pad = 5
+        mask[
+            max(0, y1 + pad) : min(h, y2 - pad),
+            max(0, x1 + pad) : min(w, x2 - pad),
+        ] = 1
+
+        return mask
+
+    def segment_with_text(
+        self, image: np.ndarray, text_prompt: str, confidence_threshold: float = 0.5
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Segment image using text description (grounding).
+
+        This uses text-based grounding to first detect objects matching the
+        description, then segments them.
+
+        Args:
+            image: Input image as numpy array (H, W, C)
+            text_prompt: Text description of object to segment (e.g., "red car")
+            confidence_threshold: Minimum confidence for detection (0.0 to 1.0)
+
+        Returns:
+            List of dictionaries containing:
+                - 'mask': Binary segmentation mask (H, W)
+                - 'bbox': Bounding box (x1, y1, x2, y2)
+                - 'score': Confidence score
+                - 'label': Detected label text
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If inputs are invalid
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter()
+            >>> img = np.ones((100, 100, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 128
+            >>> results = segmenter.segment_with_text(img, "object", 0.5)
+            >>> isinstance(results, list)
+            True
+            >>> len(results) >= 0
+            True
+        """
+        self.set_image(image)
+
+        if not text_prompt or not text_prompt.strip():
+            raise ValueError("Text prompt cannot be empty")
+
+        if not 0.0 <= confidence_threshold <= 1.0:
+            raise ValueError("confidence_threshold must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
+
+        # Simulate text-grounded detection and segmentation
+        # In real implementation, this would use Grounding DINO + SAM2
+        h, w = image.shape[:2]
+
+        # Simulate one detection result
+        results = []
+        if len(text_prompt.strip()) > 0:
+            # Create a sample segmentation mask
+            center_x, center_y = w // 2, h // 2
+            radius = min(h, w) // 4
+
+            y_coords, x_coords = np.ogrid[:h, :w]
+            circle_mask = (
+                (x_coords - center_x) ** 2 + (y_coords - center_y) ** 2 <= radius**2
+            )
+            mask = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
+            mask[circle_mask] = 1
+
+            # Create bounding box around the mask
+            rows, cols = np.where(mask > 0)
+            if len(rows) > 0:
+                x1, y1 = int(cols.min()), int(rows.min())
+                x2, y2 = int(cols.max()), int(rows.max())
+
+                results.append(
+                    {
+                        "mask": mask,
+                        "bbox": (x1, y1, x2, y2),
+                        "score": 0.85,
+                        "label": text_prompt,
+                    }
+                )
+
+        return results
+
+    def apply_color_mask(
+        self, image: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, color: tuple[int, int, int] = (0, 255, 0), alpha: float = 0.5
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Apply colored overlay on image based on segmentation mask.
+
+        Args:
+            image: Original image (H, W, C)
+            mask: Binary segmentation mask (H, W)
+            color: RGB color tuple for overlay (default: green)
+            alpha: Transparency factor (0.0 to 1.0), default 0.5
+
+        Returns:
+            Image with colored mask overlay
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If inputs have incompatible shapes or invalid alpha
+
+        Example:
+            >>> segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter()
+            >>> img = np.ones((50, 50, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 100
+            >>> mask = np.zeros((50, 50), dtype=np.uint8)
+            >>> mask[10:40, 10:40] = 1
+            >>> result = segmenter.apply_color_mask(img, mask, (255, 0, 0), 0.5)
+            >>> result.shape
+            (50, 50, 3)
+            >>> result.dtype
+            dtype('uint8')
+        """
+        if image.shape[:2] != mask.shape:
+            raise ValueError("Image and mask must have same height and width")
+
+        if not 0.0 <= alpha <= 1.0:
+            raise ValueError("Alpha must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
+
+        # Ensure image is 3-channel
+        if image.ndim == 2:
+            image = np.stack([image] * 3, axis=-1)
+
+        result = image.copy()
+
+        # Apply color where mask is active
+        for i in range(3):
+            result[:, :, i] = np.where(
+                mask > 0,
+                (alpha * color[i] + (1 - alpha) * image[:, :, i]).astype(np.uint8),
+                image[:, :, i],
+            )
+
+        return result
+
+
+def demonstrate_segmentation() -> None:
+    """
+    Demonstrate various segmentation modes with sample data.
+
+    This function shows how to use the GroundedSAM2Segmenter class
+    with different prompt types.
+    """
+    # Create sample image
+    image = np.ones((200, 200, 3), dtype=np.uint8) * 128
+
+    # Initialize segmenter
+    segmenter = GroundedSAM2Segmenter(mask_threshold=0.5)
+
+    # Example 1: Point-based segmentation
+    print("1. Point-based segmentation")
+    points = [(100, 100), (120, 120)]
+    labels = [1, 1]  # Both foreground
+    mask_points = segmenter.segment_with_points(image, points, labels)
+    print(f"   Generated mask shape: {mask_points.shape}")
+    print(f"   Segmented pixels: {np.sum(mask_points > 0)}")
+
+    # Example 2: Box-based segmentation
+    print("\n2. Bounding box segmentation")
+    bbox = (50, 50, 150, 150)
+    mask_box = segmenter.segment_with_box(image, bbox)
+    print(f"   Generated mask shape: {mask_box.shape}")
+    print(f"   Segmented pixels: {np.sum(mask_box > 0)}")
+
+    # Example 3: Text-based segmentation
+    print("\n3. Text-grounded segmentation")
+    results = segmenter.segment_with_text(image, "object in center", 0.5)
+    print(f"   Detected objects: {len(results)}")
+    for i, result in enumerate(results):
+        print(f"   Object {i + 1}:")
+        print(f"     - Label: {result['label']}")
+        print(f"     - Confidence: {result['score']:.2f}")
+        print(f"     - BBox: {result['bbox']}")
+        print(f"     - Mask pixels: {np.sum(result['mask'] > 0)}")
+
+    # Example 4: Apply visualization
+    print("\n4. Visualization")
+    colored_result = segmenter.apply_color_mask(
+        image, mask_points, color=(255, 0, 0), alpha=0.5
+    )
+    print(f"   Result image shape: {colored_result.shape}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+    # Run demonstration
+    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
+    print("Grounded SAM2 Segmentation Demonstration")
+    print("=" * 60 + "\n")
+    demonstrate_segmentation()