diff --git a/docs/base-chain/network-information/block-building.mdx b/docs/base-chain/network-information/block-building.mdx index 81be1fc8..df98d467 100644 --- a/docs/base-chain/network-information/block-building.mdx +++ b/docs/base-chain/network-information/block-building.mdx @@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ The Base networks are currently configured in the following ways: | Base Mainnet | [Flashblocks](#flashblocks) + [Per-Transaction Gas Max](#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | | | Base Sepolia | [Flashblocks](#flashblocks) + [Per-Transaction Gas Max](#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | | +See the [Configuration Changelog](/base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog) for a history of changes to block building and other network parameters. + ## Configurations ### Flashblocks @@ -51,13 +53,3 @@ Bundler operators for smart contract wallets must configure their systems to lim Blocks are built every 2s by [op-geth](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth). Transactions within those blocks are ordered by priority fee, see the ([code](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth/blob/optimism/miner/worker.go#L627)). -## Changelog - -* 17th Sep: Enabled Per-Transaction Gas Maximum on Base Mainnet -* 11th Sep: Ended testing Per-Transaction Gas Maximum on Base Mainnet -* 10th Sep: Started testing Per-Transaction Gas Maximum on Base Mainnet -* 3rd Sep: Enabled Per-Transaction Gas Maximum on Base Sepolia -* 7th July: Enabled Flashblocks on Base Mainnet -* 15th May: Ended testing Flashblocks on Base Mainnet -* 15th May: Started testing Flashblocks on Base Mainnet -* 25th Feb: Enabled Flashblocks on Base Sepolia diff --git a/docs/base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog.mdx b/docs/base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog.mdx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab43cd06 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +--- +title: Configuration Changelog +slug: /configuration-changelog +description: A log of configuration changes to the Base networks. +--- + +This page tracks configuration changes to the Base networks, including updates to block building, network fees, and other network parameters. + +## Base Mainnet + +| Date | Change | Documentation | +|------|--------|---------------| +| December 4, 2025 | Enabled Minimum Base Fee (200,000 wei) | [Minimum Base Fee](/base-chain/network-information/network-fees#minimum-base-fee) | +| September 17, 2025 | Enabled Per-Transaction Gas Maximum | [Per-Transaction Gas Maximum](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | +| September 11, 2025 | Ended testing Per-Transaction Gas Maximum | [Per-Transaction Gas Maximum](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | +| September 10, 2025 | Started testing Per-Transaction Gas Maximum | [Per-Transaction Gas Maximum](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | +| July 7, 2025 | Enabled Flashblocks | [Flashblocks](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#flashblocks) | +| May 15, 2025 | Ended testing Flashblocks | [Flashblocks](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#flashblocks) | +| May 15, 2025 | Started testing Flashblocks | [Flashblocks](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#flashblocks) | + +## Base Sepolia + +| Date | Change | Documentation | +|------|--------|---------------| +| November 20, 2025 | Enabled Minimum Base Fee (200,000 wei) | [Minimum Base Fee](/base-chain/network-information/network-fees#minimum-base-fee) | +| September 3, 2025 | Enabled Per-Transaction Gas Maximum | [Per-Transaction Gas Maximum](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#per-transaction-gas-maximum) | +| February 25, 2025 | Enabled Flashblocks | [Flashblocks](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#flashblocks) | diff --git a/docs/base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base.mdx b/docs/base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base.mdx index e28c8a9e..cb85d7a8 100644 --- a/docs/base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base.mdx +++ b/docs/base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base.mdx @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ However, there are still some minor discrepancies between the behavior of Base a These minor differences include: - [Flashblocks](https://docs.base.org/base-chain/flashblocks/apps) +- [Minimum base fee](/base-chain/network-information/network-fees#minimum-base-fee) - [Bridging](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/differences#bridging) - [Opcodes](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/differences#opcodes) - [Address aliasing](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/differences#address-aliasing) diff --git a/docs/base-chain/network-information/network-fees.mdx b/docs/base-chain/network-information/network-fees.mdx index f735b60d..f1feecc0 100644 --- a/docs/base-chain/network-information/network-fees.mdx +++ b/docs/base-chain/network-information/network-fees.mdx @@ -26,3 +26,25 @@ For additional details about fee calculation on Base, please refer to the [op-stack developer documentation](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees). +## Minimum Base Fee + +As part of the [Jovian upgrade], Base introduced a minimum base fee. This feature sets a floor for the L2 base fee, preventing it from dropping to extremely low levels during periods of low network activity. + +The minimum base fee for Base Mainnet was initially set to 200,000 wei (0.0002 gwei) on December 4th, 2025. This value may be periodically adjusted as we gather data on how it affects the chain. For reference, a minimum base fee of 0.0002 gwei results in a cost of approximately 0.006 cents for a typical transaction at an ETH price of $3000. + +### Benefits + +- **Faster Transaction Inclusion**: Previously, when low activity caused the base fee to drop very low, spikes in demand could lead to extended periods of congestion before fees rose enough to clear the backlog. With a minimum base fee, transactions are typically included more quickly without users needing to manually adjust priority fees. +- **More Predictable Fees**: During normal operation, the base fee will remain at or near the minimum. During congestion, the base fee rises above the minimum. This creates a more predictable fee structure similar to surge pricing. +- **Spam Prevention**: Extremely low fees can incentivize spam transactions that don't provide value to the network. The minimum base fee helps price out such activity while keeping fees affordable for legitimate use. + +### Current Configuration + +| Network | Minimum Base Fee | +|--------------|------------------| +| Base Mainnet | 200,000 wei (0.0002 gwei) | +| Base Sepolia | 200,000 wei (0.0002 gwei) | + +See the [Configuration Changelog](/base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog) for a history of changes to the minimum base fee and other network parameters. + +[Jovian upgrade]: https://docs.optimism.io/notices/upgrade-17 diff --git a/docs/base-chain/network-information/troubleshooting-transactions.mdx b/docs/base-chain/network-information/troubleshooting-transactions.mdx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3dec5a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/base-chain/network-information/troubleshooting-transactions.mdx @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +--- +title: Troubleshooting Transactions +slug: /troubleshooting-transactions +description: Guide to diagnosing and resolving transaction issues on Base. +--- + +## Transaction Not Being Included + +If your transaction is pending for longer than expected, check the following: + +### Max Fee Too Low + +If your `maxFeePerGas` is lower than the current base fee, your transaction will remain pending until the base fee drops to your specified level. + +**Solution**: The `maxFeePerGas` must cover both the base fee and your priority fee. Since the base fee can change with each block, set `maxFeePerGas` high enough to remain valid even if the base fee rises while your transaction is pending. A common approach is: + +``` +maxFeePerGas = baseFee * 2 + maxPriorityFeePerGas +``` + +This formula (used by [ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/98c49d091eb84a9146dfba8476f18e4c3e3d1d31/src.ts/providers/abstract-provider.ts#L945-L950)) provides headroom for the base fee to double before your transaction becomes unexecutable. You only pay the actual base fee at inclusion time, not the maximum. + + +Base has a [minimum base fee](/base-chain/network-information/network-fees#minimum-base-fee). Transactions with `maxFeePerGas` below this value will never be included, since the base fee cannot drop below the minimum. + + +### Priority Fee Too Low + +During periods of high demand, transactions compete for block space through priority fees. If your priority fee is too low relative to other transactions, yours may be delayed. + +**Solution**: Most users simply wait for congestion to subside. For time-sensitive transactions, use `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas` to get a priority fee estimate that can outbid enough recent transactions to be included. + + +If [DA throttling](https://docs.optimism.io/chain-operators/guides/configuration/batcher#batcher-sequencer-throttling) is currently in effect, there's no RPC endpoint that calculates priority fee estimates with throttling in mind. During DA throttling, even transactions with high priority fees may be delayed as the sequencer limits L2 transactions to manage its L1 data availability throughput. + + +### Nonce Gap + +If you have a pending transaction with nonce N, all transactions with nonce N+1 or higher will queue behind it, regardless of their fees. + +**Solution**: Either wait for the pending transaction to be included, or replace it by submitting a new transaction with the same nonce and a higher fee (at least 10% higher `maxPriorityFeePerGas` and `maxFeePerGas`). + +### Nonce Too Low + +If you submit a transaction with a nonce that has already been used, it will be rejected. + +**Solution**: Query your current nonce using `eth_getTransactionCount` with the `pending` tag to get the next available nonce. + +## Transaction Rejected + +### Gas Limit Exceeds Maximum + +Ethereum enforces a [transaction gas limit cap](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7825) of **16,777,216 gas**. Base plans to match this limit in a future upgrade, but currently enforces a [per-transaction gas maximum](/base-chain/network-information/block-building#per-transaction-gas-maximum) of **25,000,000 gas**. Transactions specifying a higher gas limit are rejected by the mempool before inclusion. + +**Error**: `exceeds maximum per-transaction gas limit` + +**Solution**: Reduce the gas limit to 16,777,216 or below. If your transaction genuinely requires more gas, you'll need to break it into multiple transactions. + +## Transaction Included But Failed + +If your transaction was included in a block but shows a failed status: + +### Out of Gas + +The transaction ran out of gas during execution. + +**Solution**: Increase the gas limit. Use `eth_estimateGas` to get a gas estimate, then add a buffer (e.g., 20%) to account for variability. + +### Reverted by Contract + +The contract execution encountered a revert condition. + +**Solution**: Check the transaction on [Basescan](https://basescan.org) to see the revert reason. Common causes include failed require statements, arithmetic errors, or invalid state transitions. + +## Slow Confirmation + +### Understanding Confirmation Times + +Base produces blocks every 2 seconds, but [Flashblocks](/base-chain/flashblocks/apps) provide preconfirmations every 200ms. + +| Confirmation Level | Time | Description | +|-------------------|------|-------------| +| Flashblock preconfirmation | ~200ms | Transaction included in a preconfirmation | +| L2 block inclusion | ~2s | Transaction included in a sealed L2 block | +| L1 batch inclusion | ~2m | Transaction posted to Ethereum | +| L1 finality | ~20m | Ethereum batch is finalized | + +See [Transaction Finality](/base-chain/network-information/transaction-finality) for more details. + +### Using Flashblocks for Faster Confirmations + +To get the fastest possible confirmation, use a Flashblocks-aware RPC endpoint: + +| Network | Flashblocks RPC | +|---------|-----------------| +| Mainnet | `https://mainnet-preconf.base.org` | +| Sepolia | `https://sepolia-preconf.base.org` | + +These endpoints return transaction receipts as soon as a transaction is included in a Flashblock, rather than waiting for the full L2 block. + +## Debugging Tools + +- **[Basescan](https://basescan.org)**: View transaction status, logs, and revert reasons +- **[Tenderly](https://tenderly.co)**: Simulate and debug transactions +- **`eth_call`**: Test contract calls without submitting a transaction +- **`eth_estimateGas`**: Estimate gas usage before submitting + +## Getting Help + +If you're still experiencing issues, reach out in the `#developer-chat` channel in the [Base Discord](https://base.org/discord). diff --git a/docs/docs.json b/docs/docs.json index 5a88a000..fe250fdf 100644 --- a/docs/docs.json +++ b/docs/docs.json @@ -98,11 +98,13 @@ "group": "Network Information", "pages": [ "base-chain/network-information/base-contracts", - "base-chain/network-information/network-fees", - "base-chain/network-information/transaction-finality", "base-chain/network-information/ecosystem-contracts", + "base-chain/network-information/network-fees", "base-chain/network-information/block-building", - "base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base" + "base-chain/network-information/transaction-finality", + "base-chain/network-information/diffs-ethereum-base", + "base-chain/network-information/troubleshooting-transactions", + "base-chain/network-information/configuration-changelog" ] }, {