diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidConfiguration.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidConfiguration.java
index 062fd4afdbee65..4bc8b0cbab272c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidConfiguration.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidConfiguration.java
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ public static class Options extends FragmentOptions {
 
     @Option(
         name = "experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard",
-        defaultValue = "1",
+        defaultValue = "50",
         documentationCategory = OptionDocumentationCategory.UNDOCUMENTED,
         effectTags = {
           OptionEffectTag.LOADING_AND_ANALYSIS,
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ public static class Options extends FragmentOptions {
     /** Whether to use a separate tool to shard classes before merging them into final dex files. */
     @Option(
         name = "experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing",
-        defaultValue = "false",
+        defaultValue = "true",
         metadataTags = {OptionMetadataTag.EXPERIMENTAL},
         documentationCategory = OptionDocumentationCategory.UNDOCUMENTED,
         effectTags = {OptionEffectTag.LOADING_AND_ANALYSIS},
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ public static class Options extends FragmentOptions {
 
     @Option(
         name = "experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default",
-        defaultValue = "false",
+        defaultValue = "true",
         metadataTags = {OptionMetadataTag.EXPERIMENTAL},
         documentationCategory = OptionDocumentationCategory.UNDOCUMENTED,
         effectTags = {OptionEffectTag.LOADING_AND_ANALYSIS},
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryMultidexTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryMultidexTest.java
index bef41ab63dc3b1..32500b96045aee 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryMultidexTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryMultidexTest.java
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ protected boolean platformBasedToolchains() {
   @Before
   public void setup() throws Exception {
     getAnalysisMock().ccSupport().setupCcToolchainConfigForCpu(mockToolsConfig, "armeabi-v7a");
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryTest.java
index a30c8004afdc1d..39084a871f0272 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidBinaryTest.java
@@ -1066,6 +1066,10 @@ public void testNativeLibrary_providesLinkerScriptToLinkAction() throws Exceptio
   /** Regression test for http://b/33173461. */
   @Test
   public void testIncrementalDexingUsesDexArchives_binaryDependingOnAliasTarget() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/BUILD",
         "android_library(",
@@ -1150,6 +1154,10 @@ public void testIncrementalDexingDisabledWithBlacklistedDexopts() throws Excepti
 
   @Test
   public void testIncrementalDexingDisabledWithProguard() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/BUILD",
         "android_binary(",
@@ -1172,7 +1180,10 @@ public void testIncrementalDexingDisabledWithProguard() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   public void testIncrementalDexing_incompatibleWithProguardWhenDisabled() throws Exception {
-    useConfiguration("--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=0"); // disable with Proguard
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=0", // disable with Proguard
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false");
     checkError(
         "java/com/google/android",
         "top",
@@ -2551,7 +2562,11 @@ public void testDexShardingNativeStructure() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   public void testDexShardingLegacyAndProguardStructure_withNoDesugaring() throws Exception {
-    useConfiguration("--noexperimental_desugar_for_android");
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--noexperimental_desugar_for_android",
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/a/BUILD",
         "android_binary(",
@@ -2567,6 +2582,10 @@ public void testDexShardingLegacyAndProguardStructure_withNoDesugaring() throws
 
   @Test
   public void testDexShardingLegacyAndProguardStructure() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/a/BUILD",
         "android_binary(",
@@ -2582,6 +2601,10 @@ public void testDexShardingLegacyAndProguardStructure() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   public void testDexShardingNativeAndProguardStructure() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/a/BUILD",
         "android_binary(",
@@ -4098,6 +4121,10 @@ public void testAapt2ResourceCycleShinkingWithoutResourceShrinking() throws Exce
 
   @Test
   public void testOnlyProguardSpecs() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/hello/BUILD",
         "android_library(name = 'l2',",
@@ -4255,6 +4282,10 @@ public void testNoDuplicatesInProguardCommand() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   public void testProguardMapping() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/hello/BUILD",
         "android_binary(name = 'b',",
@@ -4312,7 +4343,11 @@ public void testProguardMappingProvider() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   public void testLegacyOptimizationModeUsesExtraProguardSpecs() throws Exception {
-    useConfiguration("--extra_proguard_specs=java/com/google/android/hello:extra.pro");
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--extra_proguard_specs=java/com/google/android/hello:extra.pro",
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/hello/BUILD",
         "exports_files(['extra.pro'])",
@@ -4345,7 +4380,11 @@ public void testLegacyOptimizationModeUsesExtraProguardSpecs() throws Exception
 
   @Test
   public void testExtraProguardSpecsDontDuplicateProguardInputFiles() throws Exception {
-    useConfiguration("--extra_proguard_specs=java/com/google/android/hello:proguard-spec.pro");
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--extra_proguard_specs=java/com/google/android/hello:proguard-spec.pro",
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "java/com/google/android/hello/BUILD",
         "android_binary(name = 'b',",
@@ -4653,6 +4692,10 @@ public void testFilterActionWithInstrumentedBinary() throws Exception {
    */
   @Test
   public void testConfigurableProguardSpecs() throws Exception {
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     scratch.file(
         "conditions/BUILD",
         "config_setting(",
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidInstrumentationTestTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidInstrumentationTestTest.java
index 5a8e36ed939bfe..0c0951e8658a5b 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidInstrumentationTestTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/rules/android/AndroidInstrumentationTestTest.java
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ public void setup() throws Exception {
         "  ],",
         ")");
     setupTargetDevice();
+    useConfiguration(
+        "--experimental_use_dex_splitter_for_incremental_dexing=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard_by_default=false",
+        "--experimental_incremental_dexing_after_proguard=1");
     setBuildLanguageOptions("--experimental_google_legacy_api");
   }
 
diff --git a/src/test/shell/bazel/android/android_integration_test.sh b/src/test/shell/bazel/android/android_integration_test.sh
index d1ea0523c95759..c05d6d83bd2207 100755
--- a/src/test/shell/bazel/android/android_integration_test.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/bazel/android/android_integration_test.sh
@@ -179,4 +179,130 @@ built_with_bazel_version 4.5.6"
   assert_equals "$expected" "$actual"
 }
 
+function write_large_java_file() {
+  f="$1"
+  class="$(basename $f .java)"
+  package="$(dirname $f | sed 's|java/||' | sed 's|/|.|g')"
+  echo package = $package
+  echo "package $package;" > "$f"
+  echo "public class $class {" >> "$f"
+  for i in $(seq 33000); do
+    echo "public int foo_$i() { return $i ; }" >> "$f"
+  done
+  echo "}" >> "$f"
+}
+
+function assert_multiple_dex_files() {
+  apk="bazel-bin/java/com/example/hello/hello.apk"
+  count=$(unzip -l ${apk} | grep classes | wc -l)
+  [ "${count}" -gt 1 ] || \
+      fail "Expected multiple dex files in apk, found ${count}"
+}
+
+function test_native_multidex() {
+  write_hello_android_files
+  setup_android_sdk_support
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/BUILD <<'EOF'
+android_binary(
+    name = "hello",
+    manifest = "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    srcs = glob(["*.java"]),
+    resource_files = glob(["res/**"]),
+    multidex = "native",
+)
+EOF
+
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib1.java
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib2.java
+
+  bazel build java/com/example/hello:hello || fail "build failed"
+  assert_multiple_dex_files
+}
+
+function test_native_multidex_proguard() {
+  write_hello_android_files
+  setup_android_sdk_support
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/BUILD <<'EOF'
+android_binary(
+    name = "hello",
+    manifest = "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    srcs = glob(["*.java"]),
+    resource_files = glob(["res/**"]),
+    multidex = "native",
+    proguard_specs = ["proguard.cfg"],
+)
+EOF
+
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/proguard.cfg <<'EOF'
+-keep class com.example.hello.**
+-keep class com.example.hello.Lib1 {
+  public int foo*();
+}
+-keep class com.example.hello.Lib2 {
+  public int foo*();
+}
+EOF
+
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib1.java
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib2.java
+
+  bazel build java/com/example/hello:hello || fail "build failed"
+  # Ensures that we didn't accidentally optimize away all the unused methods.
+  assert_multiple_dex_files
+}
+
+function test_native_multidex_dex_shards() {
+  write_hello_android_files
+  setup_android_sdk_support
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/BUILD <<'EOF'
+android_binary(
+    name = "hello",
+    manifest = "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    srcs = glob(["*.java"]),
+    resource_files = glob(["res/**"]),
+    multidex = "native",
+    dex_shards = 10,
+)
+EOF
+
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib1.java
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib2.java
+
+  bazel build java/com/example/hello:hello || fail "build failed"
+  assert_multiple_dex_files
+}
+
+function test_native_multidex_dex_shards_proguard() {
+  write_hello_android_files
+  setup_android_sdk_support
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/BUILD <<'EOF'
+android_binary(
+    name = "hello",
+    manifest = "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    srcs = glob(["*.java"]),
+    resource_files = glob(["res/**"]),
+    multidex = "native",
+    proguard_specs = ["proguard.cfg"],
+    dex_shards = 10,
+)
+EOF
+
+  cat > java/com/example/hello/proguard.cfg <<'EOF'
+-keep class com.example.hello.**
+-keep class com.example.hello.Lib1 {
+  public int foo*();
+}
+-keep class com.example.hello.Lib2 {
+  public int foo*();
+}
+EOF
+
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib1.java
+  write_large_java_file java/com/example/hello/Lib2.java
+
+  bazel build java/com/example/hello:hello || fail "build failed"
+  # Ensures that we didn't accidentally optimize away all the unused methods.
+  assert_multiple_dex_files
+}
+
 run_suite "Android integration tests"
diff --git a/tools/android/BUILD.tools b/tools/android/BUILD.tools
index 49af2996fbadd0..f2add84420231a 100644
--- a/tools/android/BUILD.tools
+++ b/tools/android/BUILD.tools
@@ -72,9 +72,19 @@ alias(
     }),
 )
 
+# Matches dx_standalone_dexer in android_sdk_repository_template.bzl. Not using
+# the one there to avoid a dependency on the android sdk.
+config_setting(
+    name = "dx_standalone_dexer",
+    values = {"define": "android_standalone_dexing_tool=dx_compat_dx"},
+)
+
 alias(
     name = "dexbuilder_after_proguard",
-    actual = "//src/tools/android/java/com/google/devtools/build/android/dexer:DexBuilder",
+    actual = select({
+       ":dx_standalone_dexer": "//src/tools/android/java/com/google/devtools/build/android/dexer:DexBuilder",
+       "//conditions:default": ":d8_dexbuilder",
+    }),
 )
 
 # Defines d8_dexmerger using @<repo>//:d8_jar_import generated by android_sdk_repository rule