Merge pull request #6388

0937290 doc: mention RPC random cookie authentication in release notes (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
71cbeaa rpc: Implement random-cookie based authentication (Wladimir J. van der Laan)

Author: laanwj

doc/release-notes.md

@@ -4,6 +4,21 @@ release-notes at release time)
 Notable changes
 ===============
 
+Random-cookie RPC authentication
+---------------------------------
+
+When no `-rpcpassword` is specified, the daemon now uses a special 'cookie'
+file for authentication. This file is generated with random content when the
+daemon starts, and deleted when it exits. Its contents are used as
+authentication token. Read access to this file controls who can access through
+RPC. By default it is stored in the data directory but its location can be
+overridden with the option `-rpccookiefile`.
+
+This is similar to Tor's CookieAuthentication: see
+https://www.torproject.org/docs/tor-manual.html.en
+
+This allows running bitcoind without having to do any manual configuration.
+
 Example header
 ----------------------
 

src/bitcoin-cli.cpp

@@ -97,12 +97,6 @@ static bool AppInitRPC(int argc, char* argv[])
 
 UniValue CallRPC(const string& strMethod, const UniValue& params)
 {
-    if (mapArgs["-rpcuser"] == "" && mapArgs["-rpcpassword"] == "")
-        throw runtime_error(strprintf(
-            _("You must set rpcpassword=<password> in the configuration file:\n%s\n"
-              "If the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file permissions."),
-                GetConfigFile().string().c_str()));
-
     // Connect to localhost
     bool fUseSSL = GetBoolArg("-rpcssl", false);
     boost::asio::io_service io_service;
@@ -116,10 +110,24 @@ UniValue CallRPC(const string& strMethod, const UniValue& params)
     if (!fConnected)
         throw CConnectionFailed("couldn't connect to server");
 
+    // Find credentials to use
+    std::string strRPCUserColonPass;
+    if (mapArgs["-rpcpassword"] == "") {
+        // Try fall back to cookie-based authentication if no password is provided
+        if (!GetAuthCookie(&strRPCUserColonPass)) {
+            throw runtime_error(strprintf(
+                _("You must set rpcpassword=<password> in the configuration file:\n%s\n"
+                  "If the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file permissions."),
+                    GetConfigFile().string().c_str()));
+
+        }
+    } else {
+        strRPCUserColonPass = mapArgs["-rpcuser"] + ":" + mapArgs["-rpcpassword"];
+    }
+
     // HTTP basic authentication
-    string strUserPass64 = EncodeBase64(mapArgs["-rpcuser"] + ":" + mapArgs["-rpcpassword"]);
     map<string, string> mapRequestHeaders;
-    mapRequestHeaders["Authorization"] = string("Basic ") + strUserPass64;
+    mapRequestHeaders["Authorization"] = string("Basic ") + EncodeBase64(strRPCUserColonPass);
 
     // Send request
     string strRequest = JSONRPCRequest(strMethod, params, 1);

src/rpcprotocol.cpp

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@
 #include "rpcprotocol.h"
 
 #include "clientversion.h"
+#include "random.h"
 #include "tinyformat.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utilstrencodings.h"
 #include "utiltime.h"
 #include "version.h"
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <fstream>
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio.hpp>
@@ -287,3 +289,68 @@ UniValue JSONRPCError(int code, const string& message)
     error.push_back(Pair("message", message));
     return error;
 }
+
+/** Username used when cookie authentication is in use (arbitrary, only for
+ * recognizability in debugging/logging purposes)
+ */
+static const std::string COOKIEAUTH_USER = "__cookie__";
+/** Default name for auth cookie file */
+static const std::string COOKIEAUTH_FILE = ".cookie";
+
+boost::filesystem::path GetAuthCookieFile()
+{
+    boost::filesystem::path path(GetArg("-rpccookiefile", COOKIEAUTH_FILE));
+    if (!path.is_complete()) path = GetDataDir() / path;
+    return path;
+}
+
+bool GenerateAuthCookie(std::string *cookie_out)
+{
+    unsigned char rand_pwd[32];
+    GetRandBytes(rand_pwd, 32);
+    std::string cookie = COOKIEAUTH_USER + ":" + EncodeBase64(&rand_pwd[0],32);
+
+    /** the umask determines what permissions are used to create this file -
+     * these are set to 077 in init.cpp unless overridden with -sysperms.
+     */
+    std::ofstream file;
+    boost::filesystem::path filepath = GetAuthCookieFile();
+    file.open(filepath.string().c_str());
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        LogPrintf("Unable to open cookie authentication file %s for writing\n", filepath.string());
+        return false;
+    }
+    file << cookie;
+    file.close();
+    LogPrintf("Generated RPC authentication cookie %s\n", filepath.string());
+
+    if (cookie_out)
+        *cookie_out = cookie;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetAuthCookie(std::string *cookie_out)
+{
+    std::ifstream file;
+    std::string cookie;
+    boost::filesystem::path filepath = GetAuthCookieFile();
+    file.open(filepath.string().c_str());
+    if (!file.is_open())
+        return false;
+    std::getline(file, cookie);
+    file.close();
+
+    if (cookie_out)
+        *cookie_out = cookie;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void DeleteAuthCookie()
+{
+    try {
+        boost::filesystem::remove(GetAuthCookieFile());
+    } catch (const boost::filesystem::filesystem_error& e) {
+        LogPrintf("%s: Unable to remove random auth cookie file: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    }
+}
+

src/rpcprotocol.h

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <boost/iostreams/stream.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio.hpp>
 #include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
+#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
 
 #include "univalue/univalue.h"
 
@@ -165,4 +166,13 @@ UniValue JSONRPCReplyObj(const UniValue& result, const UniValue& error, const Un
 std::string JSONRPCReply(const UniValue& result, const UniValue& error, const UniValue& id);
 UniValue JSONRPCError(int code, const std::string& message);
 
+/** Get name of RPC authentication cookie file */
+boost::filesystem::path GetAuthCookieFile();
+/** Generate a new RPC authentication cookie and write it to disk */
+bool GenerateAuthCookie(std::string *cookie_out);
+/** Read the RPC authentication cookie from disk */
+bool GetAuthCookie(std::string *cookie_out);
+/** Delete RPC authentication cookie from disk */
+void DeleteAuthCookie();
+
 #endif // BITCOIN_RPCPROTOCOL_H

src/rpcserver.cpp

@@ -597,27 +597,18 @@ void StartRPCThreads()
         strAllowed += subnet.ToString() + " ";
     LogPrint("rpc", "Allowing RPC connections from: %s\n", strAllowed);
 
-    strRPCUserColonPass = mapArgs["-rpcuser"] + ":" + mapArgs["-rpcpassword"];
     if (mapArgs["-rpcpassword"] == "")
     {
-        unsigned char rand_pwd[32];
-        GetRandBytes(rand_pwd, 32);
-        uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(strprintf(
-            _("To use bitcoind, or the -server option to bitcoin-qt, you must set an rpcpassword in the configuration file:\n"
-              "%s\n"
-              "It is recommended you use the following random password:\n"
-              "rpcuser=bitcoinrpc\n"
-              "rpcpassword=%s\n"
-              "(you do not need to remember this password)\n"
-              "The username and password MUST NOT be the same.\n"
-              "If the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file permissions.\n"
-              "It is also recommended to set alertnotify so you are notified of problems;\n"
-              "for example: alertnotify=echo %%s | mail -s \"Bitcoin Alert\" admin@foo.com\n"),
-                GetConfigFile().string(),
-                EncodeBase58(&rand_pwd[0],&rand_pwd[0]+32)),
-                "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | CClientUIInterface::SECURE);
-        StartShutdown();
-        return;
+        LogPrintf("No rpcpassword set - using random cookie authentication\n");
+        if (!GenerateAuthCookie(&strRPCUserColonPass)) {
+            uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
+                _("Error: A fatal internal error occured, see debug.log for details"), // Same message as AbortNode
+                "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
+            StartShutdown();
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        strRPCUserColonPass = mapArgs["-rpcuser"] + ":" + mapArgs["-rpcpassword"];
     }
 
     assert(rpc_io_service == NULL);
@@ -768,6 +759,8 @@ void StopRPCThreads()
     }
     deadlineTimers.clear();
 
+    DeleteAuthCookie();
+
     rpc_io_service->stop();
     g_rpcSignals.Stopped();
     if (rpc_worker_group != NULL)